Story Refinement How to write and refine your stories so that your team can reach DONE by the end of your sprint!

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1 + Story Refinement How to write and refine your stories so that your team can reach DONE by the end of your sprint! Tonya McCaulley Director of Training ROME Agile

2 + About Your Speaker Tonya McCaulley Born here Raised here Live here Travel the world doing what I love Want to bring Ohio forward!

3 + Audience Poll How many of you are using Agile at work? How many of you hit DONE by the end of the sprint? Why or why not?

4 + User Story and Acceptance Criteria Refinement and hitting DONE! Level set on User Story purpose and definitions How to INVEST in good user stories Refining the Acceptance Criteria. Beginning to end to set your team up for SUCCESS!!!

5 + Let s level-set on User Story purpose and definitions

6 + Keep yourself expressing business value Avoid introducing detail too early that would prevent design options and inappropriately lock developers into one solution Why user stories? Get to small enough chunks that invite negotiation and movement in the backlog (MR./MRS. PO- THIS IS FOR YOU!!!) Leave the technical functions to the architect, developers, testers, etc.

7 + What is a User Story? A concise, written description of a piece of functionality that will be valuable to a user (or owner) of the software.

8 + User Story Description Who (user role) What (goal) Why (value) gives clarity as to why a feature is useful can influence how a feature should function can give you ideas for other useful features that support the user's goals

9 + User Story Description As a [user role] I want to [goal] so I can [value] For example: As a registered user I want to log in so I can access subscriber-only content

10 + Use specific user roles Try to avoid the generic role "User" when writing user stories. User stories are about all of the "actors" who interact with the system or who realize some value or benefit from the system. Not all actors are end users. For example, an actor could be another system or someone who wants certain functionality in order to buy your product but will never actually use the product. It may be useful to create aggregate actors (e.g. "consumer") and specialized actors (e.g. "browser" or "frequent shopper"). These aggregates are called user personae.

11 + How big a piece of work should a user story be? User Story should be small enough to be coded and tested within a sprint - ideally just a few days. When a story is too large, it is called an "epic". Backlog items tend to start as epics, when they are lower priority. For release refinement & planning, epics should be broken down into smaller chunks, but not so small that you've moved into detailed design.

12 +Who can make a user story Creation The customer, customer proxy, product owner and anyone else who identifies a need for the product can contribute user stories. Ownership & Maintenance The product owner owns the user stories and is responsible for writing, gathering, maintaining, and prioritizing. Usage Developers, testers, technical writers use user stories to be able to know what to implement and when they're done. Product owners track overall progress based on the status of the user stories. Management tends to track user stories rolled up to epics or features.

13 INVEST in Good User Stories User Stories should have these characteristics: Independent User Stories should be as independent as possible. Negotiable User Stories are not a contract. They are not detailed specifications. They are reminders of features for the team to discuss and collaborate to clarify the details near the time of development. Valuable User Stories should be valuable to the user (or owner) of the solution. They should be written in user language. They should be features, not tasks. Estimatable User Stories need to be possible to estimate. They need to provide enough information to estimate, without being too detailed. Small User Stories should be small. Not too small. But not too big. Testable User Stories need to be worded in a way that is testable, i.e. not too subjective and to provide clear details of how the User Story will be tested.

14 + Acceptance Criteria

15 Refinement Start The ASK is input in Execution state get and may get automatically converted depending on software used Refinement Team Features are presented to assign the three amigos in charge of refining them. Three Amigos Create the Epics Identify Scenarios Identify solution and document it inside the Epics Project: Backlog Three Amigos PO, Architect, UX/QA Next step: Estimation

16 Estimation: 20% to 50% confidence Three Amigos Once there is agreement on 1 piece of Acceptance criteria and scenarios for a US, an estimate is provided for it [1]. The estimate is at 20% confidence level if it is above 13 SP (the reference value for something feasible within 1 sprint) and if the story cannot get assigned to one specific team. Three Amigos YES US break down (by scenario) Prioritize broken down US Identify acceptance criteria Estimate Estimate <= 13 SP and US assigned to one scrum team? NO [1] Estimates are provided in SP using Fibonacci sequence (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ). At 20% confidence level, the estimate can be expressed also in T-Shirt size (XS to XL) with the following correspondence: S <= 13, M = 21, L= 34, XL = 55, XXL = 89, XXXL = 144)

17 Estimation: 50% to 80% confidence (and beyond) Scrum team (look ahead meeting) Revisit data at the right time (i.e. when the 80% bucket depletes) to refine available information. Add test scenarios (Further breakdown possible, at scrum team level) Scrum Team (Iteration planning meeting) Entry point for Release and Iteration planning Beyond scope

18 The confidence buckets Some 3 amigos teams work on this transition In parallel, some other 3 amigos teams work on this transition In parallel, Scrum teams work on this transition as part of the look ahead meetings To execution W W I New Feature- 3 amigos team is identified Epic are created, discussed and estimated US are broken down to fit Single scrum teams and and single iterations (SP<=13) Information is refined to be ready for sprint planning These buckets correspond to backlog portions to be constantly kept filled up (i.e. with 2-3 iterations worth of work in every bucket at any time) Frequency guidelines: W Weekly I Every iteration

19 Can AC any day! 80% 50% 2-3 iterations worth of work 2-3 iterations worth of work Constantly, 9 iterations worth of work are stackranked and estimated (at different level of confidence). We can take a snapshot of this to use for a commitment every day. 20% 2-3 iterations worth of work

20 + Let s do some laundry! How many tasks does it take you to finish your laundry?

21 What did we learn? Make sure you ask the right questions of your PO Ask WHO (role) is using it. WHAT they are using (goal) and WHY (Value).

22 User Story Acceptance Criteria In addition to the statement of the user story, additional notes, assumptions, and acceptance criteria can be kept with a user story on your scrum board or electronic scrum board (there is a separate section for Acceptance Criteria). Many discussions about a story between the team and customers will likely take place before and during the time the story is committed to code. **NOTE: One of the GREAT things about AGILE is CREATIVE LICENSE and being RESULTS DRIVEN. The difference between Design and Acceptance Criteria is what you ask about and your customer cares about.

23 + Acceptance Criteria for Confirmation Represents the items that the PO will verify in order to confirm that a story is done. Gives the team the detail necessary to delimit the product and correctly size the story. Scenarios are excellent ways to delimit the product. The team will build the simplest solution to the acceptance criteria; if you care about something, communicate it to the team. Any scenarios that are not included in a story, but need to be completed are put on another card & added to the backlog.

24 Gherkin is Workin Use Gherkin format when writing Acceptance Criteria Given: State of the system BEFORE user action takes place When: User action Then: State of system AFTER user action takes place EXAMPLE GIVEN: no display of state of services or components WHEN: I choose to monitor /display dashboard of service availability THEN: I should see the Green dot representing site up and running

25 Setting Your Team Up For Success is a WIN WIN For Everyone! Get it DONE!

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