PHP. M hiwa ahamad aziz Raparin univercity. 1 Web Design: Lecturer ( m hiwa ahmad aziz)

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1 PHP M hiwa ahamad aziz Raparin univercity 1

2 Server-Side Programming language asp, asp.net, php, jsp, perl, cgi... 2 Of 68

3 Client-Side Scripting versus Server-Side Scripting Client-side scripts Validate user input Reduce requests needed to be passed to server Access browser Server-side scripts Executed on server Generate custom response for clients Wide range of programmatic capabilities Access to server-side software that extends server functionality like DBMS 3 Of 68

4 Hosting a website : Self hosting Install a web server on a computer Local access Using domain <localhost> or IP address Necessary for server-side programming development Global access Register a human-readable domain name Obtain IP address 4 Of 68 4

5 Web server architecture LAMP: Most popular fully open source Linux for operating system Apache for web server MySQL for database PHP for server-side scripting Others: WAMP, XAMP: Uses Windows for operating system, with Apache, MySQL, and PHP WISA: Full Microsoft package Windows Internet Information Server (IIS) SQL Server (enterprise) or Access (small-scale) ASP or ASP.NET 5 Of 68 5

6 All-in-one Apache/MySQL/PHP packages EasyPHP (recommended) Includes PHPMyAdmin for administering MySQL database AbriaSoft Merlin Desktop Edition Includes PHPMyAdmin WAMP Server PHP Triad 6 Of 68 6

7 Requesting XHTML or PHP documents Request PHP documents from Apache Save PHP documents in the www folder for WAMP Save PHP documents in the htdocs folder for XAMP Launch web browser Enter PHP document s location in Address field, starting with or 7 Of 68 7

8 What is PHP? PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP is a server-side scripting language PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) PHP is an open source software PHP is free to download and use 8 Of 68 زبانهای برنامه سازی وب

9 What is a PHP File? PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3" 9 Of 68 زبانهای برنامه سازی وب

10 Why PHP? Structurally similar to C/C++ Supports procedural and object-oriented paradigm (to some degree) All PHP statements end with a semi-colon Each PHP script must be enclosed in the reserved PHP tag <?php?> <html> <body> <?php echo "Hello World";?> </body> </html> 10 Of 68 Web Design: Lecturer سازی وب ( m hiwa برنامه ahmad ( azizزبانهای

11 Comments in PHP Use // to make a single-line comment or /* and */ to make a large comment block. <html> <body> <? php //This is a comment /* This is a comment block */?> </body> </html> 11 Of 68

12 PHP Variables PHP variables must begin with a $ sign and then a letter or an underscore "_" Example variables name: $x, $_temp, Case-sensitive ($Foo!= $foo!= $foo) In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it. <?php $foo = 25; $bar = Hello ; // Numerical variable // String variable $foo = ($foo * 7); // Multiplies foo by 7 $bar = ($bar * 7); // Invalid expression?> 12 Of 68

13 Echo The PHP command echo is used to output the parameters passed to it The typical usage for this is to send data to the client s web-browser Syntax void echo (string arg1 [, string argn...]) <?php $foo = 25; // Numerical variable $bar = Hello ; // String variable echo $bar; // Outputs Hello echo $foo,$bar; // Outputs 25Hello echo 5x5=,$foo; // Outputs 5x5=25 echo 5x5=$foo ; // Outputs 5x5=25 echo 5x5=$foo ; // Outputs 5x5=$foo?> 13 Of 68

14 String Variables A string variable is used to store and manipulate text. <?php $txt="hello World"; echo $txt;?> Hello World The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together. <?php $txt1="hello World!"; $txt2="what a nice day!"; echo $txt1. " ". $txt2;?> Hello World! What a nice day! 14 Of 68

15 Arithmetic Operators Operator Description Example Result + Addition $x=$y+2 $x=7 $y=5 - Subtraction $x=$y-2 $x=3 $y=5 * Multiplication $x=$y*2 $x=10 $y=5 / Division $x=$y/2 $x=2.5 $y=5 % Modulus $x=$y%2 $x=1 $y=5 ++ Increment $x=++$y $x=6 $y=6 $x=$y++ $x=5 $y=6 -- Decrement $x=--$y $x=4 $y=4 $x=$y-- $x=5 $y=4 15 Of 68

16 Assignment Operators Operator Example Same As = $x=$y += $x+=$y $x=$x+$y -= $x-=$y $x=$x-$y *= $x*=$y $x=$x*$y.= $x.=$y $x=$x.$y /= $x/=$y $x=$x/$y %= $x%=$y $x=$x%$y 16 Of 68

17 Comparison Operators Given that $x=5, the table below explains the comparison operators: Operator Description Example == is equal to $x==8 is false $x==5 is true!= is not equal $x!=8 is true > is greater than $x>8 is false < is less than $x<8 is true >= is greater than or equal to $x>=8 is false <= is less than or equal to $x<=8 is true 17 Of 68

18 Logical Operators Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values. Given that $x=6 and $y=3, the table below explains the logical operators: Operator Description Example && and ($x < 10 && $y > 1) is true or ($x==5 $y==5) is false! not!($x==$y) is true 18 Of 68

19 Conditional Statements If...else Statement if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true } else { code to be executed if condition is not true } 19 Of 68

20 Conditional Statements The Switch Statement switch(n) { case 1: execute code block 1 break; case 2: execute code block 2 break; default: code to be executed if n is different from case 1 and 2 } 20 Of 68

21 Arrays Numeric Arrays A numeric array stores each array element with a numeric index. 1. the index are automatically assigned (the index starts at 0) $cars=array("saab","volvo","bmw","toyota"); 2. assign the index manually $cars[0]="saab"; $cars[1]="volvo"; $cars[2]="bmw"; $cars[3]="toyota"; 21 Of 68

22 Associative Arrays Arrays An associative array, each ID key is associated with a value. $ages = array("peter"=>32, «ghanon"=>" book", "Joe"=>34); $ages['peter'] = "32"; $ages[ghanon'] = " book"; $ages['joe'] = "34"; Some function for array sort, asort, count, empty, isset, unset, array_merge, 22 Of 68

23 PHP Loops The for Loop The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run. for (variable=startvalue ; variable<=endvalue ; variable=+increment) { code to be executed } <?php for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) { echo "The number is ". $i. "<br />"; }?> 23 Of 68

24 The while loop PHP Loops The while loop loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true. while (variable<=endvalue) { code to be executed } <?php $i=1; while($i<=5) { echo "The number is ". $i. "<br />"; $i++; }?> 24 Of 68

25 PHP Loops The do...while Loop do { code to be executed } while (variable<=endvalue); <?php $i=1; do { $i++; echo "The number is ". $i. "<br />"; } while ($i<=5);?> 25 Of 68

26 PHP Functions The real power of PHP comes from its functions.in PHP, there are more than 700 built-in functions. Create a PHP Function function functionname() { code to be executed; } <?php function writename() { echo "Kai Jim Refsnes"; } echo "My name is "; writename();?> 26 Of 68

27 Return values PHP Functions <?php function add($x,$y) { $total=$x+$y; return $total; } echo " = ". add(1,16);?> 27 Of 68

28 User Input and Sending Information For using the information and storing them to database requires that transform information between web pages. The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms and transform information. 28 Of 68

29 Sending Information-Get method The predefined $_GET variable is used to collect values in a form with method="get". Information sent from a form with the GET method displayed in the browser's address bar has limits on the amount of information to send(exceeding 2000 characters). It is possible to bookmark the page. This can be useful in some cases. 29 Of 68 زبانهای برنامه سازی وب

30 Sending Information-Get method <a href= > link to welcome</a> <form action="welcome.php" method= get"> Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age: <input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> welcome.php : <body> Welcome <?php echo $_GET["fname"];?>!<br /> You are <?php echo $_GET["age"];?> years old. </body> 30 Of 68 زبانهای برنامه سازی وب

31 Sending Information-Post method The predefined $_POST variable is used to collect values from a form sent with method="post". Information sent is invisible to others has no limits on the amount of information to send. However, there is an 8 Mb max size for the POST method, by default(can be changed by setting the post_max_size in the php.ini file). 31 Of 68

32 Sending Information-Post method <form action="welcome.php" method= post"> Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age: <input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> welcome.php : <body> Welcome <?php echo $_POST["fname"];?>!<br /> You are <?php echo $_POST["age"];?> years old. </body> 32 Of 68

33 Date() Function The PHP date() function is used to format a time and/or date. date(format,timestamp) format: Specifies the format of the timestamp (Required) d - Represents the day of the month (01 to 31) m - Represents a month (01 to 12) Y - Represents a year (in four digits) Timestamp: Specifies a timestamp. Default is the current date and time (Optional) <?php echo date("y/m/d"). "<br />"; echo date("y.m.d"). "<br />"; echo date("y-m-d");?> 2009/05/ Of 68

34 include() Function takes all the content in a specified file and includes it in the current file. <html> <body> <?php include("header.php");?> <h1>welcome to my home page!</h1> <p>some text.</p> </body> </html> 34 Of 68

35 Sending s PHP allows you to send s directly from a script. The PHP mail() Function mail(to,subject,message,headers) Parameter to subject message headers Description Required. Specifies the receiver / receivers of the Required. Specifies the subject of the . Required. Defines the message to be sent. Each line should be separated with a LF (\n). Lines should not exceed 70 characters Optional. Specifies additional headers, like From, Cc, and Bcc. The additional headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n) 35 Of 68 زبانهای برنامه سازی وب

36 Sending s PHP Simple <?php $to = "someone@example.com"; $subject = "Test mail"; $message = "Hello! This is a simple message."; $from = "someonelse@example.com"; $headers = "From:". $from; mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers); echo "Mail Sent.";?> 36 Of 68

37 Global Variables - Superglobals Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals", which means that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can access them from any function, class or file without having to do anything special. The PHP superglobals variables are: $GLOBALS $_SERVER $_REQUEST $_POST $_GET $_FILES $_ENV $_COOKIE $_SESSION 37 Of 68

38 $GLOBALS $GLOBALS is a PHP super global variable which is used to access global variables from anywhere in the PHP script (also from within functions or methods). PHP stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index]. The index holds the name of the variable. <?php $x = 75; $y = 25; function addition() { $GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y']; } addition(); echo $z;?> 38 Of 68

39 $_SERVER $_SERVER is a PHP super global variable which holds information about headers, paths, and script locations. <?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; // Returns the filename of the currently executing script echo "<br>"; echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']; // Returns the name of the host server (such as rapariweb.com) echo "<br>"; echo $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']; // Returns the IP address of the host server echo "<br>"; echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; // Returns the IP address from where the user is viewing the current page echo "<br>"; echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; // Returns the path of the current script echo "<br>"; echo $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']; // Returns the request method used to access the page (such as POST)?> 39 Of 68

40 $_REQUEST PHP $_REQUEST is used to collect data after submitting an HTML form. <body> <form method="post" action= #"> Name: <input type="text" name="fname"> <input type="submit"> </form> <?php if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") { // collect value of input field $name = $_REQUEST['fname']; if (empty($name)) { echo "Name is empty"; } else { echo $name; } }?> </body> 40 Of 68

41 $_Sessions A PHP session variable is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session. Session variables hold information about one single user, store them on the server temporary and are available to all pages in one application. Sessions work by creating a unique id (UID) for each visitor and store variables based on this UID. 41 Of 68

42 Sessions Starting a PHP Session <?php session_start();?> <html> <body> </body> </html> The code above will register the user's session with the server, allow you to start saving user information, and assign a UID for that user's session. Note: The session_start() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag: 42 Of 68

43 Sessions Storing a Session Variable The correct way to store and retrieve session variables is to use the PHP $_SESSION variable: <?php session_start(); // store session data $_SESSION['views']=1;?> <html> <body> <?php //retrieve session data echo "Pageviews=". $_SESSION['views'];?> </body> </html> 43 Of 68

44 Sessions A simple page-views counter. The isset() function checks if the "views" variable has already been set. <?php session_start(); if(isset($_session['views'])) $_SESSION['views']=$_SESSION['views']+1; else $_SESSION['views']=1; echo "Views=". $_SESSION['views'];?> 44 Of 68

45 Sessions Destroying a Session The unset() function is used to free the specified session variable: <?php unset($_session['views']);?> session_destroy() function completely destroy the session: <?php session_destroy();?> 45 Of 68

46 MySQL 46

47 MySQL MySQL is the most popular open-source database system. The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. 47 Of 68

48 Database Tables Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products", "Customers" and "Orders". A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data. 48 Of 68

49 Database Tables Below is an example of a table called "Persons": 49 Of 68

50 Queries A query is a question or a request from database SELECT LastName FROM Persons 50 Of 68

51 PHPMyAdmin PHPMyAdmin is used for creating and administering MySQL database 51 Of 68

52 Creating Database sample 52 Of 68

53 Creating Table in Database 53 Of 68

54 Type 54 Of 68

55 Length/Values 55 Of 68

56 Table structure Perform SQL statement Delete Table Empty Table 56 Of 68

57 Inserting data into table 57 Of 68

58 Table Browse 58 Of 68

59 Importing Database Browse for file Start record from which row Choose format 59 Of 68

60 MySQL - Connect to a Database Before access data in a database, must create a connection to the database. mysql_connect(servername,username,password); Parameter servername username password Description Optional. Specifies the server to connect to. Default value is "localhost:3306" Optional. Specifies the username to log in with. Default value is the name of the user that owns the server process( root ) Optional. Specifies the password to log in with. Default is "" 60 Of 68

61 MySQL - Connect to a Database Closing a Connection : mysql_close() function <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", ""); if (!$con) { die('could not connect ); } // some code mysql_close($con);?> 61 Of 68

62 Query Executation Select a database mysql_select_db( databasename", connection name); mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); Execute query mysql_query("command sql ) mysql_query( select fname from person ); 62 Of 68

63 SQL-Insert Into The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table. It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms. INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) 63 Of 68

64 SQL-Insert Into <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost", root", "); if (!$con) { die('could not connect: ); } mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); mysql_query("insert INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age) VALUES ('Peter', 'Griffin', '35')"); mysql_query("insert INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age) VALUES ('Glenn', 'Quagmire', '33')"); mysql_close($con);?> 64 Of 68

65 SQL- Select The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database. SELECT column_name1, column_name2,, column_name_k FROM table_name where condition Condition is Comparison statement involves Comparison Operators like: =, >, >=, <, <=, <> 65 Of 68 v

66 SQL- Select mysql_fetch_array() function return the first row from the recordset as an array. Each call to mysql_fetch_array() returns the next row in the recordset. <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); $result = mysql_query("select * FROM Persons"); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo $row['firstname']. " ". $row['lastname']; echo "<br />"; } mysql_close($con);?> 66 Of 68

67 SQL- Select Display the Result in an HTML Table 67 Of 68 <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); $result = mysql_query("select * FROM Persons"); echo "<table border='1'> <tr> <th>firstname</th> <th>lastname</th> </tr>"; while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "<tr>"; echo "<td>". $row['firstname']. "</td>"; echo "<td>". $row['lastname']. "</td>"; echo "</tr>"; } echo "</table>";?>

68 SQL- Update The UPDATE statement is used to modify data in a table. UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value2,... WHERE some_column=some_value <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); mysql_query("update Persons SET Age = '36' WHERE FirstName = 'Peter' AND LastName = 'Griffin'"); mysql_close($con);?> 68 Of 68

69 SQL- Delete The DELETE statement is used to delete records in a table. DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); mysql_select_db("my_db", $con); mysql_query("delete FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Griffin'"); mysql_close($con);?> 69 Of 68

70 For more information Of 68

PHP Introduction. Some info on MySQL which we will cover in the next workshop...

PHP Introduction. Some info on MySQL which we will cover in the next workshop... PHP and MYSQL PHP Introduction PHP is a recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor -- It is a widely-used open source general-purpose serverside scripting language that is especially suited for