APT Log Analysis - Tracking Attack Tools by Audit Policy and Sysmon - Shusei Tomonaga JPCERT Coordination Center

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2 APT Log Analysis - Tracking Attack Tools by Audit Policy and Sysmon - Shusei Tomonaga JPCERT Coordination Center

3 Self-introduction Shusei Tomonaga Analysis Center at JPCERT/CC Malware analysis, Forensics investigation. Written up posts on malware analysis and technical findings on this blog and Github

4 Challenge of Incident Response Many hosts need to be investigated for APT Incident Response. Logs required for investigation are not always recorded. Difficult to detect Lateral Movement. 3

5 Approach If you know what logs are recorded with the lateral movement tools, IR will be easier. For lateral movement, a limited set of tools are used in many different incidents. There are some common patterns in the lateral movement methods. 4

6 This Presentation Topics Overview of APT Incident and Lateral Movement Tools Used by Attackers for Lateral Movement How to Track Lateral Movement 5

7 1 2 3 Overview of APT Incident and Lateral Movement Tools Used by Attackers for Lateral Movement How to Track Lateral Movement 6

8 Overview of APT Incident and Lateral Movement 1. Infection 2. Initial investigation 5. Sending stolen data Target Network 3. Internal Reconnaissance 4. Spread of infection AD/ File Server 7

9 1 2 3 Overview of APT Incident and Lateral Movement Tools Used by Attackers for Lateral Movement How to Track Lateral Movement 8

10 Tools Used by Attackers at Lateral Movement Attackers use not only attack tools but also Windows commands and legitimate tools. Why attackers use Windows commands and legitimate tools? They are not detected by antivirus software. 9

11 Research of Tools Used by Attackers Research Methods Investigating C&C servers in three operations. APT17 (named by FireEye) Dragon OK (named by Palo Alto) Blue Termite (named by Kaspersky) 10

12 Lateral Movement: Initial Investigation Initial investigation Collect information of the infected host The most used command is tasklist. If the attacker is not interested in the infected host, they will escape soon. 11

13 Windows Command Used by Initial Investigation Rank Command Count 1 tasklist ver 95 3 ipconfig 76 4 systeminfo 40 5 net time 31 6 netstat 27 7 whoami 22 8 net start 16 9 qprocess query 14 12

14 Lateral Movement: Internal Reconnaissance Internal Reconnaissance Look for information saved in the machine and remote hosts within the network The most used command is dir. The attacker investigates confidential data stored in the infected host. For searching the network, net is used. 13

15 Windows Command Used by Internal Reconnaissance Rank Command Count 1 dir net view ping net use type net user 95 7 net localgroup 39 8 net group 20 9 net config net share 11 14

16 NET Command net view Obtain a list of connectable domain resources net user Manage local/domain accounts net localgroup Obtain a list of users belonging to local groups net group Obtain a list of users belonging to certain domain groups net use Access to resources 15

17 Example: dir command Searching Network Drive > dir FILESV01 SECRET > %TEMP% a.txt FILESV SECRET Directory 2014/07/11 09:16 [DIR] Management of Partner Companies 2014/09/04 11:49 [DIR] Management of Intellectual Property Searching Document Files > dir c: users hoge *.doc* /s /o-d c: users hoge AppData Local Temp Directory /s : Displayed recursively /o-d : Sorted by date 2014/07/29 10:19 28, doc 1 File 28,672 bytes c: users hoge Important Information Directory 2015/08/29 10:03 1,214 Design Document.doc 16

18 Lateral Movement: Spread of Infection Spread of infection Infect the machine with other malware or try to access other hosts The most used command is at. at command is not supported on Windows 10, Windows 8.1 etc. If "at" command can not be used, schtasks is used. Uses password and hash dump tools. 17

19 Windows Command Used by Spread of Infection Rank Command Count 1 at reg 31 3 schtasks 29 4 wmic 24 5 wusa 7 6 netsh advfirewall 4 7 sc 4 8 rundll

20 Remote Command Execute Used Windows Command at command > at [IP Address] 12:00 cmd /c "C: windows temp mal.exe" schtasks command > schtasks /create /tn [Task Name] /tr C: 1.bat /sc onstart /ru System /s [IP Address] 19

21 Remote Command Execute Used Windows Command wmic command > wmic /node:[ip Address] /user: [User Name] /password: [PASSWORD] process call create cmd /c c: Windows System32 net.exe user 20

22 1 2 3 Overview of APT Incident and Lateral Movement Tools Used by Attackers for Lateral Movement How to Track Lateral Movement 21

23 How to Track Lateral Movement The Event logs that can be used for incident response are not recorded with default Windows settings. How to get evidence of executed tools? We propose a detection method using Audit Policy and Sysmon. 22

24 Lateral Movement Tracking by Audit Policy and Sysmon Research Methods Testing 44 attack tools on the host that installed Sysmon and enabled Audit Policy. OS Windows 7, 8.1, 2008 and 2012 Sysmon Version 4 Test tools 17: Windows Commands 27: Attack Tools 23

25 Test Tools List Windows Commands wmic PowerShell at winrm winrs BITS RDP ntdsutil vssadmin net user net use net share icacls wevtutil csvde ldifde dsquery Legitimate Tools PsExec sdelete WebBrowser PassView Remote Desktop PassView Mail PassView Password Dump Tools PWDump7 PWDumpX WCE Mimikatz lslsass Find- GPOPasswords.ps1 gsecdump Quarks PwDump 24

26 Test Tools List Exploits MS MS MS SDB UAC Bypass Other Tools wmiexec.vbs BeginX Htran Fake wpad timestomp 25

27 Results Overview Detected 37 out of 44 attack tools using Audit Policy and Sysmon. Settings Detect Not Detect Default Settings 6 38 Sysmon / Audit Policy

28 Detected with Default Windows Settings The tools installed by default in Windows leave execution traces of evidence. Detected tools example (Default installed tools only) RDP at WinRM, WinRS wevtutil BITS 27

29 Detected with Sysmon and Audit Policy If Sysmon and Audit Policy are enabled, many attack tools can be detected. Detected tools example WCE Mimikatz net command csvde Privilege Escalation Exploit etc. 28

30 Sysmon and Audit Policy record many logs Source Host (Default Setting) Destination Host (Default Setting) Process Execution, Connection Request, and File Access are not recorded. 29

31 Sysmon and Audit Policy record many logs Source Host (+ Sysmon) Destination Host (+ Sysmon) Process Execution (Sysmon: 1) Connection Request (Sysmon: 3) Inbound (Sysmon: 3) Process Execution (Sysmon: 1) Inbound (Sysmon: 3) Outbound (Sysmon: 3) Process Terminate (Sysmon: 9) Process Terminate (Sysmon: 9) 30

32 Sysmon and Audit Policy recode many logs Source Host (+ Audit Policy) Destination Host (+ Audit Policy) Process Execution (Sysmon: 1 Audit: 4688) Connection Request (Sysmon: 3 Audit: 5156) Inbound (Sysmon: 3 Audit: 5156) Logon (Audit: 4624) Send Command (Audit: 5156) Inbound (Audit: 5156) Process Execution (Sysmon: 1 Audit: 4688) Object Access (Audit: ) Inbound (Sysmon: 3 Audit: 5156) Outbound (Sysmon: 3 Audit: 5156) Process Terminate (Sysmon: 9 Audit: 4689) Process Terminate (Sysmon: 9 Audit: 4689) 31

33 Do we need Sysmon? Answer: YES Audit Policy can record more logs than Sysmon. However, Audit Policy can not record command line options. Sysmon can record all command line. 32

34 Example of Detecting with Audit Policy [1] When the attack tool is executed, the fact that a temporary file may be created is recorded. Example: WCE wceaux.dll 33

35 Example of Detecting with Audit Policy [2] When the attack tool is executed, the fact that a temporary file may be created is recorded. Example: csvde csv[number].tmp 34

36 Event ID for Audit Policy ID Overview ID Overview 4624 Account logon 4689 Process termination 4634 Account logoff 4720 Account creation 4648 A specified logon attempt by a particular account 4726 Account deletion 4656 A handle request for reading or writing an object 4728 Addition of a member to a group 4658 Ending the use of and releasing of a handle 4729 Removal of a member from a group 4690 Duplication of an existing handle for use in other processes 4768/ 4769 An authentication request for an account 4660 Deleting an object 4946 Addition of a Windows Firewall rule 4663 Access made to an object 5140 Access to network share 4661 A handle request to SAM 5142 Creation of a new network share 4672 Assignment of special privileges to a particular logon instance 5144 Deletion of a network share 4673 Execution of a process requiring particular privileges 5145 Confirmation of whether a file share point can be used 4688 Startup of a process 5154 Port listening by an application or service 35

37 Example of Detecting with Sysmon All Windows commands can be recorded by Sysmon. Example: net use Command details cmd /c = Remote shell Malicious process name that executed the command. 36

38 Event ID for Sysmon ID Overview Supported Version 1 Process creation 2 A process changed a file creation time 3 Network connection 4 Sysmon service state changed 5 Process terminated 6 Driver loaded 7 Image loaded 8 CreateRemoteThread 9 RawAccessRead 10 ProcessAccess 11 FileCreate RegistryEvent (Object create and delete) RegistryEvent (Value Set) RegistryEvent (Key and Value Rename) FileCreateStreamHash

39 Tools not Detected with Sysmon and Audit Policy Example PWDump7 gsecdump lslsass Mail PassView WebBrowserPassView Remote Desktop PassView dsquery 38

40 More Details About This Research Released a research report. Detecting Lateral Movement through Tracking Event Logs How to download. _research.html 39

41 More Details About This Research Describes the 44 tools in this report. 40

42 Notes The amount of logs increases when the audit policy is enabled, and log rotation accelerates. When enabling the audit policy, consider changing the maximum size of event logs to be stored. The maximum size of event logs can be changed with Event Viewer or the wevtutil command. 41

43 Future Work This report will be updated. Support Windows 10 Update Sysmon version 5 Add forensic architecture USN Journal, AppCompatCache, UserAssist etc. Add network architecture Proxy, Firewall etc. Add other attack tools 42

44 Conclusion Typically, limited set of tools and commands are used for Lateral Movement. Many attack tools can be detected with audit policy and Sysmon. Our report would be helpful if you are investigating APT incidents. 43

45 Thank you! Please give us feedback. 44