Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 201
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1 iw3htp_08.fm Page 201 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <!-- Fig. 8.1: welcome.html --> 3 4 <HTML> 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>A First Program in JavaScript</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 document.writeln( 10 "<H1>Welcome to JavaScript Programming!</H1>" ); 11 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 14 </HTML> Title of the HTML document Location and name of the loaded HTML document Script result Fig. 8.1 A first program in JavaScript.
2 iw3htp_08.fm Page 202 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 202 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 8.2: welcome.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Printing a Line with Multiple Statements</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 document.write( "<FONT COLOR='magenta'><H1>Welcome to " ); 10 document.writeln( "JavaScript Programming!</H1></FONT>" ); 11 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 14 </HTML> Fig. 8.2 Printing on one line with separate statements.
3 iw3htp_08.fm Page 203 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 8.3: welcome.html --> 4 5 <HEAD><TITLE>Printing Multiple Lines</TITLE> 6 7 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 8 document.writeln( 9 "<H1>Welcome to<br>javascript<br>programming!</h1>" ); 10 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 13 </HTML> Fig. 8.3 Printing on multiple lines with a single statement.
4 iw3htp_08.fm Page 204 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 204 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 8.4: welcome.html --> 4 <!-- Printing multiple lines in a dialog box --> 5 6 <HEAD> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 window.alert( "Welcome to\njavascript\nprogramming!" ); 10 </SCRIPT> </HEAD> <BODY> 15 <P>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p> 16 </BODY> 17 </HTML> Title bar The OK button allows the user to dismiss (or hide) the dialog box. The dialog box is automatically sized to accommodate the string. Mouse cursor Fig. 8.4 Displaying multiple lines in a dialog box.
5 iw3htp_08.fm Page 205 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 205 Escape sequence Description \n Newline. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the next line. \t Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop. \r Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the current line; do not advance to the next line. Any characters output after the carriage return overwrite the previous characters output on that line. \\ Backslash. Used to represent a backslash character in a string. \" Double quote. Used to represent a double quote character in a string contained in double quotes. For example, window.alert( "\"in quotes\"" ); displays "in quotes" in an alert dialog. \ Single quote. Used to represent a single quote character in a string. For example, window.alert( \ in quotes\ ); displays in quotes in an alert dialog. Fig. 8.5 Some common escape sequences.
6 iw3htp_08.fm Page 206 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 206 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 8.6: Addition.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>An Addition Program</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var firstnumber, // first string entered by user 10 secondnumber, // second string entered by user 11 number1, // first number to add 12 number2, // second number to add 13 sum; // sum of number1 and number // read in first number from user as a string 16 firstnumber = window.prompt( "Enter first integer", "0" ); // read in second number from user as a string 19 secondnumber = window.prompt( "Enter second integer", "0" ); // convert numbers from strings to integers 22 number1 = parseint( firstnumber ); 23 number2 = parseint( secondnumber ); // add the numbers 26 sum = number1 + number2; // display the results 29 document.writeln( "<H1>The sum is " + sum + "</H1>" ); 30 </SCRIPT> </HEAD> 33 <BODY> 34 <P>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p> 35 </BODY> 36 </HTML> Fig. 8.6 An addition script in action (part 1 of 2).
7 iw3htp_08.fm Page 207 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 207 Fig. 8.6 An addition script in action (part 2 of 2).
8 iw3htp_08.fm Page 208 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 208 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 number1 45 Fig. 8.7 Memory location showing the name and value of variable number1.
9 iw3htp_08.fm Page 209 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 209 number1 45 number2 72 Fig. 8.8 Memory locations after values for variables number1 and number2 have been input.
10 iw3htp_08.fm Page 210 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 210 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 number1 45 number2 72 sum 117 Fig. 8.9 Memory locations after a calculation.
11 iw3htp_08.fm Page 211 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 211 JavaScript operation Arithmetic operator Algebraic expression JavaScript expression Addition + f + 7 f + 7 Subtraction - p c p - c Multiplication * bm b * m Division / x x / y x / y or - or x y y Modulus % r mod s r % s Fig Arithmetic operators.
12 iw3htp_08.fm Page 212 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 212 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 Operator(s) Operation(s) Order of evaluation (precedence) ( ) Parentheses Evaluated first. If the parentheses are nested, the expression in the innermost pair is evaluated first. If there are several pairs of parentheses on the same level (not nested), they are evaluated left to right. *, / or % Multiplication Division Modulus + or - Addition Subtraction Evaluated second. If there are several, they are evaluated left to right. Evaluated last. If there are several, they are evaluated left to right. Fig Precedence of arithmetic operators.
13 iw3htp_08.fm Page 213 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 213 Step 1. y = 2 * 5 * * 5 + 7; 2 * 5 is 10 (Leftmost multiplication) Step 2. y = 10 * * 5 + 7; 10 * 5 is 50 (Leftmost multiplication) Step 3. y = * 5 + 7; 3 * 5 is 15 (Multiplication before addition) Step 4. y = ; is 65 (Leftmost addition) Step 5. y = ; is 72 (Last addition) Step 6. y = 72; (Last operation assignment) Fig Order in which a second-degree polynomial is evaluated.
14 iw3htp_08.fm Page 214 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 214 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 Standard algebraic equality operator or relational operator JavaScript equality or relational operator Sample JavaScript condition Meaning of JavaScript condition Equality operators = == x == y x is equal to y!= x!= y x is not equal to y Relational operators > > x > y x is greater than y < < x < y x is less than y >= x >= y x is greater than or equal to y <= x <= y x is less than or equal to y Fig Equality and relational operators.
15 iw3htp_08.fm Page 215 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 8.14: comparison.html --> 4 <!-- Using if statements, relational operators, --> 5 <!-- and equality operators --> 6 7 <HEAD> 8 <TITLE>Performing Comparisons</TITLE> 9 10 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 11 var first, // first string entered by user 12 second; // second string entered by user // read first number from user as a string 15 first = window.prompt( "Enter first integer:", "0" ); // read second number from user as a string 18 second = window.prompt( "Enter second integer:", "0" ); document.writeln( "<H1>Comparison Results</H1>" ); 21 document.writeln( "<TABLE BORDER = '1' WIDTH = '100%'>" ); if ( first == second ) 24 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + " == " + second + 25 "</TD></TR>" ); if ( first!= second ) 28 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + "!= " + second + 29 "</TD></TR>" ); if ( first < second ) 32 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + " < " + second + 33 "</TD></TR>" ); if ( first > second ) 36 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + " > " + second + 37 "</TD></TR>" ); if ( first <= second ) 40 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + " <= " + second + 41 "</TD></TR>" ); if ( first >= second ) 44 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + first + " >= " + second + 45 "</TD></TR>" ); // Display results 48 document.writeln( "</TABLE>" ); 49 </SCRIPT> </HEAD> Fig Using equality and relational operators.
16 iw3htp_08.fm Page 216 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 216 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 52 <BODY> 53 <P>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p> 54 </BODY> 55 </HTML> Fig Using equality and relational operators.
17 iw3htp_08.fm Page 217 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 217 Fig Using equality and relational operators.
18 iw3htp_08.fm Page 218 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM 218 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting Chapter 8 Fig Using equality and relational operators.
19 iw3htp_08.fm Page 219 Thursday, April 13, :30 PM Chapter 8 JavaScript/JScript: Introduction to Scripting 219 Operators Associativity Type () left to right parentheses * / % left to right multiplicative + - left to right additive < <= > >= left to right relational ==!= left to right equality = right to left assignment Fig Precedence and associativity of the operators discussed so far.
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