XML Technologies XML, DTD
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1 XML Technologies XML, DTD
2 Basic Structural Components of XML Documents (1/2) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- XML declaration --> <!-- root element --> <root-element> <!-- an empty element --> <element/> <!-- attributes of an element --> <element attribute1="value" attribute2="another value">...</element> <!-- an element with subelements --> <element attribute1="value" attribute2="value"> <subelement>text CONTENT</subelement> <subelement>...</subelement> </element> </root-element>
3 Basic Structural Components of XML Documents (2/2) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- XML declaration --> <!-- root element --> <root-element> <!-- element with mixed content --> <element> TEX <subelement>mixed</subelement> CONTENT WITH <subelement>subelements</subelement> </element> </root-element>
4 Common Mistakes in XML Documents <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <elementa> <!-- a bad enclosing symbol --> <elementb>...</elementb> <!-- an element without an enclosing symbol --> <elementd> <!-- a bad element nesting --> <elemente> <elementf>... </elemente> </elementf> </elementa> <!-- another root element --> <elementg />
5 Basic Structural Components in DTD (1/3) <!-- declaration of an element with text content --> <!ELEMENT AAA (#PCDATA)> <!-- declaration of an element with empty content --> <!ELEMENT AAA EMPTY> <!-- declaration of an element with any content --> <!ELEMENT AAA ANY> <!-- declaration of an element with a sequence of subelements --> <!ELEMENT AAA (BBB,CCC?,DDD*,EEE+)> <!-- declaration of an element with a choice of subelements --> <!ELEMENT AAA (BBB CCC)> <!-- declaration of an element with a complex content model --> <!ELEMENT AAA (BBB,((CCC,DDD*) EEE+)+)> <!-- declaration of an element with a mixed content --> <!ELEMENT AAA (#PCDATA BBB CCC DDD)*>
6 Basic Structural Components in DTD (2/3) <!-- declaration of attributes of element AAA : - a mandatory attribute-1 with text content - an optional attribute-2 with text content - attribute-3 with a fixed "value" - a key attribute-4 - attribute-5 is a key reference - attribute-6 has one of the values, "value1" is default (if the attribute is not present in XML document, it has this value) --> <!ATTLIST AAA attribute-name-1 CDATA #REQUIRED attribute-name-2 CDATA #IMPLIED attribute-name-3 CDATA #FIXED "value" attribute-name-4 ID... attribute-name-5 IDREF... attribute-name-6 (value1 value2...) "value1">
7 Basic Structural Components in DTD (3/3) <!-- internal entity declaration --> <!ENTITY lt "<"> <!ENTITY c "Copyright: " > <!-- declaration of system (private, own) external entity --> <!ENTITY ct SYSTEM " > <!-- declaration of public external entity --> <!ENTITY ct PUBLIC "-//W3C//TEXT copyright//en" " <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <copyright>&c;&ct;</copyright>
8 DTD Declaration <!-- internal declaration --> <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE root-element [...DTD...]> <root-element>...</root-element> <!-- private, external DTD --> <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM "URI"> <root-element>...</root-element> <!-- public, external DTD --> <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE root-element PUBLIC public-name> <root-element>...</root-element> <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE root-element PUBLIC public-name "URI"> <root-element>...</root-element>
9 Keys and References <!ATTLIST product vid ID #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST order oid ID #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST item vid_ref IDREF #REQUIRED> <sale> <order oid="id_1"> <item vid_ref="id_1" /> <item vid_ref="id_3" /> </order> <order oid="id_2"> <item vid_ref="id_2" /> <item vid_ref="id_4" /> <!-- the next reference leads to non existing id! --> <item vid_ref="id_5" /> </order> <product vid="id_1" /><!--! "id_1" is already used --> <product vid="id_2" /><!--! "id_2" is already used --> <product vid="id_3" /> <product vid="id_4" /> </sale>
10 Common Mistakes in DTD (1/2) <!-- Every element which we use in a DTD must be defined. The same holds for attributes. --> <!-- usage of #PCDATA for different purpose than text or mixed content --> <!ELEMENT AAA (BBB, #PCDATA, CCC)> <!-- the value of ID attribute starts with number --> <!ATTLIST BBB number ID #REQUIRED> <BBB number="1">text</bbb> <!-- EMPTY can be used only separately --> <!ELEMENT AAA (EMPTY (BBB,CCC) )> <!-- attributes can not be used in element declaration --> <!ELEMENT AAA (attr1 (attr2,attr3))> <!ATTLIST AAA attr1 CDATA attr2 CDATA attr3 CDATA>
11 Common Mistakes in DTD (2/2) <!-- Only elements declared in the DTD can be used in the XML document (in the following example the element customer is not defined) --> <!ELEMENT new-customer (...)> <!ELEMENT present-customer (...)> <customer>...</customer> <!-- An attribute declared as choice must have a default value or must be compulsory --> <!ATTLIST AAA attr1 (value1 value2 value3)> <!-- It is not possible to specify the content of the root element directly in DOCTYPE. It must be done in declaration of this element within the DTD. --> <!DOCTYPE AAA (BBB,CCC) [...DTD...]>
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