Teach Yourself Microsoft PowerPoint Topic 4: Slide Master, Comments and Save Options

Transcription

1 Teach Yourself Microsoft PowerPoint Topic 4: Slide Master, Comments and Save Options This week you will work with slide masters, add comments, find out how to save your presentations in formats other than with a.pptx extension and add headers and footers to your printed MS PowerPoint pages. Slide Master You may have noticed that when you select a theme for your MS PowerPoint presentation, the theme rearranges the text on your slides, adds shapes to the background as well as formats your text and backgrounds. This is because each theme has built-in slide layouts and background graphics. Let s review what was covered in Topic 2: Open your Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that you were working on in Topic 2. You probably saved this file as: Presentation Tips.pptx If you have inadvertently lost or deleted your version of Presentation Tips.pptx, then you can get a copy from my website. You may need to click on an Enable Editing button. Your slides looked something like this: All your slides are usually setup using the Layout button in the Slides group of the Home tab. This is shown on the right. You can also access these layouts from the Insert tab. The first slide in a presentation often looks a little different to all the other slides in a presentation. This slide often uses a layout called a Title Slide. Notice that the Title Slide s background formatting in the screen dump above looks a bit different to all the other slide backgrounds. Also notice that each of the 15 slide layout options shown on the right is given a name: Title Slide, Title and Content, Section Header and so on. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 1

2 Question 1. Describe the differences in formatting between the Title Slide and the other slides in the screen dump above. You can edit the formatting of each of the possible MS PowerPoint layouts with a feature called Slide Master. Once you learn how to use Slide Master, you will be able to customise your entire slide show and even create your own personalised themes. Once this is done you will be able to use your customised theme with any other MS PowerPoint presentations that you wish to create in the future. Assume that you are not all that happy with the formatting of your slides as they are at the moment. Click on the View tab. Click on the Slide Master button which is in a group of three buttons called Master Views. The Slide Master is a special feature in MS PowerPoint that allows you to quickly modify the slides and layouts in your current presentation or to create a theme for any future presentation. Scroll to the top of your thumbnails. Click on the very top slightly larger thumbnail. Your screen should look like that shown below: This top slide is called the Master Slide and is used as a basis for all the slide layouts in your Theme. These layouts, which you can see indented have a slightly smaller thumbnail below the Master Slide. Each layout can be individually edited or deleted if you do not want to have a particular layout in your theme. When you edit the Master Slide, you will affect every slide in the slightly smaller indented thumbnail layouts shown below it. You can also modify individual slide layouts, which will change any slides using those layouts. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 2

3 Scenario: Let s say that you are working as a freelance MS Office contractor and that you have just landed a small job with The Bridge, a community hub in the City of Darebin s Preston and Thornbury suburbs. They want you to create a customised MS PowerPoint theme containing slide layouts specifically created for The Bridge that they could use repeatedly whenever they create a MS PowerPoint presentation. You have access to their logo and general colours that they would prefer you to use as shown below. You should have the logo on each slide, the blue, yellow and white appearing somewhere on each slide as well as showing the date that the presentation was created and a slide number on each slide except for the title slide. Logo: blue background, white text Logo: white background, blue text Logo: transparent background, blue text You decide to start with the PowerPoint slide presentation theme that you used above and then make modifications to it. You will use the Slide Master button to customise the theme and layouts to something that you think that The Bridge would like and then, after consultation with staff at The Bridge, make any modifications later. Note: You do not necessarily need to start with a pre-existing MS PowerPoint theme you could create your own theme that looks different from regular MS PowerPoint themes using the Insert ribbon s Images and Illustrations groups of buttons. You can even add your own placeholders, resize placeholders, delete placeholders, or move existing placeholders. Step 1/ You are happy with the blue stripe on the Master Slide, but would like to change the grey stripe to yellow. Making sure that you are on the very top Master Slide, select the top-left grey stripe by clicking on it twice as shown on the right: When you are using Slide Master, the Slide Master tab will appear first on the ribbon, but can still use all the other tabs as normal to access the different commands. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 3

4 Step 2/ Change the top part of this stripe to be a lighter version of The Bridge yellow colour: Home tab Shape Fill button More Fill Colours Choose a light-yellow colour as shown on the right OK. The result of this is shown below: Notice that every layout slide except for the Title Slide has had the top part of the grey stripe change its fill colour. Question 2. Why do you think that the Title Slide has not had a colour change to the top part of the grey stripe? Step 3/ Making sure that you are on the very top Master Slide, select the fatter part (there is also a darker thin shadow bit) of the bottomleft grey stripe by clicking on it twice as shown on the right: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 4

5 Step 4/ Making sure that you are on the very top Master Slide, change this part of the stripe to The Bridge yellow colour as shown on the right: Notice that there is a thin dark-grey shadow stripe that still needs to be changed: Step 5/ Try to change the thin dark-grey shadow stripe to a darker gold colour with a result as shown below: You might like to choose your own custom colour for the thin dark-grey shadow stripe. Question 3. Was there a better way to add a shadow colour to the bottom part of the yellow and the blue stripes? Investigate this. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 5

6 So far so good except for the Title Slide. You will need to individually fix up the Title Slide stripe colours. Step 6/ Click on the Title Slide layout thumbnail: Step 7/ Fix up the Title Slide stripe colours so that it is like all the other layout thumbnails with the result shown on the right: Step 8/ Save your changes. Hmm you would like your Title Slide s two stripes to be a bit thicker and at a slightly different angel where the bend point in the stripes is higher up. Step 9/ Step 10/ Step 11/ Step 12/ Step 13/ Click on your Title Slide s thumbnail. Single-click (once) on your stripes to reveal the bounding box for the stripes. Reduce the magnification of your Title Slide so that you can see the stripes turning handle as shown on the right: Turn your stripes a bit clockwise. Using one or more of the stripes bounding box s handles, stretch the sides out so that the stripes are fatter. Make sure the stripes extend over the edge of the slide s edge as shown below: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 6

7 Although it is not necessary, but being professional, you decide to not want to have the stripes hanging over the edge of the slide. Step 14/ Working on one shape at a time for each of the six individual shapes within your stripes: a. Select an individual shape as shown on the right: b. In the Drawing Tools Format ribbon click on Edit Shape and then click on Edit Points as shown on the right: c. Move the black corner handles of your shape to the edge of the slide at the point where your shape crosses the slide as shown below: d. Repeat for the other five shapes that make up the stripes. My results are shown below: Step 15/ Save your changes. The next step is to change the background colour of all slide layouts using the Master Slide. Since The Bridge uses a blue/yellow/white colour/tone scheme, you will make the background a much lighter combination of this scheme. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 7

8 Step 16/ Click on the top Master Slide thumbnail. Step 17/ In the Slide Master tab s Background group click on. Step 18/ Choose Format Background as shown on the right: This opens a Format Background panel on the right of your screen. Step 19/ Click on the Gradient fill radio button. Step 20/ Using a combination of white, very pale yellow and very pale blue create a pleasing background by altering the Type (I chose Linear), Direction (I chose an angle of 45 ), Gradient Stops (I used three stops with their Color set to white, very pale blue and very pale yellow (left to right)) as shown on the right: Notice that this is applied to all the Layout Slides including the Title Slide as shown below: Step 21/ Save your changes. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 8

9 You can add pictures, illustrations and shapes from the Insert Ribbon to your Master Slide or any of the Slide Layouts. You decide to add The Bridge logo to each slide. Step 22/ Step 23/ Step 24/ Step 25/ Download one of the three logos from my website saving it to your USB stick. I like the logo with the transparent background, but you choose the logo you want to use. Click on the Master Slide. Click on the Insert ribbon. Insert the logo somewhere on the Master Slide and resize it to an appropriate small size. (They are often placed in the lower-right corner.) Notice that the logo has not appeared on the Title Slide. Step 26/ Step 27/ Step 28/ Click on the Title Slide. Insert the same logo somewhere on the Title Slide. Resize it to an appropriate size. It does not have to be the same size as the others nor appear in the same spot as on the other Layout Slides. Save your changes. My Slide Masters look like this now: When you make a change to the Master Slide, it is always a good idea to review your presentation to see how it affects each slide. You may find that some of your slides do not look exactly right so you may need to adjust some of the individual Layout Slides. Step 29/ Move back to the Slide Master tab, press and look through your presentation as it is now to make sure you are happy with the layout of your slides so far. The Bridge would like the option of having the slide number and the date the presentation was created appearing on every slide. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 9

10 Step 30/ Step 31/ Step 32/ Go back to the Slide Masters by clicking on the Slide Master button in the Master Views group of the View ribbon. Click on the Master Slide. Click on the Insert tab. Step 33/ Click on the button in the Text group to open the Header and Footer dialog box. Step 34/ As shown on the right: a. Check the Date and time checkbox choosing the Fixed radio button. b. Check the Slide number checkbox. c. Check the Don t show on title slide box. Step 35/ Click on Apply to All. Step 36/ Step 37/ If you like, you can now reposition your date and slide number placeholders to anywhere you like. Remember that these two will not appear on the Title Slide. They do not have to appear at the bottom of your Master Slide you can move them to wherever you like. If you like, you can format your date and slide number placeholder text and backgrounds. In my Master Slide shown below, I have altered date and slide number font, size and added a gradient background: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 10

11 Step 38/ Save your additions. Arranging Placeholders If you want to change the arrangement of the placeholders in any of the Slide Master layouts, you can move, resize, or delete any of them. Remember that if you make changes to the layout of the placeholders on the Master Slide, then your changes will be applied to all the placeholders in the Layout Slides that use this layout. Some Layout Slides may still need to be adjusted manually. To arrange placeholders on any of your slide layouts: Step 1/ Step 2/ Step 3/ Step 4/ Step 5/ Move your mouse s pointer onto the tiny dotted line that surrounds a placeholder. The mouse s I beam changes into. Click and drag the placeholder to the spot where you want it to be. If necessary, resize your placeholder. Save the changes. If you have made changes to your Master Slide, then remember to look over the changes to your presentation as many slides could be affected by your changes. You may want to tweak your Master Slide changes! Notes: 1/ You can use the four keyboard arrow keys for precise placement of placeholders. Formatting Placeholders 2/ Also notice that you get red dashed guidelines helping you to position a placeholder in relation to the edges or centres of other placeholders as you move them around. If you want to change the formatting of any placeholder text in any of the Slide Master layouts follow the steps below. Again, remember that if you make changes to the layout of the placeholders on the Master Slide, then your changes will be applied to all the placeholders in the Layout Slides that use this layout. Some Layout Slides may still need to be adjusted manually. Step 1/ Step 2/ Step 3/ Step 4/ Step 6/ Select the text that you want to format in the placeholder. Use the Home ribbon s Font group to change the text formatting: Font, font size, colour, background colour, alignment Resize the placeholder if necessary. Save the changes. If you have made changes to your Master Slide, then remember to look over the changes to your presentation as many slides could be affected by your changes. You may want to tweak your Master Slide changes! C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 11

12 Instead of customising individual placeholders, you could change the theme fonts for your presentation. Step 1/ Step 2/ Step 3/ From the Slide Master tab, click the Fonts command in the Background group, then select your desired fonts from the pull-down list as shown on the right: Save your change. Look over your presentation to make sure that you are happy with your changes. Deleting Slide Layouts There are quite a large number of slide layouts in your current presentation. While you are using Slide Master, pull down the thumbnail scroll-bar to look at how many different Slide Layout thumbnails there are. (I think that there are 17 plus the Master Slide.) If you are not happy with a Slide Layout, then click on its thumbnail and delete it by either: Using the Delete button in the Edit Master group which is circled on the right: Right-click on the thumbnail and choose. Assume that you are not happy with any Slide Layout which includes text that runs vertically. Delete these Slide Layouts. (Hint: There are two.) Save your changes. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 12

13 Creating Custom Slide Layouts One of the most powerful features when using Slide Master is the option to create new slide layouts. This is an easy way to add custom slide layouts to an existing theme. You could even use this feature to design an entirely new theme. This is what you will do in the exercise below: Step 1/ From the Slide Master tab s Edit Master group, click on. A new Slide Layout will appear at the bottom of your thumbnails as shown on the right: Notice that the layout includes title and footer placeholders by default. Step 2/ To see how you can control the Title and Footer placeholders, click the Title and Footers checkboxes (highlighted yellow) in the Master Layout group to toggle these placeholders on and off. Remember that you can also click on a placeholder edge to select it and then delete it if you do not want to use it. Step 3/ Delete the Footer placeholder but not the Date and Slide Number placeholders. You can now add shapes, background graphics, and images to the slide layout. You can move existing placeholders and make small adjustments to them using the arrow keys on your keyboard. Assume that you would like a Layout Slide with the Title placeholder nearer the bottom-left corner with the text alignment here set to the left instead of in the centre. You would also like to add a Picture placeholder above the Title placeholder on the right side of the slide. Step 4/ Step 5/ In the Home tab click on the Left Align button. Move the Title placeholder down and a bit to the left as shown on the right: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 13

14 Step 6/ Step 7/ To add another placeholder, click the bottom half of the Insert Placeholder button, then select your desired placeholder type as shown on the right: You want to add a Picture placeholder so click on Picture. Step 8/ Draw out a Picture placeholder using your leftmouse button drawing it in the top half of your Layout Slide. To make the layout neater, make sure the right side of the Picture placeholder is lined up with the right side of the Title placeholder. You will see a red dashed line when these two placeholders line up. The result should look much like that shown below: Now that you have created your custom slide layout, you can give it a unique (and sensible) name so that you can easily find it in your slide layout thumbnails list: Step 9/ From your list of thumbnails, select your new layout. Step 10/ Click in the Edit Master group. Step 11/ Type a sensible and unique name (e.g. Title and Picture) in the dialog box that appears much like that shown on the right: Step 12/ Click Rename. Step 13/ Save your changes. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 14

15 Use Your Custom Slide Layouts Once you have saved a custom slide layout, it is easy to add a new slide that uses your custom slide layout. You could also apply it to an existing slide. Step 1/ You are currently using the Slide Master. Get out of this by clicking the button to get back to your presentation. You will add an extra slide at the end of your presentation that uses your new custom slide layout. Step 2/ Step 3/ Click on the last thumbnail in your list of slide. In the Home tab s Slides group, single-click on the lower half of the button with the resulting gallery of layouts shown on the right: Step 4/ Step 5/ Find your custom slide layout. (Recall that I named mine Title and Picture but you may have used a different name): Click on this layout. Step 6/ Step 7/ Step 8/ Step 9/ Using a browser, go to this website: Save the cartoon to your USB stick or your server space. Add the suggested cartoon image and an appropriate title to your slide. My resulting slide is shown on the right: Save the addition to your presentation. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 15

16 Creating a Custom Theme When we started creating our MS PowerPoint presentation way back in PowerPoint Topic 2, we selected the Design ribbon Theme called Parallax which I have circled below and then made changes using Slide Master. When you modify the Slide Master or add Slide Layouts, you are creating a custom version of the theme you originally selected. If you want to apply your customised theme to other presentations, then you will need to create a new Theme. Recall that, as part of the scenario, The Bridge wants you to create a custom theme for them. Follow the steps below to do this: Step 1/ From the Slide Master tab, click the button. Step 2/ Next select Save Current Theme from the drop-down menu: This opens a Save Current Theme dialog box which is shown below: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 16

17 Note: If you are not in Slide Master, then you can also save the current theme from the Design tab. Click the dropdown arrow in the Themes group, then select Save Current Theme. Step 3/ Give your theme a sensible file name. Something like: Bridge PowerPoint Notice that your theme is being saved on your computer s hard disk (C:). On my Windows 10 computer the path to the theme will be: C:\Users\GerryKruyer\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates\Document Themes Step 4/ Also notice that the file extension of a theme file is: Note down the path to your theme..thms Step 5/ Click on Save. Step 6/ Step 7/ Open Windows Explorer. Follow the file path to your theme using Windows Explorer. To do this, you will need to tick the Hidden Items checkbox. Step 8/ Since you have been employed to create a MS PowerPoint theme for The Bridge, you will need to copy your theme to a USB stick and then pass it on to staff at The Bridge or it to them. The.thmx file will then need to be saved to their network in their MS Document Themes folder so that it is available to their staff to use. The Bridge may have a technician to do this for them. Step 10/ If you are still in Slide Master, then get out of it by clicking the button get back to your presentation. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 17

18 To Use Your Custom Theme You now have your new theme available to use in the Design ribbon. Step 1/ Click on the Design tab in the ribbon. Step 2/ If you can t see your new theme in the Themes group, then click on the tiny More button which is positioned on the lower-right side of the Themes group. You will find your theme in the Custom section as shown below: Step 3/ You can now use your custom theme in the same way as any of the other existing themes. Prove to Mr Kruyer that you have new MS PowerPoint Skills Create a new theme of your own that: Is based on one of the existing MS PowerPoint themes. Has completely different colours to the existing theme. Some or all background shapes used in the existing theme are deleted. You have added at least two interesting background shapes or images. Your final theme has only five slide layout options. Your Title Slide layout is different to the other four layouts. Your theme is saved with a sensible name. Create a MS PowerPoint presentation on any topic of your choice that uses your new theme. Save your presentation. Show your presentation to the rest of the class. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 18

19 Adding Headers and Footers to Printed Pages You can add headers and footer information to your printed A4 pages or whatever paper size you prefer. This is different to adding footers to your MS PowerPoint slides which we did in the previous section. As with most Microsoft applications, there are many ways that this can be done. Using the last PowerPoint presentation that you created, follow these steps: Click on the backstage File tab. Choose Print. Click on Edit Header & Footer which is highlighted on the right: Click on the Notes and Handouts tab as shown on the right: Tick the check boxes as shown but insert your name in the Header textbox. Click on Apply to All. Save the additions. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 19

20 Comments With the latest versions of MS Office, several people can work on a document at the same time and one feature the collaborators can use is comments. This feature allows them to contribute ideas and feedback to the main person in charge of putting the document together. Even if you are developing a document on your own, you might want to ask other people to review and comment on it before declaring a document final and this includes MS PowerPoint presentations. You will be adding a specific comment to an object on one of your slides. To add this, follow these steps: Open your MS PowerPoint Bert & Ernie photo album that you created in Topic 3. If you don t have this PowerPoint presentation, then you can grab a copy from my website. Make sure you are in Normal view. Click on the Review ribbon. Scroll down the thumbnail list to slide 9. I think this photo is out of focus and I would like to add a comment here. Now click on the actual image so that you see the resizing handles. In the Comments group click on. Notice the tiny red comment icon on the right of the photo below (I circled it in red), and the Comments pane that opens on the far right. This symbol indicates that this slide has an object in this case a photo that needs attention. Enter your comment in a box in the Comments pane. (Something about the out-offocus issue.) Note: You can also add general comments to a slide by following these steps: In the Comments group click on. Enter your comment in a box in the Comments pane. The comment icon will appear in the slide s topleft corner. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 20

21 Notice the Reply options available to comment writers: When the Comments pane is closed, you can click on any comment icon to display the Comments pane and display the comment associated with that icon. Close the Comments pane. Click on the comment icon and notice that the Comments pane opens with the associated comment/s showing. Comment icon will affect your MS PowerPoint printouts so be sure to take care of them first by either making suggested changes, or ignoring them and then deleting them by moving your mouse pointer over a comment and then clicking on. Skills Check 3b Complete these two steps and then answer the three questions below: 1. Add a general comment to slide number 24 along the lines of Add a heading here such as: La Fin. 2. Save the addition of the comment. 3. Go to the Backstage Print button and look at the slide preview for slide 24. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. If you were to print out slide 24 as it is with your addition, you see unwanted text. Explain what this text means. Now go back to the Print Preview of slide 9 where you added your first comment and then go to the preview of the next page. How are these two pages related? Explain why you have 26 pages in your print preview but only 24 slides. Saving Your PowerPoint Presentations in Other Formats When you save a PowerPoint presentation, the default file format is the.pptx format. To save a presentation in a different file format: Click on the File tab to go to the Backstage options. Click the Save As button. Choose the type setting that you want to use. If you save your file with a.ppsx extension, then people who have MS PowerPoint installed on their computers will be able to view your presentation with a minimum of bother. Your presentation opens in Slide Show view from the beginning automatically. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 21

22 If you are not sure which format will best suit your needs, then here are a few tips: Tip 1. a. Click on the File tab to go to the Backstage options. b. Click on the Export button to reveal several options that you could choose from. Each one has a brief explanation of what they are best suited for as shown on the right: Tip 2. If you want to share a presentation with people that might not have the latest versions of MS PowerPoint on their computers, then you can always turn your presentation into a video. Note: Video files can be quite large, so before you create a video, you might want to ensure that the presentation is as compact as possible by compressing pictures and media to the smallest size that is suitable for the intended use. Tip 3. Click the Change File Type button for even more options as shown on the right: In the right pane, MS PowerPoint displays common file types with descriptions. Double-clicking a file type opens the Save As dialog box with Save as type: already set to that format. Have you backed up all your work at the end of this lesson to your USB thumb drive? Have you been saving your work to your USB stick or the network server every 10 minutes? Show your MS PowerPoint document to Mr Kruyer for assessment. Due Dates: All questions from this task should be completed by next week s class. C:\Users\GerryKruyer\Documents\TAFE\microsoft\ms-office\PowerPoint\learning-tasks\level-2\task4\TYMSPowerPoint4.docx Page 22