XML: Where we're coming from, where we're going. Mark Colan e-business vangelist

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1 XML: Where we're coming from, where we're going Mark Colan e-business vangelist

2 B2B Exchange: The Industrial Revolution Industrial revolution: 30 years to accomplish Information revolution: we're now in year 5

3 B2B exchange: 1970 A.D. Data exchange thru magnetic tape reels shipped by mail or courier required hardware compatibility required common data format Rigid file formats COBOL file descriptions with fixed length fields Specified record and block size Often based on 80-column punch cards XML would have been possible, but not practical By 1990, not much had changed... Internet in limited use File formats still compiled into programs

4 B2B Exchange with XML Flexible file formats systems less likely to break as software evolves easier integration Data representation is independent of: hardware platform operating system programming language object model delivery device XML defines the representation of the data. but what about the exchange standards?

5 Web Services: A Simple View Web services is how businesses describe functionality (services) they want to externalize businesses publish that information businesses discover services businesses connect to each other and invoke services with appropriate security, reliability, and privacy XML defines a platform-independent way of representing data Web services defines a platform-independent way of exchanging data. This is moving very quickly because, basically, it is a really good idea.

6 Why Web services? Not everyone will use the same Operating system Hardware or delivery device Programming language Distributed object system Database or other application We want to move from monolithic, custom-coded apps to choreographed, scripted components. We need to move from tightly coupled systems to loosely coupled ones. We need a well-understood programming model for connecting businesses via the Internet.

7 Where IBM is coming from Enterprise software WebSphere (web app server), MQ Series (enterprise reliable messaging), DB2 (database), transactions, etc. Services 100K+ people in IBM Global Services dealing with solutions in heterogeneous customer environments e-business 5+ years of implementation experience in helping businesses combine IT and the web to their advantage

8 IBM's Strategy 1. Support and help lead open standards efforts in the W3C, OASIS, ebxml, and elsewhere. 2. Get code to developers quickly via alphaworks and support open source efforts in Apache and elsewhere. xml.apache.org ibm.com/alphaworks ibm.com/developerworks/oss 3. Add product support in WebSphere, MQ Series, DB2, Lotus Notes, etc. 4. Build customer solutions.

9 IBM and Open Source IBM contributed key XML technologies to Apache Xerces: XML parsers (Java and C++) Xalan: XSL processors (Java and C++) SOAP4J: platform-neutral SOAP 1.1 implementation we contribute the time of individuals or teams that continue to develop these tools IBM also has its own open-source repository UDDI4J - Java classes whose methods map to the UDDI access API, do all the work WSDL4J - Java classes to build or manipulate WSDL documents in memory; implementation of JSR

10 Some Reality Checks Web services is part of the evolution of e-business, and is thus not a revolution. Web services are not just about procurement. The web services model can be used behind the firewall, that is, not just business-to-business. CORBA is not dead, and neither are Java, EJBs, Windows, COM, and so on, because we have to build the systems behind the web services interfaces somehow. We are not really starting from an empty slate: there is much pre-existing art.

11 SOAP and XML Protocol Extendable message envelope with conventions for RPC and use with http based on SOAP 1.1 April, 2000 IBM, Microsoft, Userland, and DevelopMentor announce SOAP 1.1 February, 2001 ebxml announces Transport, Routing, and Packaging (TRP) specification to be built on SOAP 1.1 July, 2001 W3C announces working draft for SOAP 1.2 September, 2000 W3C announces new XML Protocol working committee April, 2001 RosettaNet announces that the next version of RNIF will be built on ebxml TRP (and hence on SOAP 1.1) might further convergence be possible?

12 SOAP hides the technology choices and implementation details from both parties Service Requester Service Provider Internet HTTP Server SOAP Router Browser user SOAP Wrappers? Process Create Response Request Backend Systems Java program EJB? Simple, standard XML messages Corba? Cobol? COM? we only care about message format and content the less we know about the implementation details, the less work for us!

13 Why SOAP Will Succeed Other distributed technologies failed on the Internet because they strongly coupled the endpoints and therefore could not become pervasive: Unix RPC - requires binary-compatible Unix implementations at each endpoint CORBA - requires compatible ORBs RMI - requires Java at each endpoint DCOM - requires Windows at each endpoint SOAP is the platform-neutral choice simply an XML wire format places no restrictions on the endpoint implementation technology choices

14 Web service descriptions WSDL - Web Services Description Language Describes the interfaces for web services and how to invoke the services. Message formats and type descriptions (using XML Schema) IBM NASSL Microsoft SDL/SCL WSDL Submitted to the W3C by 25 companies Other influences??

15 WSDL Speeds Implementation WSDL Document App-specific code (you add this) Part of IBM Web Services Toolkit Code Generator WebSphere App Server Client Application Code Service Proxy Service Implementation Template Back-end Processes

16 Locating Web services UDDI -Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration Global Internet registries for business service descriptions, including web services, announced in Sept, We expect other services, e.g., vetting to be built on Service Registry Publish Service Provider Find top of UDDI and other companies to be registrars and registry operators. This technology will also be used inside the firewall companies are registered. Patterns of use are in the development stage. It will be important to get buy-in from the industry vertical groups. Bind Service Requestor

17 A possible standards stack?? / TPA Service negotiation UDDI Publishing & discovery IBM WSFL / MS XLANG /?? UDDI / WSDL / WSCL /????? Workflow Service Descriptions Transactions / Reliability / Routing Security / Privacy Quality of service Management SOAP / XML Protocol Message / Protocol HTTP, HTTPR, SMTP, MQ Transport Internet, intranet Network

18 Security There is no such thing as security there are risks, and there are countermeasures Nothing comes for free. Start with a risk assessment, then consider solutions identification, authentication: HTTPS, SAML+XML Signature integrity - HTTPS, XML Signature confidentiality - XML Encryption For more detail on security and reliabilty, attend SOAP: Security and Reliability, Issues and Solutions Wednesday, 1:45-2:30pm Oak and Fir

19 Reliability The delivery of messages over a reliable protocol is an essential component for middleware in e-business systems "Reliable" means: The message is delivered exactly once, OR We reliably get an "undeliverable" report Fortunately, HTTP is a reliable protocol!...unless, of course, something goes wrong

20 Towards reliability on HTTP 1.1 The basic technique: send a message repeatedly until acknowledged message contains same identifier for all copies receiver drops duplicate messages (same identifier) Requirement: reliability in the protocol layer don't want apps to have to do any of the work Not as easy as it sounds. Solution involves: persisting at each step along processing sender needs to send the message and update its record of the transmission in a single transaction This is quite a difficult task to perform efficiently. Thus, we have some suggestions for doing this in the HTTP protocol.

21 HTTPR protocol A new enhancement to the HTTP protocol proposed by IBM (July 2001) Small and simple in scope... Provides reliable one-time delivery of a message It will arrive (or we will know it did not) one message will be delivered duplicate messages will be prevented Of obvious use for SOAP messaging For more information: A Primer to HTTPR ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-phtt/ HTTPR Specification ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-phtt/httprspecv2.pdf HTTPR Demo Web Services Toolkit v2.4, ibm.com/alphaworks

22 WSFL: Web Services Flow Language An XML language to describe Web Services compositions. Two types: Usage pattern of a collection of Web Services describes how to achieve a particular business goal as a business process Interaction pattern of a collection of Web Services describes of the overall partner interactions New! WSFL whitepaper at: ibm.com/software/solutions/webservices/pdf/wsfl.pdf

23 Web services application categories Business Partner Integration Common XML data formats allow different companies to integrate quickly for e-business Solves more difficult BP integration problem New model: find business partners dynamically, and begin doing business immediately Business directories, marketplaces, auctions

24 Web services application categories Enterprise Application Integration XML and Web services make it easy to integrate applications from different vendors, different hardware, different programming languages End-to-end integration leverages your systems and people for better efficiency Especially helpful for companies that formed from mergers and acquisitions

25 Web services application categories Private UDDI Registry applications e-marketplace - focused on a particular industry, for use by members of the marketplace portal - public access, describes a company's products and services like a company's web page, but deployed for Web services access rather than browser access partner catalog - private access, may represent approved vendors / products for use by employees in company business EAI catalog - for organizing internal IT functions and "late binding" lookup for version control Complete article on this subject (by Steve Graham, who presented at XML One on Monday) ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-rpu1.html ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-rpu2.html

26 Web Services: Inside the Enterprise SOAP+WSDL useful for application or data integration strategy: loose coupling existing enterprise functions / data SOAP+WSDL interfaces private UDDI registry query C set data O D E commercial software layered service e.g.: IBM DB2 Universal Database UDDI methods FIND BIND A P P

27 Web services application categories Pervasive computing XML is a natural message format for exchange with intelligent cell phones and palmtops Web services model is a natural protocol for XML message exchange Some limitations in these early days: pervasive intelligent devices... aren't. processing / memory capabilities transmission speed

28 Web services application categories Collaboration: human involvement in web services expose your calendar, selectively Web services features in Domino workgroup apps instant messaging are you online? please send a message to Mark Colan distributed learning and HR systems integration These applications and more are being developed at Lotus

29 XML: where the industry is now Many important base technical standards are now W3C recommendations ( XML Schema is now a W3C recommendation XML Signature is a proposed recommendation OASIS has established XML.ORG as the registry and repository for industry-specific vocabulary standards xml.apache.org has robust, mature implementations of XML parser, XSL processor, and SOAP4J as open-source implementations countless products using XML from all vendors

30 Where is XML Going? Visibility Digital Ink Synthetic Characters Audio Mining Quantum Computing XML: 4Q99 WAP/Wireless Web ASPs Voice Portals Webtops Biometrics Bluetooth Enterprise Portals Jini one year! XML Less than two years Two to five years Five to 10 years More than 10 years xdsl/cable Modems Smart Cards 3D Web Speech Recognition Voice over IP Micropayments Java Language maybe this year? Maturity Technology Trigger Trough of Disillusionment Slope of Enlightenment Plateau of Productivity Gartner Group "Hype Curve": 4Q2000

31 Food for Thought What would happen if the cost of application integration suddenly went to zero? you could easily switch between service providers whenever you need to you could rework your internal business software processes as your company's unique business vision evolves Short term reduce integration time from years or months to a day Long term: completely dynamic e-business legal templates and automatic terms negotiation integration in minutes or seconds

32 The Expanding Internet Foundation Common Interoperability Standards for e-business are layered like rings of a tree??? WSDL UDDI SOAP XML TCP/IP HTTP

33 Web Services: Business Revolution A revolutionary new approach to doing e-business a global electronic yellow pages of business products and services fosters new business models like marketplaces, auctions, dynamic e-business integration with newly-found business partners Opportunities: third-party value-added industry-specific marketplaces vendor history and selection services wide-open! how could YOU use this valuable business information?

34 Web Services: Software Evolution NOT a software revolution builds on existing standards extends your existing systems does not require a new programming language SOAP model is not new similar in some respects to RPC of 20 years ago What's new: the added power of internet standards for remote object invocation use of implementation-neutral message format UDDI: a universal directory of available services layered services for business aggregation

35 Where is Web Services Going? Web Services Visibility Digital Ink Synthetic Characters Audio Mining Quantum Computing WAP/Wireless Web ASPs Voice Portals Webtops Biometrics Bluetooth Enterprise Portals Jini XML Less than two years Two to five years Five to 10 years More than 10 years xdsl/cable Modems Smart Cards 3D Web Speech Recognition Voice over IP Micropayments Java Language Maturity Technology Trigger Trough of Disillusionment Slope of Enlightenment Plateau of Productivity Will Web Services rise faster than XML? Source: Gartner Group, 10/2000 excluding Web Services point

36 Web Services: Summary Software evolution, Business revolution leverage existing software as highly-integratable objects integrate systems internally, or with business partners new business opportunities abound Open standards is a requirement Web Services build on existing standards IBM leads the industry in development of new standards Get started now with IBM WebSphere 4.0 fully supports Web Services applications SOAP4J, UDDI4J, Web Services Toolkit, Development Environment available now for early learning jstart Web Services team helps get your dev team up to speed quickly with a limited-scope project

37 Download this presentation (and more) This keynote Technical Overview of Web Services SOAP: Security and Reliability, Issues and Solutions XSL by Example (including sample files) An Overview of XML and Related Technologies NOTE: most will be posted or updated next week visit Resources link, for several useful introductory and architecture whitepapers on Web services

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