1. Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 2. Selenium Remote Control (RC) 3. Web Driver 4. Selenium Grid

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1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Selenium Selenium is a free (open source) automated testing suite for web applications across different browsers and platforms. Selenium focuses on automating web-based applications. Testing done using Selenium tool is usually referred as Selenium Testing. Selenium is not just a single tool but a suite of software's, each catering to different testing needs of an organization. It has four components. 1.1 Web Element 1. Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 2. Selenium Remote Control (RC) 3. Web Driver 4. Selenium Grid An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML document or web page, once this has been parsed into the Document Object Model. HTML is composed of a tree of HTML nodes, such as text nodes. Each node can have HTML attributes specified. 1.2 Locators In selenium before performing any actions like clicking, typing, selecting we have to find the Elements using locators. Locator is a command that tells Selenium IDE which GUI elements (say Text Box, Buttons, Check Boxes etc.) its needs to operate on. Identification of correct GUI elements is a prerequisite to creating an automation script. But accurate identification of GUI elements is more difficult than it sounds. Sometimes, you end up working with incorrect GUI elements or no elements at all! Hence, Selenium provides a number of Locators to precisely locate a GUI element. There are 8 types of locators: Id: id Select element with the attribute Ex: <div id="toolbar">...</div> Using script: WebElement Ele = driver.findelement (By.id ("toolbar")); Name: Name Select first element with the attribute Ex :< input name="register" class="required" type="text"/> Using script: WebElement register= driver.findelement (By.name ("register"));

2 Link Text: Link text Select link (anchor tag) element which contains text matching the specified link text Ex :< a href=" Using script: WebElement download =driver.findelement (By.linkText ("Downloads")); Partial-Link-text: Partial-Link-text Select link (anchor tag) element which contains text matching the specified partial link text Ex :< a href="seleniumhq.org">download selenium server</a> Using script: WebElement download = driver.findelement (By.PartialLinkText ("Download")); Tag Name: Tag Name Locate Element using a Tag Name Ex: Select select = new Select (driver.findelement (By.tagName ("select"))); Class Name: ClassName Locate Element using a class Name Ex: WebElement classtest =driver.findelement (By.className ( sample )); CSS Selector: Css Select the element using Css selectors Ex: WebElement CheckElements = driver.findelements (By.cssSelector ("input [id= ']")); XPath: XPath is designed to allow the navigation of XML documents, with the purpose of selecting individual elements, attributes, or some other part of an XML document for specific processing.there are two types of XPath: Native XPath/absolute path Absolute Xpath is navigating to that element in a direct XML navigation. Ex: html/head/body/table/tr/td

3 Here the advantage of specifying native path is, finding an element is very easy as we are mention the direct path. But if there is any change in the path (if something has been added/removed) then that XPath will break Relative XPath In relative XPath we will provide the relative path, it is like we will tell the XPath to find an element by telling the path in between. Advantage here is, if at all there is any change in the html that works fine, until unless that particular path has changed. Finding address will be quite difficult as it need to check each and every node to find that path. Example: //table/tr/td XPath by attribute Ex: //tag XPath by text Ex: //tag [text () ='textvalue'] XPath using contains Ex: //tag [contains attributevalue')] Ex: //tag [contains (text (),'textvalue')] Independent Dependent XPath Group Index 1.3 Problems faced in CssSelector and XPath? XPaths does not work well with internet explorer which is not the case with other browsers. With chrome and Firefox, it works. CSS works pretty well with internet explorer. But there are few times we don t find locators with CSS and hence we have to use XPaths. CSS will not support text, parent, ancestor, group index, but XPath supports all.

4 1.4 How to find XPath of particular WebElement? In Firefox: Install Firebug for Firefox.... Open the website that you want to inspect....ex: Click the Firebug button.... Click the element inspector button.... Click the web page element that you want to inspect.... Right-click the highlighted code in the Firebug panel.... Select "Copy XPath" from the menu. In chrome: Right click on any element you want XPath for and click on "Inspect Element". Then again inside the Inspector, right click on element and click on "Copy XPath" ex: go to Right click on login button, context menu will be displayed in that select inspect Copy, XPath INSTALLATION AND USAGE 2.1. Downloads :( Always use latest driver executable files) 1. Download driver executable ( ex: chrome driver, gecko driver,microsoft web driver) 2. Download selenium stand-alone server (Recommended) 2.2. How to Run Selenium: Open command prompt with administrative rights and navigate to path where selenium jar file(preferable selenium standalone server version 3.4.0) is stored No run the following command java jar selenium-server-standalone jar Now selenium is up and running you can start executing the scripts How to Create Project: 1. Login with the following credentials :

5 Username: demo Password:demo 2. Click on project 3. Click on add new Project Project Name: any name can be given according to your project and company standards.

6 Description: brief description about the project Selenium IP: or remote system IP address Selenium Port: port number 4444 Browsers: select the browser in which you wants to automate application Save: Save the project Preview: In order to verify the data given in each field use preview button Delete: Delete the project we can created To edit the project details, 4. To See Project List: Click on project List of created project will be shown:

7 1.5. Home Page: Features present in the home page: 1.6. Right Hand Navigation (RHN) Add Test Case Add Test Suite Add Function Add Test Case List Test Suite List Functions Elements Global Update

8 Projects Project details Recent test cases 1.7. Left Hand Navigation (LHS) Add Alert Add Assert Add Clear Add Input Field Add Page Reload Add Select Add Submit Add Wait Add Iframe Add Switch (Handle/Content) Add Mouse-Hover Add JavaScript Add Key press Add drag and drop RHN OF HOME PAGE 1. Add Test Case: To Add Test Case click on the link Add Test Case

9 Fill the details which is mandatory that is, Test case, Test case Description/Acton, Link, Expected result, Comments. Test Case: Specify standard name for the test case. (Good to specify project name_senerio-name which will be easy for you to search later) URL: Address of the particular application which need to be executed. Description/Acton: Give brief description about test case which is being executed. Expected result: Result which is expected once test case is executed. Comments: After the execution of test case write the comments (any execution comments or notes for future reference) Show Elements: Created elements will be shown here, if you want to use the elements drag the element present in the available entities to selected entities Continue script even if the elements fail? : stop the test case execution if an element fails or continue execution.

10 Close browser: Select the checkbox if you want the browser to be closed, once the test case is executed. Add file: Upload any documents for your reference. Save: Once all the fields are filled click on save button to save your test case. Preview: Just click on it to check the preview of entered values and save it. Delete: You can delete the created test case later if you don t want that it. 2. Add Test Suite: Add Test Suite is a collection of test cases which you can use to build different test suite based on module or specific criteria of your application flow. Click on Add Test Case Suite: Fill the mandatory details.

11 3. Add Function: Fill the mandatory details, Needed Test cases drag to right hand side to create Test Suite. Save: Save the test suite created Function contains bunch of elements, that we can use in different test cases To create the functions, Click on Add Function Fill the mandatory details, drag needed elements to right hand side to create functions

12 Save: Save the test suite created Note: 1. you can use function to group bunch of common elements like login but you will not get the detailed result of this function. 2. If you need detailed results click on clone of test case and edit what elements you need and run those test cases. 4. Test Case List: Created test case list will be listed here, if you want to search data driven test case then select yes in data driven search. Click on Test Case List, If test case block colour is green, it indicates test case has passed

13 If test case block colour is red, it indicates test case has failed If test case block colour is grey, it indicates test case is not yet executed. 5. Test Suite List:

14 Collections of test suites. We can search particular test suite by giving name of test suite in Name field. 6. Function: Click on Function Created functions list will be shown here.

15 7. Elements: Click on elements. Here we will get the list of elements created for that project. Created elements list for the project can be seen for that project. Actions: We can edit a particular element ID: ID of created element (which we can use it for If and Else condition of assert in data driven test. Name/Title: Name given to element which you specified while creating it Element Type: Type of that element. Example: click, clear, etc.

16 8. Global update: We can change the URL of test cases Click on global update Note: To change the URL of test case, select all the test cases and click on modify and then specify the URL and click on next the URL will be modified. 9. Projects/Project Details: To check the created project details. Name: Name of the project IP: Port: :4444

17 Browsers: user specified browser Actions: run and results can be see here Run: to execute the project View result: to see the result Note: In project run if you have not selected the test suite (under edit project) then all the created test suite will execute and all test suits results can be seen in view results. If elements is passed it will print pass in pass/fail column. If Elements is failed it will print fail in pass/fail column with screenshot. Test cases: List of test cases present in project Pass/Fail: No of test cases passed and failed in the project. Test suite: No of test suite present in the project Elements: No of elements created in the project. More details given in How to Create Project 2.3.

18 10. Recent Test Cases: Recently created and modified test case will be shown in this list. Click on test case name to get the below screen (where you will see all the content of the test case) Here we can edit the test case by clicking on edit option Clone: here we can create the duplicates of elements and test case using clone URL: URL given in the project

19 Action: To run the test cases Run: To Run/Execute the test case Result: Result of test case, if even one element is failed in test case, result will be saved as fail

20 LHS OF HOMEPAGE: 1. Add Alert: Alert is a small message box which displays on-screen notification to give user some kind of information or ask for permission to perform certain kind of operation. It may be also used for warning purpose. To handle this we use add alert. Click on Add Alert Fill the mandatory fields, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Pop up so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding.

21 Do you want wait for alert: If you want application to wait till the pop is displayed then select wait for alert. Alert action: Specify whether are you accepting the alert or not by selecting accept or dismiss Data driven for alert: Download the.csv excel file of alert and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to alert element. Updated excel file of alert Upload it. 2. Add Assert:

22 Assertions are used to perform various kinds of validations in the tests and help us to decide whether the test has passed or failed Fill the details Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to assert so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Assert by: Locators which you are using Condition: if, else: If assert passes then which condition to execute or if it fails which to execute. Select if or else or both and drag all those elements which has to be executed.

23 Assert wait second: If application is slow then assert cannot find the element at that time we have to specify wait if your application is slow. Data Driven for Add Assert: Download the.csv excel file of Assert and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Assert element. 3. Add Clear: Clear: clear ( ) predefined method of Selenium 'Web Driver' Class is used to clear the text entered or displayed in the text fields. To handle this we use Add Clear.

24 Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Clear so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Clear the test field by: We can clear text field using any of the locator i.e. id, XPath, Css Data Driven for Add Clear: Download the.csv excel file of Clear and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Clear element. Updated excel of clear

25 Upload it. 4. Add Click: Click: Click element using JavaScript Executor. In Selenium Web driver, we can just use element. Click () method to click on any element. Click on Add Click,

26 Fill the details Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Click so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Click events by: Locators which are using to find the path. X offset (scroll): If you have scroll inside an elements specify X coordinate Y offset (scroll): If you have scroll inside an elements specify Y coordinate Data Driven for Add Click: Download the.csv excel file of Click and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Click element.

27 Updated excel of click Upload it 5. Add Input Fields: It is used to handle sendkeys method is basically used to type some content into an editable field. Click on Add Input Fields,

28 Fill the details Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Input fields, so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Input fields by: Choose the locators and add input elements Data Driven for Add Input Fields: Download the.csv excel file of Input Fields and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Input Fields element.

29 Updated Excel file of Add Input Field Upload it. 6. Add Page Reload: Sometimes we need to refresh the web page to ensure that all the elements are loaded. In some of the cases we see that for the first attempt all elements are not loaded but if we load the page for the second time we see that all the components are loaded. So to refresh the page we use Add Page Reload. Ex: driver. Navigate().refresh();

30 driver.findelement(by.id("gbqfq")).sendkeys(keys.f5); Click on Add Page Reload Fill the details Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Page reload so that it is easy for you to search and modify later.. Do you want to reload the page: yes/no Data Driven for Add Page Reload: Download the.csv excel file of Page Reload and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Page Reload element.

31 Updated excel of page reload. Upload it. 7. Add Select: Select is a class which is provided by Selenium to perform multiple operations on Dropdown object and Multiple Select object. Here we can select the values like, Select By value, Select By index, Select By Visible Text these are the methods of select class. Ex:selectByIndex(int index),selectbyvisibletext(java.lang.string text), SelectByValue (java. Lang. String value)

32 Click on Add Select, Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Select, so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Select (list) fields by: Select option: select by value, select by index, select by visible text Data Driven for Add Select: Download the.csv excel file of Select and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Select element.

33 Updated Excel of select Upload it 8. Add Submit:

34 Selenium web driver software testing tool has one method to submit any form and that method name is submit (). Submit () works same as clicking on submit button. Submit can be done in many ways like, click (), sendkeys (), JavaScriptExecutor, Autoit. Click on Add Submit, Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Submit, so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Field submit by: Select the locator for submit Is submit Ajax based: If submit is Ajax based then select yes else select no

35 Data Driven for Add Submit: Download the.csv excel file of Submit and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Submit element. Updated excel od submit Upload it

36 9. Add Wait: Process of matching the selenium speed with the application is called Synchronisation. If application is slow then we may get NoSuchElementException even though locators are correct then, we need to slow down selenium execution using wait method. Ex: driver.manage ().timeouts ().implicitly Wait (TimeOut, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait (WebDriverRefrence, TimeOut); Click on Add Wait, Fill the details,

37 Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Wait so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Add wait by: Select the locator and enter wait time Data Driven for Add Wait: Download the.csv excel file of Wait and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Wait element. Updated excel file of wait Upload it

38 10. Add I-frame: I-frame is a web page which is embedded in another web page or an HTML document embedded inside another HTML document. The Iframe is often used to insert content from another source, such as an advertisement, into a Web page. The <iframe> tag specifies an inline frame. We can identify the iframe using methods given below: 1. Right click on the element, if you find the option like 'This Frame' then it is an iframe. 2. Right click on the page and click 'View Page Source' and Search with the 'iframe', if you can find any tag name with the 'iframe' then it is meaning to say the page consisting an iframe. How to switch over the elements in iframe using Web Driver commands: 1. By Index: Ex: driver.switchto ().frame (0); 2. By Name or Id: Ex: driver.switchto ().frame ("id of the element"); 3. By Web Element: Ex: driver.switchto ().frame (WebElement); Click on Add Iframe,

39 Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Iframe so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Search to iframe by: Select the locators and enter the iframe. Data Driven for Add Iframe: Download the.csv excel file of Iframe and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Iframe element.

40 Updated Excel file of iframe Upload it

41 11. Add Switch (Handle/Content): Some web applications have many frames or multiple windows. Selenium Web Driver assigns an alphanumeric id to each window as soon as the Web Driver object is instantiated. This unique alphanumeric id is called window handle. Ex: String handle= driver.getwindowhandle (); Ex: Set<String> handle= driver.getwindowhandle (); //Return a set of window handle Switch command: Web Driver supports moving between named windows using the switch To method, it is used to switch from one window to another window. Ex: driver.switchto ().window ("windowname"); Click on Add Switch. Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate.

42 Element name/ Title: Give a name to Switch (Handle/Content) so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Switch: switch to new window, switch to window handle, switch by page title, and switch to default content should be selected according to your application Data Driven for Add Switch: Download the.csv excel file of Switch and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Switch element. Updated excel file of switch Upload

43 12. Add Mouse-Hover: Performing Mouse-hover and Keyboard functions we use Actions class in selenium. First we need to create new action builder instance by passing the web driver instance, Ex: WebElement searchbtn = driver.findelement (By.id ("searchbtn")); Actions action = new Actions (driver); action.movetoelement (searchbtn).perform (); Click on Add Mouse-hover, Fill the details,

44 Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Mouse hover, so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Mouse-hover by: Select which locator you want to use and specify mouse hover Data Driven for Add Mouse-hover: Download the.csv excel file of Mousehover and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular Mouse-hover element. Updated excel of Mouse-hover

45 Upload it 13. Add JavaScript: JavaScriptExecutor is an interface which provides mechanism to execute JavaScript through selenium driver. 2 methods are there in it, 1. Execute Script () 2. ExcecuteAsyncScript () Click on Add JavaScript,

46 Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to JavaScript so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. JavaScript: Enter any JavaScript you want to enter to support you script. Data Driven for Add JavaScript: Download the.csv excel file of JavaScript and enter the locators with its value save the file (Control + S). After updating excel sheet upload it to the particular JavaScript element.

47 Updated excel of JavaScript Upload it 14. Add key press: To handle special keyboard actions we use key press.

48 Click on Add key press, Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Key press so that it is easy for you to search and modify later. Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Key press element by: Select any locator and specify key press. 15. Add Drag and drop:

49 Some web application, have a functionality to drag web elements and drop them on defined area or element. We can automate drag and drop of such elements using Add drag and drop. Click on Add Drag and Drop Fill the details, Page Title: Page which we want to automate. Element name/ Title: Give a name to Drag and Drop so that it is easy for you to search and modify later.

50 Description: Specify some description about that element for future modification and understanding. Drag and Drop by: Select the locator and specify the source and destination for drag and drop (Source is drag and destination is drop)