Motivation and Intro. Vadim Ermolayev. MIT2: Agent Technologies on the Semantic Web

Transcription

1 MIT2: Agent Technologies on the Semantic Web Motivation and Intro Vadim Ermolayev Dept. of IT Zaporozhye National Univ. Ukraine T1

2 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind And, finally? 2

3 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind And, finally? Are we here? 3

4 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind Or, more probably, we are here? After the drawing by Carol Ley,

5 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind E is not MC 2 anymore Or here? 5

6 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind Or like that? The power of folk dancing 6

7 Recall the Evolution of the Humankind So, why the outcomes are not perfect? Even this one 7

8 Lessons Learned: All of them have developed one function at the expense of the other vitally important ones: Ability to enjoy Big Macs Perfect body Brilliant mental ability Outstanding aspiration for striving political power Nobody of them will survive if other abilities are not provided by the others Harmony is required for being stable We should ensure that Brain meets Brawn (NRJ) 8

9 Recall the Evolution of Computing* IBM 360 circa, 1972 *After Tim Finin: An Overview and Underview of the Semantic Web. Semantic Web for Science Workshop. Newark NJ, October

10 Recall the Evolution of Computing* 2005 and beyond So, why the outcomes are not perfect? Even this one *After Tim Finin: An Overview and Underview of the Semantic Web. Semantic Web for Science Workshop. Newark NJ, October

11 The Evolution of Software Is anthropomorphous, isn t it? More evidence is coming soon 11

12 The Evolution of Distributed Systems: Generations Terminal Emulation and File Transfer Internet and Web Technologies Next Generation Web and XML E-Commerce / E-Business Apps??? 0G Distributed Computing 1G Distributed Computing 2G Distributed Computing 3G Distributed Computing Client/Server Adopted from: E-Business and Distributed Systems Handbook. Amjad Umar, 2003 Distributed Objects Next Generation Internet (High Speed IP Networks, wireless) Application Platforms for Mobile and EC/EB Apps 12

13 The Evolution of e-business!!! Business on the Web!!! Market differentiation through automation HTML Web Sites HTML Web Sites + Purchasing Advertising only Stage 1: C2B-Information HTML Web Sites + Purchasing + Virtual operations (multiple orgs) Simple E-Commerce Stage 2: C2B-purchase HTML Web Sites + Purchasing + Virtual operations (multiple orgs) + Mobility + self serve customers + no latency + Extended Enterprises Satge3: B2B-direct Next Generation Enterprises Stage 4: B2B - intermediaries (B2N - Business to Network) So, are we happy about Stage 4? Adopted from: E-Business and Distributed Systems Handbook. Amjad Umar,

14 The Evolution of the Web 500 million users more than 1 billion pages Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP The REPOSITORY of DATA Adopted from Fensel, D., Bussler, C. (2002) Semantic Web enabled Web Services project presentation 14

15 The Evolution of the Web Serious Problems in information finding extracting representing interpreting and maintaining Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP The REPOSITORY of Semantically annotated IR-s Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Adopted from Fensel, D., Bussler, C. (2002) Semantic Web enabled Web Services project presentation 15

16 The Evolution of the Web Dynamic Distributed Service Provider Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Bringing the computer back as a device for computation This is more or less where we are now Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Adopted from Fensel, D., Bussler, C. (2002) Semantic Web enabled Web Services project presentation 16

17 The Evolution of the Web Bringing the web to its full potential Dynamic Static Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Intelligent Web Services Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL So, are the (envisioned) outcomes perfect? Adopted from Fensel, D., Bussler, C. (2002) Semantic Web enabled Web Services project presentation 17

18 Evolution of SW Language(s) Markup Language Pyramid Lower layers are the Grounding for the upper ones Upper layers bring more reasoning capabilities Who or What is going to use them? For providing Services? 18

19 Web Services and SOA Recall: Software Evolution is Anthropomorphous Today s human business is: The business of dynamic business processes Composed of the services provided by autonomous players In competitive environment E-Business processes To be composed of web services Which belong to autonomous providers Who compete on the e-market SOTI: SOA and Web Services are mainstream paradigms SOTA: Web Services are NOT PERFECT Semantic Web Services Are they a Silver Bullet? 19

20 A BIG Picture Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure 20

21 A BIG Picture Semantic Web Services belong to their providers, are annotated in the terms of SW ontologies and are published in and provided through distributed repositories Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure 21

22 A BIG Picture Semantic Web Services belong to their providers, are annotated in the terms of SW ontologies and are published in and provided through distributed repositories Users may assemble their business processes by composing the available SWS through using mediators (DIP) Manually! Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure M 22

23 Ultimately* People, software, devices need to Discover others in their environment Describe the services they offer and seek Exchange APIs Negotiate for services, permissions, privacy, payment, Reason about services to create composite services Coordinate and cooperate as needed Sense their context and the activities of humans Deal with new entities never before encountered And to do this dynamically *After Tim Finin: An Overview and Underview of the Semantic Web. Semantic Web for Science Workshop. Newark NJ, October

24 Who (or What) will do all these? Software which can sense, negotiate, discover, coordinate, cooperate, MUST be capable of flexible, autonomous, goal-directed action in the environment And is called A SOFTWARE AGENT 24

25 A BIG Picture Semantic Web Services belong to their providers, are annotated in the terms of SW ontologies and are published in and provided through distributed repositories Users may instruct their agents to assemble their business processes using the available SWS Automatically! Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure 25

26 A BIG Picture Service Discovery Semantic Web Services belong to their providers, are annotated in the terms of SW ontologies and are published in and provided through distributed repositories Users may instruct their agents to assemble their business processes using the available SWS Negotiate matching capabilities Terms of different ontologies Require meaning negotiation Automatically! Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure 26

27 A BIG Picture Service Negotiation Semantic Web Services belong to their providers, are annotated in the terms of SW ontologies and are published in and provided through distributed repositories mismatch Users Capabilities may instruct their DISCOVER agents to & assemble NEGOTIATE their & match DEAL Capabilities Contract COMPOSE business processes using the available SWS Automatically! Semantic Web is the basic interoperability infrastructure 27

28 The Domain of Complex Systems The Challenge*: Building smart software that operates effectively in environments that: Have no centralised control Are highly interconnected Are in constant state of flux Are highly unpredictable Involve multiple, individually-motivated actors *After Nick Jennings: Agreement Technologies. Multiple Keynotes in

29 The Landscape is Wider than SW & SWS *After Nick Jennings: Agreement Technologies. Multiple Keynotes in

30 Outlook*: Computational Service Economies The software model for complex systems Dynamic pricing becomes the norm (again) Youdon tgetwhatyoudeserve, You get what you negotiate! Some economic actors will be humans, others will be software agents Software agents undertake complex negotiations more effectively than humans *After Nick Jennings: Agreement Technologies. Multiple Keynotes in

31 To Conclude: The Semantic Web will provide the Basic Interoperability Infrastructure for SWS: Languages Ontologies Rule, Logic, Proof frameworks SW Services will be the main assembly components for the emerging Service Economies SW constituents and SW Services are PASSIVE: Can t be Reactive Will not expose Pro-active and Adaptive Behavior Agents are necessary as Active Autonomous software components: To provide desired flexibility and pro-activeness to business processes To combine SW Services on the fly To reach consensus, agreement, to align semantics in an automated fashion To model humans, teams, organizations in e-service, e-workflow, e- Business, e- Systems on the SW 31

32 Central Point is Agents may reach Agreements and strike Deals on: SWS semantic descriptions SWS capabilities (functional properties) SWS non-functional properties SWS conditions of use (e.g., contracts, IPR, ) Through various types of Negotiations Provided that there are well defined: Negotiation Sets (items to agree upon) Negotiation Mechanisms (the rules of the game) Negotiation Strategies (the ways to succeed in a game) 32

33 We may Reach Harmony By employing Agents in e-service Systems on the Semantic Web The question is: How to put all these parts together? 33

34 More questions please 34

35 Next to Discuss T2: Basics of: the Semantic Web, T3: Basics of (Semantic) Web Services 35

36 Have a nice day 36