Submitting your Work using GIT

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1 Submitting your Work using GIT You will be using the git distributed source control system in order to manage and submit your assignments. Why? allows you to take snapshots of your project at safe points and to manage its history allows you to push your changes to my server for backup, help, and to submit your work allows me to run automated test cases on your behalf and give you feedback on your progress gives you a feel for what happens in real software and hardware development projects

2 GIT basics A git repository is a directory with a hidden subdirectory called.git The hidden sub-directory contains a full history of the contents of your directory You use git commands in order to inspect and manipulate that history You can also use it to collaborate with others git is not the only tool for doing source control but it is a good representative of modern source control systems.

3 Before you Start GIT tracks the author (name and ) of all changes. It will do a reasonable job of guessing your name and but it s a good idea to set those explicitly You do this using a pair of commands (replace the generic name and with yours) git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user. you@example.com Might as well tell it about your favorite editor (mine is vi): git config --global core.editor vi

4 Creating a Repository In this step we will create an empty repository named xyz. Make sure you re in a directory that doesn t have something with that name. git init xyz creates an empty repository and produces an output like: stick$ git init xyz Initialized empty Git repository in /v/filer4b/v41q001/gheith/learn/xyz/.git/ cd xyz git status produces an output like: stick$ git status On branch master Initial commit nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

5 Creating a File echo... > README creates a file git status now produces an output like: stick$ git status On branch master Initial commit Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) README nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) It says that there is an untracked file called README. An untracked file is one that git wasn t instructed to track.

6 Tracking a File git add README tells git to start tracking the file git status produces a slightly different output: stick$ git status On branch master Initial commit Changes to be committed: (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage) new file: README The command name is misleading; you didn t really make README part of the history yet; you just told git that the file exists

7 Committing your Change git commit -m added README tells git to commit your staged changes and produces: [master (root-commit) 8e8e828] added README 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode README Now your file is added to the history You can use git log to inspect history: The exact hex digits you get will be different from mine commit 8e8e828bf75cfeebf395a96c4a9f52991c36c29b Author: Ahmed Gheith <gheith@cs.utexas.edu> Date: Wed Jan 19 20:31: added README git status produces: On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean)

8 Making another change echo y >> README git status stick$ git status On branch master Changed but not updated: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: README no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") Again, git tells you the README has changed but it s not sure what you want to do with it. It does give you some hints on what to do. This time let s do git commit -a -m added line which tells git to commit all modified files stick$ git commit -a -m 'added line' [master 23f8e41] added line 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

9 A log with two commits git log should show two commit now stick$ git log commit 23f8e4157dc9ffaa854f826a115a5fcf27cc8c79 Author: Ahmed Gheith Date: Wed Jan 19 20:49: added line commit 8e8e828bf75cfeebf395a96c4a9f52991c36c29b Author: Ahmed Gheith Date: Wed Jan 19 20:31: Commit ID Author Time Message added README

10 The Simplistic Model HEAD master Commits git checkout... changes the HEAD reference and changes your working files to match the HEAD master~1 git reset --hard forgets all the changes you made in your working files. Use it with care. git status shows you the what changed in your working directory git diff shows you the actual changes git reflog shows you chronological order of what you ve been doing master~2 master~3 master~4 master~5 time (mostly)

11 What can you do with git? More than I care to enumerate but here are some basic examples: go back to a given commit git checkout master~2 show what changed between two commits git diff master~1..master undo the changes of a commit git revert master~2 find out who and when each line changed git blame push your changes to other git push, and pull their changes git pull do a binary search in your history to find the commit that started causing a failure git bisect

12 You can also branch Imagine you re working on a project and you re not sure of your design and wanted to experiment with a different design git checkout master~3 moves back three commits git checkout -b test creates and checks out a branch named test starting at the HEAD Now you can work on the branch and do commits

13 A branch master test master~1 test~1 master~2 master~3 master~4 master~5

14 You can also merge branches (but be prepared to deal with conflicts) git checkout master; git merge test master test

15 You can even rebase branches test test~1 git checkout test; git rebase master master master~1 Complex branching and merging are needed when groups start collaborating on projects. I don t expect a lot of that in our class. We will be creating branches but they will be simple master~2 master~3 master~4 master~5

16 Naming commits Using the SHA-1 signature (e.g. 9de0f962be94423b45469ec6c41c f904) or enough of it to make it unique (9de0f96) Using relative names (e.g. master~2) Using reflogs (e.g. week ago"}) You can also use tags to give symbolic names to commits (e.g. git tag almost_working ) GUI tools (git gui, git instaweb, Eclipse,...) will help you visualize the history and identify commits

17 Remote Repositories Remote Local C B A

18 Remote Repositories (clone) Remote Local C C B git clone git@noxml.com:logic B A A

19 Remote Repositories (do work) Remote Local E D C B A C B A

20 Remote Repositories (push) Remote Local E E D D C git push C B B A A

21 Assignment submission environment I have a dedicated server (noxml.com) that will be hosting remote repositories for the class. I want a file named ~gheith/dropbox/<yourcsid>.pub containing your RSA public key If you don t have an RSA public key, you can generate one by doing: ssh-keygen -t rsa This will generate a pair of files:.ssh/id_rsa this is your private key, keep it secret.ssh/id_rsa.pub this is your public key, you can share it Run the script at ~gheith/public/key.sh to copy your public key to my dropbox under the appropriate name I ll run an automated script (at 2AM every night for a week) that gets the information out of the drop-box, creates your repository, and sends you confirmation. Get this done before class on Tuesday (6/6/2012) if you want to be able to submit your first assignment

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