Modeling LMF compliant lexica in OWL-DL

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1 19 21 June 11th International conference DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Modeling LMF compliant lexica in OWL-DL Malek Lhioui 1, Kais Haddar 1 and Laurent Romary 2 1 : Multimedia, InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia 2 : Inria, Berlin, Germany

2 Motivation Ensuring interoperability across lexical representation frameworks Recent report called TAUS declared: The lack of interoperability costs the translation industry a fortune Fortune is spent to adjust data formats. Ontologies contribution in building such framework Information sharing and integrating Information description: provision of a clear semantic

3 Data modeling and ontologies Representing and managing the semantics of data formats Going beyond the capacities of existing schema language (typing, distance and contextual checking) Representing models and instances in a coherent way Making inferences on the structures Coherence control of data sources Data completion Comparison across heterogeneous sources or formats

4 General architecture Ontological modeling Logical classes and constraints Logical instances Tbox (terminological box) Abox (assertional box) XML data management XML documents

5 The LMF case ISO 24613:2008 Language resource management - Lexical markup framework (LMF) A semasiological meta-model for the representation of lexical data Complementary to TMF for terminological data Comes with a core package and extensions Morphological descriptions, syntactic constructs, semantics Provides a non-satisfactory XML serialization Great variation in LMF usages Large lexical projects work with the TEI

6 Objectives Automatic generation of ontologies for standardized lexical resources No resort to manual editing Preservation of lexical properties (attributes, cardinalities, relations ) Contribution to the building up of a lexical semantic web (cf. OntoLex W3C) Application to the Arabic language Ontology construction for Arabic are very deficient Cf. Baccar et al. Existing LMF compliant Arabic lexical editor

7 Main technical aspects OWL-DL as the optimal modeling framework Good compromise between expressive power and inference capabilities (OWL-Lite, OWL full) Based on a sound logical background DL: description logics (cf. Ian Horrocks) Well defined (model theoretic) semantics Formal properties well understood (complexity, decidability) Known reasoning algorithms Implemented systems (highly optimised)

8 MODELING LMF IN OWL-DL

9 Transformation Prototype Basic entries Building OWL-DL Entities Used Namespaces Basic elements LMF Header and Classes LMF SubClasses Restrictions LMF Properties LMF Relations LMF Cardinalities

10 Building OWL-DL Entities W3C: the set of entities is usually said to constitute the signature of an ontology Simplifying some entries in OWL modeling <!DOCTYPE rdf:rdf[ <!ENTITY xsd " <!ENTITY owl " <!ENTITY rdf " <!ENTITY rdfs " ]>

11 Used Namespaces Non ambiguous ontology Deduced directly from entities <rdf:description xmlns:owl=" xmlns:rdf=" xmlns:rdfs=" Schema#" xmlns:xsd=" xmlns:lmf=" ">

12 LMF Header and Classes Diagram <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <lexicalressource dtdversion="16"> <globalinformation> <feat att="languagecoding" val="iso 639-3"/> <feat att="scriptcoding" val="iso "/> </globalinformation> <lexicon> <feat att="language" val="arab"/> <lexicalentry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb"> <feat att="partofspeech" val="verb"/> <feat att="root" val=" ( ja/la/ssa )س-ل-ج "/> <feat att="scheme" val=" </"( faala )فعل <lemma> <feat att="writtenform" val=" جلس (jalassa)"/> <feat att="writtenform" val="-"/> <feat att="type" </"( sahih )صحيح"= val </lemma> </lexicalentry> </lexicon> </lexicalressource> Exist Example: <owl:class rdf:about="&lmf;lexicon"/> No Input Verification Existence in LMF Classes Example: <owl:class /> Yes Add Class Add attribut rdf:about="&entity;in put "

LMF Classes: Automatic Generation in :Lexical Resource

.* :Lexicon Language="arabic" 1 :Global Information

partofspeech="verb" ( jalassa )"س_ل_ج"= root ( faala

13 LMF Classes: Automatic Generation in :Lexical Resource dtdversion="16" 1..* :Lexicon Language="arabic" 1 :Global Information languagecoding="iso 639-3" scriptcoding="iso " OWL-DL 1..* :Lexical Entry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb" partofspeech="verb" ( jalassa )"س_ل_ج"= root ( faala )"فعل"= scheme 1 :Lemma "جلس"= writtenform (jalassa)»صحيح"= type (sahih) Hierarchical structure of the automatically built ontology Graphic structure of the automatic built ontology

LMF SubClasses Diagram Input: FormRepresentation <FormRepresentation> <feat att="writtenform" val="women"/> <feat att="grammaticalnumber" val="plural"/> </FormRepresentation> Output <owl:class

14 LMF SubClasses Diagram Input: FormRepresentation <FormRepresentation> <feat att="writtenform" val="women"/> <feat att="grammaticalnumber" val="plural"/> </FormRepresentation> Output <owl:class rdf:about="&lmf;formrepresentation "> <rdfs:subclassof rdf:resource="&lmf;representation"/> </owl:class> Exist No Example: <owl:class rdf:id="&lmf;formrepresentation"/> Example: <rdfs:subclassof rdf:resource="&lmf;representation"/> Input Verification Existence in LMF SubClasses Yes Add Class + rdf:id="&entity;input " Add mother class + rdf:resource="&entity; motherclass"

LMF Properties Input <GlobalInformation> <feat att="languagecoding" val="iso 639-3"/> <feat att="scriptcoding" val="iso 15924"/> </GlobalInformation> Output

</owl:datatypeproperty> <owl:datatypeproperty rdf:about="&lmf;scriptcoding"> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;string"/> <rdfs:domain

15 LMF Properties Input <GlobalInformation> <feat att="languagecoding" val="iso 639-3"/> <feat att="scriptcoding" val="iso 15924"/> </GlobalInformation> Output <owl:datatypeproperty rdf:about="&lmf;languagecoding"> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;string"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&lmf;globalinformation"/> </owl:datatypeproperty> <owl:datatypeproperty rdf:about="&lmf;scriptcoding"> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;string"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&lmf;globalinformation"/> </owl:datatypeproperty> Exist No Input Verification Existence in LMF attributes Yes Add DatatypeProperty+ rdf:about="&entity;input " Add range + domain rdf:resource="&entity; range or domain"

Information languagecoding="iso 639-3" scriptcoding="iso 15 924" 1.

16 :Lexical Resource dtdversion="16" 1..* :Lexicon Language="arabic" LMF attributes: : Automatic 1 Generation in OWL-DL :Global Information languagecoding="iso 639-3" scriptcoding="iso " 1..* :Lexical Entry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb" partofspeech="verb" ( jalassa )"س_ل_ج"= root ( faala )"فعل"= scheme Data Properties 1 :Lemma "جلس"= writtenform (jalassa) صحيح"= type " (sahih)

LMF Relations Input Aggregation between Lexical Resource and Lexicon Output <owl:objectproperty rdf:about="&lmf;has_lexicon"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&lmf;lexicalresource"/> <rdfs:range

17 LMF Relations Input Aggregation between Lexical Resource and Lexicon Output <owl:objectproperty rdf:about="&lmf;has_lexicon"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&lmf;lexicalresource"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&lmf;lexicon"/> </owl:objectproperty> Exist Input Verification Existence in LMF aggregation Yes Add ObjectProperty+ rdf:about="&entity;input " Add range + domain rdf:resource="&entity; range or domain"

18 LMF Relations: : Automatic Generation :Lexical Resource dtdversion="16" 1..* :Lexicon Language="arabic" 1 :Global Information languagecoding="iso 639-3" scriptcoding="iso " in OWL-DL Object Properties 1..* :Lexical Entry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb" partofspeech="verb" ( jalassa )"س_ل_ج"= root ( faala )"فعل"= scheme 1 :Lemma "جلس"= writtenform (jalassa) "صحيح"= type (sahih)

nonnegativeinteger">1</owl:mincardinality> </owl:restriction> </owl:class> No Exist Input Verification Existence in

19 LMF Cardinalities Input Cardinalities between Lexical Resource and Lexicon Output <owl:class rdf:id="lexical Resource"> <owl:restriction> <owl:onproperty rdf:resource="#has a lexica"/> <owl:mincardinality rdf:datatype="&xsd; nonnegativeinteger">1</owl:mincardinality> </owl:restriction> </owl:class> No Exist Input Verification Existence in LMF cardinalities Yes Add Restriction Add onproperty + mincardinality rdf:resource="&entity; Input" rdf:datatype="&entity; type"

20 INSTANTIATION EXAMPLE

21 LMF Instantiation Input <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <lexicalressource dtdversion="16"> <globalinformation> <feat att="languagecoding" val="iso 639-3"/> <feat att="scriptcoding" val="iso "/> </globalinformation> <lexicon> <feat att="language" val="arab"/> <lexicalentry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb"> <feat att="partofspeech" val="verb"/> <feat att="root" val=" ( ja/la/ssa )س-ل-ج "/> <feat att="scheme" val=" </"( faala )فعل <lemma> <feat att="writtenform" val=" جلس (jalassa)"/> <feat att="writtenform" val="-"/> <feat att="type" </"( sahih )صحيح"= val </lemma> </lexicalentry> </lexicon> </lexicalressource> No Exist Input Existence Verification instance Yes Add Individual + rdf:about="&entity;input " Add type + Data Properties + Object Properties assertions

22 Instantiation Example <owl:namedindividual rdf:about="lmfcoreontologies.owl#lexicon"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="lmfcoreontologies.owl#lexicon"/> <language rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">arabic</language> <has-lexicalentry rdf:resource="lmfcoreontologies.owl#kataba"/> </owl:namedindividual>

23 Instantiation Example (cont.) <! > <owl:namedindividual rdf:about="&lmfontologies;globalinformation"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="&lmfontologies;globalinformation"/> <scriptcoding rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">iso </scriptCoding> <languagecoding rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">iso 639-3</languageCoding> </owl:namedindividual> <! > <owl:namedindividual rdf:about="&lmfontologies;jalassa"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="&lmfontologies;lexicalentry"/> <morphologicalpatterns rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">intransitiveverb</morphologicalpatterns> <partofspeech rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">verb</partofspeech> <root < root />س_ل_ج<" rdf:datatype="&xsd;string <scheme < scheme />فعل<" rdf:datatype="&xsd;string </owl:namedindividual>

Information languagecoding="is O 639-3" scriptcoding="iso 15 924" Individuals 1.

24 :Lexical Resource dtdversion="16" 1..* :Lexicon Language="arabic" LMF Instantiation : : Automatic 1 Generation in OWL-DL :Global Information languagecoding="is O 639-3" scriptcoding="iso " Individuals 1..* :Lexical Entry morphologicalpatterns="intransitiveverb" partofspeech="verb" ( jalassa )"س_ل_ج"= root ( faala )"فعل"= scheme 1 :Lemma "جلس"= writtenform (jalassa) "صحيح"= type (sahih)

25 Conclusion and Perspectives Study the structure and representation of the LMF model Design an OWL-DL ontology that would be able to match its components maximally Make OWL-DL lexicons in any language easier to build Interoperable framework for the future developments modeling a family of interoperable formats

RDF /RDF-S Providing Framework Support to OWL Ontologies

RDF /RDF-S Providing Framework Support to OWL Ontologies Rajiv Pandey #, Dr.Sanjay Dwivedi * # Amity Institute of information Technology, Amity University Lucknow,India * Dept.Of Computer Science,BBA University