PALSTAT s.r.o. Quality control systems PALSTAT CAQ version FMEA 07/ Table of contents

Transcription

1 1 Table of contents 1 Table of contents Introduction Basic control Launching the SW Palstat FMEA Launcher SW Palstat and opening the program Access rights to the program Main Menu File from the screnn List Filter Printing History of changes End Tools Auxiliary databases and numerical lists Numerical lists Kinds of FMEA Processes Classification of processes according to the FMEA kinds Defects Entering a new defect Classification of defects according to the FMEA kinds Causes Criteria Classification Groups Auxiliary databases Copying the tree List of registered users Change in the names of items Settings Help Main bookmarks of the program List bookmark Data in the information strip Combined filter Copying a FMEA Reporting Flowchart Head bookmark Creating a new FMEA Modifying a current record Deleting the current record Kind (FMEA) "Part" item "Customer" item Team Review Page 1 of 35

2 5.2.9 Measures with an above-critical MRP FMEA bookmark Processes Entering records Deleting records Checking and Technical Procedures Acts preformed in the operation Defects Defects assigned to the act Effect Defect importance Defect classification Picture accompanying a defect Causes Measures Setting tasks related to measures Copying the tree items Copying and moving within one FMEA Copying between different FMEAs FMEA tree development Page 2 of 35

3 2 Introduction The PALSTAT FMEA program is auxiliary tool used to plan and increase the quality of products, services and processes, which may be used in any field or branch. The primary task is to prevent defects from occurring, their detection and subsequent removal in accordance with the requirements of QS-9000 and VDA. The program may run on an independent computer as well as in a computer network. For this case it is equipped with a system of passwords, user rights and authorisations. The program is suitable for applications in the field of construction development or manufacturing technology. 2.1 Basic control The basic control is described in the basic Palstat CAQ handbook and is identical for all modules in the Palstat CAQ system. The basic control includes work with a list, creation, modification and deletion of records, retrieval, creation of auxiliary databases, printed outputs and other acts. Page 3 of 35

4 3 Launching the SW Palstat FMEA The SW is launched from the Palstat launcher, its functions are described in the Basic manual PALSTAT CAQ. Launcher see the following picture. 3.1 Launcher SW Palstat and opening the program This window displays program icons, to which the user has the allowed access and set access rights in the SW User database and the settings in the Launcher. If you cannot see the icon in the launcher, you do not have an user access and rights in the SW User database. The SW FMEA is opened by clicking the appropriate icon. 3.2 Access rights to the program Setting up the login names and their permissions to individual modules PALSTAT CAQ and the initial default user password is done in a separate module User database, which is part of the installation PALSTAT CAQ and its operations are described in a separate manual. Overview of setting specific access rights for individual modules is described more clearly in the separate manual. Page 4 of 35

5 4 Main Menu 4.1 File from the screnn List Filter The combined filter serves to look up in a database according to a few criteria at the same time see the description of the combined filter above. Notice: The function of a combined filter is accessible in the List menu only from the List bookmark and it is the same with the icon to open the filter on the bar Printing It serves to print actually selected FMEA analyses. The printed outputs are common for all kinds of FMEA. The equivalent of launching the print from the menu is the icon History of changes It shows an overview of history of entering data depending on the setting of items through the Change in the name of items function see below. An empty overview of the history of items is in the picture. Page 5 of 35

6 4.1.4 End It terminates the program run. Equivalent is also using the shortcut key Alt + F4 and the icon. 4.2 Tools Auxiliary databases and numerical lists Auxiliary databases of the FMEA program are filled in the tool menu -. The purpose of the auxiliary databases is to make work with filling in database items as easy for users as possible and to accelerate it in the maximum scope. Before the work in the FMEA module is started, it is suitable to fill the auxiliary databases and numerical lists at first. The numerical lists are distinguished by means of an icon with an arrow. The auxiliary databases and numerical lists, except for classification, may be maintained in three languages. Information from auxiliary databases and the numerical list may be printed or exported to Excel Numerical lists An item from a numerical list is linked in the module to the particular data in a numerical list. If the description in the numerical list is changed, the information in the program will be changed as well. If a record from a numerical list already used is to be deleted, the user is Page 6 of 35

7 warned and the deletion of the record will be blocked, or this information will be deleted in the module. Certain numerical lists, e.g. the list of defects, are common to more modules Kinds of FMEA The list of FMEA kinds into which the individual FMEA records are to be classified is defined here. Furthermore, other specific properties depending on the kind (criteria, processes) are defined through selection of the FMEA kind. When a new kind is created, the code of the FMEA kind must be determined. This code may consist of the maximum number of three characters and must be unique. Another compulsory box that must be filled in is a description of the kind in the primary language (it is Czech as standard in the picture below). The Require Part box defines whether the FMEA of the given kind requires specification of the part number from the database of parts while being filled in. Individual FMEA kinds may also be set a state of being active or inactive. Each FMEA kind may also be set the value of importance for determination of a critical defect in an arbitrary manner. According to the FMEA methodology, the maximum level is 9, but this value may be made stricter by the user to be in the range 1 9. In the setting, the function requiring an additional measure for a critical defect may be activated Processes This numerical list serves to define analysed processes easily and to identify them unambiguously. The numerical list contains basic technical and organisational procedures. Page 7 of 35

8 Processes are entered and modified directly in the table with use of the tool bar. When a new process is created, the code and description must be filled in in the primary language (it is Czech in this case). The process code must be unique. Descriptions in the other languages are optional. Texts in the list are simple descriptions of analysed processes and operations. The main task is to express information as briefly as possible. If the process contains more operations (e.g. assembly) with defects shown in different ways, it is suitable to list the operations as separate processes Classification of processes according to the FMEA kinds Processes must be classified according to the FMEA kinds so that the processes are accessible for creation of FMEA. In the upper part of the window there is a pull-down menu with a list of kinds. The ticking boxes indicating whether the given process is (ticked) or is not (not ticked) assigned to the given kind are activated in the list of processes through selection of the kind. When a FMEA of the given kind is created, it is only the list of the selected processes that is displayed Defects This numerical list serves to identify the analysed defects of individual processes easily and unambiguously. Each analysed process may contain a file of defects. The numerical list may have an arbitrarily definable multi-level structure of groups and sub-groups of defects. Each level and each defect is designated using a unique numerical code. Particular defects are in the relevant level without any other unpacking button. Using the right mouse button the whole structure may be unpacked or packed or all items may be designated or their designation may be cancelled Entering a new defect A defect is entered on a relevant level according to the position in the tree of defects. E.g. if the first top tree item is selected in a tree, then a defect is entered on the relevant level according to the selection after the new record button is pressed from the tool bar. Page 8 of 35

9 4.2.8 Classification of defects according to the FMEA kinds Classification of defects according to the FMEA kinds follows the same rules as classification of processes (see the section entitled Classification of defects according to the FMEA kinds). The only difference lies in ticking the tree items. If a tree item is crossed, all subordinate items are ticked automatically. The subordinate items also behave accordingly if the ticking is cancelled. The superior items then change their style of ticking according to the state of subordinate items, i.e. if all subordinate items are ticked, then the ticking box is white, if not, it is greyish. Any changes made in ticking should be confirmed (saved) or cancelled by pressing the relevant buttons from the database navigation panel Causes This numerical list serves to identify, analyse and describe causes of individual defects of processes easily and unambiguously. Each analysed defect may contain a set of causes. The procedure of entering causes and classifying the causes according to the kinds of FMEA is entirely the same as in the case of numerical list of defects Criteria Assessment of importance, occurrence and detectability of a defect in a part is specified here: Assessment of importance expresses the meaning of a consequence of a possible defect for the customer. Assessment of occurrence expresses how often a certain cause may be expected to occur. Assessment of detectability is an estimate of probability that the proposed type of measures will detect a possible cause or that the proposed type may detect a subsequent appearance of a defect before the part leaves the point of processing. Page 9 of 35

10 In the window with individual criteria, there is a tree structure of FMEA kinds, where each kind has its own criteria of importance, occurrence and detectability. The text fields for individual grades of assessment are then completed in the relevant language on the lowest level. Pre-completed criteria are only informative. Descriptions of the criteria may be modified in any manner. The scale of grades from 1 to 10 is used for each assessment. The rate of risk/mrp priority, which is the product of the values of the point assessment of importance, occurrence and detectability, will be calculated on the basis of this assessment. In the code list Criteria you can choose only the criteria of active kinds of FMEA. The selection is launched using the right mouse button Classification In the case of the Classification item, after a primary selection and subsequent clicking by the right mouse button on the relevant item for a symbol a menu will be displayed where a particular graphical symbol may be assigned from the file (Open option), or from the box (Insert option). Page 10 of 35

11 Groups The task of the groups is to take individual assessment criteria of importance, occurrence and detectability into account in the MRP value. The criticality determines the priority for classification of MRP into a group. The MRP may be suitable for more groups and therefore the classification follows the value of criticality. MRP is therefore classified into a suitable group with the maximum criticality. The criterion interval determines the limit values which the criterion concerned must comply with so that MRP may be classified in a certain group. If the interval is not determined for a certain criterion, then the criterion value does not affect its classification into a group. Description of the button functions in the Groups window: Move up Move down By moving the group you can change the criticality (the moving group gets the criticality of the jumped one and vice versa). The buttons are active only in case, that the list is classified according to the criticality (see the picture). Actualisation of the criticality row The criticality of each group shall be renumbered in such a way that the currently sorted list is numbered from top one to the bottom (1, 2, 3,...). Page 11 of 35

12 Auxiliary databases Information from an auxiliary database only serves to speed up the entry of a record, data may be edited and deleted in any manner regardless of their use in the program. The following auxiliary databases are used in the FMEA program: Copying the tree This function is described in the section entitled Copying between different FMEAs List of registered users It displays information about users currently using the module. Page 12 of 35

13 Change in the names of items It switches the module over to the mode where the descriptions and settings of individual fields may be changed by users Settings The window with a possibility of changing settings of program properties. Firstly the basic setting of a critical value of MRP is performed here and the requirement for an additional measure in the case of a critical defect with a certain level of importance that is set for any FMEA kind separately and cannot be higher than 9 is dealt with. Furthermore the types of individual documents that may be linked through a documentation form to the given FMEA may be set. The displaying format must contain at least one of the key words CODE and NAME. These key words will be substituted by the code, or by the process name (defects, causes). Further you can set the types of individual documents, which can be connected through the documentation form to the given FMEA (the right picture). Page 13 of 35

14 4.3 Help Help for FMEA it will open help for the FMEA module. On FMEA application it will display a window with detailed information on the program. Page 14 of 35

15 5 Main bookmarks of the program After the program is started and the user is logged in, the main window of the program divided into a few bookmarks appears. Moving from one bookmark to another is done in the lower part of the window by clicking the left mouse button on the relevant bookmark. List Head FMEA The list of all FMEAs created in the database is found on this page. A FMEA may also be looked up in this part according to the criteria specified. Basic information on the selected FMEA, which forms the head of the FMEA form, is displayed here. This part of the program enables the FMEA implementation itself. 5.1 List bookmark The table contains a list of all FMEAs created in the database. Each FMEA created is identified by its number, its kind is defined, and it relates to a certain part selected from the database of parts. If the kind of FMEA does not require that the part number is to be filled in, then it does not have to be related to any part. Page 15 of 35

16 5.1.1 Data in the information strip In the information strip located in the upper part of the window, in addition to the basic information about the current record FMEA number and kind Combined filter The combined filter serves to look up in the database according to several criteria at the same time. Work with combined filters is described in the basic handbook Palstat CAQ Copying a FMEA Before the copying is started, the new FMEA number which must be unique, or a new number of the change, must be selected. Copying a FMEA tree is only possible of the kind of the newly copied FMEA is the same as the kind of the original FMEA. If a tree is copied, the copying depth may be specified. E.g. if the Processes and Defects columns are ticked in the copying section, then a tree having only processes and defects will be copied into the new FMEA. Ticking individual columns will be regulated by the tree logic, which means for instance that if you cancel the ticking of a defect, then the ticking of subordinate items, i.e. causes and measures, will be cancelled automatically. Page 16 of 35

17 If you press the button displayed, you will activate enhanced functions of copying a tree, where you have a possibility to select items from the tree of the original FMEA, which you want to copy and which not. The selection of tree items is carried out by ticking the relevant box at each tree item. By ticking a tree item, all subordinate items will automatically be ticked. The subordinate items also act in a corresponding manner if the ticking is cancelled. The superior items then change their style of ticking according to the state of subordinate items, i.e. if all subordinate items are ticked, then the ticking box is white, if not, it is greyish. You can start the copying itself by pressing the "OK" button. This process may take some time (depending on the network speed above all in the case of network operation). The process becomes interrupted by pressing the Cancel button. Page 17 of 35

18 5.1.4 Reporting This functionality serves to define an arbitrary question from the database. E.g. to select remedial measures not fulfilled by a certain date, to find a measure depending on the specified MRP value, to look up processes, defects and causes according to a set parameter, etc. The result is data generated in the form of a table, or also a chart. The Reporting module is part of some other modules but it may also operate separately. This is the reason why its control is explained in a separate handbook Flowchart To every FMEA you can connect one flowchart. The flowchart opens by clicking the appropriate button on the tool bar (see the picture bellow). Page 18 of 35

19 After clicking this button a window appears for editing the flowcharts. The controls of the module Flowcharts are described in the separate manual. In the right part of the window is a panel with current data of the relevant FMEA. The upper panel displays the basic identification information from the header of FMEA and the connected part. At the bottom of the window is placed a list of processes that are associated with the FMEA. The information from the data panel can be dragged and dropped (using Drag & Drop) to the left, model part of flowcharts. If there is already some data item placed in a flowchart, then it is grey in the data panel and can not be moved back into the flowchart. Flowchart can be switched into the appropriate languages. Assuming that the data are filled in predefined auxiliary databases for each language that was used in the creation of FMEA. 5.2 Head bookmark Any and all important registration information is displayed in the Head bookmark. Page 19 of 35

20 5.2.1 Creating a new FMEA When a new FMEA is being entered by means of the new record button, from the tool bar, the program automatically switches to the Head bookmark where the relevant items must be filled in. Those marked in yellow must be filled in. Furthermore the FMEA number must be unique (more details see the Head bookmark). The entering is cancelled by pressing the Cancel button and the program goes to the last record in the list Modifying a current record By pressing the button to edit a record or by changing the value in the editing field you will commence modification of information about the complaint selected at the moment. After the information is modified to the required form, you may store the changes by means of the Store changes button or you may cancel it by means of the Cancel changes button. The records changed this way are stored and available from the menu of the History of changes, of course depending on the setting of monitoring individual fields by means of the Change in the name of items function see below Deleting the current record You will delete the currently selected FMEA analysis from the database by means of the Delete record button. This act is irreversible, i.e. information that was once deleted may not be renewed (except for its new entering in the program) Kind (FMEA) The field of determining what kind of FMEA it is. The data are taken from the preset database, which is defined by the SW contractor. The different types of FMEA are given by in accordance with the provisions describing the issue "Part" item The Part item may only be selected from the database of parts. The window with selection will be displayed by clicking on the button. If the part has already been deleted and an empty item must be refilled in, it is necessary to select the delete function in this window. Page 20 of 35

21 If the part has already been entered, its detail is available under the following button. Detailed information about the particular part will be displayed subsequently. If necessary, this part may be opened directly in the Database of Parts module, the control of which is described in a separate handbook "Customer" item The Customer item may only be selected from the database of contacts. The window with selection will be displayed by clicking on the button. If the customer has already been entered and an empty item must be refilled in, it is necessary to select the delete function in this window. Page 21 of 35

22 If the customer has already been entered, its detail is available under the following button. Detailed information about the particular contact will be displayed subsequently. If necessary, this contact may be opened directly in the Database of Contacts module, the control of which is described in a separate handbook Team The problem-solving team is also appointed in this part of the window. Individual members may be entered either arbitrarily through entering a new member manually or through selection from the Database of Users after pressing the button and confirming by means of subsequently. Individual members may be withdrawn in a similar manner by means of the button Review Changes made in the relevant FMEA are registered in this list. NOTICE: These changes are not registered automatically, they must be filled in. A new line with the possibility of detailed review in the note field is activated by pressing the button for a new record. Page 22 of 35

23 5.2.9 Measures with an above-critical MRP A list of measures with an above-critical MRP is displayed in the lower part of the window. The critical MRP value is determined in the program setting. After the Pareto button is pressed, Pareto analysis, which may be attached to the list area by means of the button, will be displayed. After double-clicking on a measure the program will go to the FMEA bookmark where the current position in the tree is set according to the selected measure. Furthermore, after clicking on the Critical Defects" box, those causes and measures having an above-critical importance of defect regardless of the MRP size will also be displayed in the list. The critical importance of defect is set to the value of importance for the relevant kind of FMEA in the setting in auxiliary databases. As standard, this is the value of importance according to methodology 9 and 10, but it may be made stricter to a lower value. The critical MRP value and the requirement for an additional measure in the case of a defect with critical importance may be set in the setting. After clicking on the Only current measures box, only those measures that have not been solved yet through an additional measure will be displayed. 5.3 FMEA bookmark This part of the program enables FMEA implementation itself. It enables work with the tree structure of the FMEA system. After the right mouse button is pressed, the whole FMEA tree structure, or a certain branch only, may be packed or unpacked simply. Page 23 of 35

24 The FMEA tree is located in the left part of the window. Panels with detailed information concerning the individual items of the tree are in the right part. Individual items of the tree are obtained from relevant numerical lists. The button for a new record, which is located above the FMEA tree, is used to enter new items of the tree. The offer for a new record is changed according to the current position in the relevant level of the tree structure (on a process, on a defect or on a cause). The information stripe shows in its right part whether a measure belonging to a certain group, which are defined in the part of an auxiliary database, occurs in the FMEA concerned. At the same time the name of the group is displayed at the relevant measure see the total display of the FMEA bookmark above Processes To the processes can be connected parameters (dimensions) of the corresponding parts. If the FMEA does not have the intended part, it is not possible to add features. Page 24 of 35

25 5.3.2 Entering records After a new process is entered, the window with a list of processes that are assigned to the current kind of FMEA appears. You will then select the relevant process from a numerical list and the process will be recorded in the tree structure using the OK button or by clicking the left mouse button on the process selected. If it is necessary to create a new process, it is possible to press the Modify Data button. The form will subsequently go to the editing mode of auxiliary databases directly without the need to leave the entering of the process. Modifications of auxiliary databases are described in detail in the relevant chapter Deleting records Deleting individual records The Delete button with selection of the relevant level of the tree structure is used to remove a process from the tree structure. All subordinate items, i.e. defects and causes, will also be deleted together with the process (the measures for the deleted causes will be deleted too). The process ordinal number (sequence of operations as following one another) is generated automatically in the order field. The processes may then be ordered directly in the FMEA tree through dragging by the mouse (Drag&Drop method). CAUTION: If in the tab FMEA is selected the cause, then by the button delete/remove the record appears the arrow to select the deleting of causes or actions. After switching the tabs the arrow remained visible. Page 25 of 35

26 Mass erasure in the FMEA tree For this purpose serves the button on the bar in the screen FMEA Show/Hide checkbox. In this screen FMEA is allowed to see the check box for the tree items (indicated with a frame) tree). Checked items can be deleted at once using the command Delete selected under the icon Delete entry Checking and Technical Procedures A particular FMEA analysis may be linked with a specific technical procedure for the given part. The premise is that you use the eponymous software module Palstat. All operations from this procedure will be generated to the empty tree structure of FMEA processes. The condition is creation of this procedure in a separate module Checking and Technical Procedures. The following picture shows a detailed procedure of linking the technical procedure operations to the structure of processes. Page 26 of 35

27 Operations from technical procedures may not be assigned if the FMEA structure has already been established including further relations even if any manually entered process occurs. If the FMEA is linked to a technical procedure, individual processes may not be deleted. In the information stripe, FMEA is, with assigned through the technical procedure, this information is visible Acts preformed in the operation You can enter more detailed acts to every process, which describe the process more closely. Page 27 of 35

28 5.3.6 Defects After a new defect is entered, a window appears with a tree of defects that are linked to the current kind of FMEA. The function of the Modify Data button is described in the previous chapter (Processes). The relevant defect must be selected from a numerical list (only the defects having the leaf icon may be selected) and is entered in the tree structure using the "OK" button or by doubleclicking of the left mouse button on the selected defect. The defect name and Description and Consequence boxes will appear automatically in the right part, where it may be specified in further details. The Delete button with a selection of the relevant level of the tree structure is used to remove the defect from the tree structure. All subordinate items, i.e. causes, will also be deleted together with the defect (remedial measures of the deleted causes will also be deleted) Defects assigned to the act Each potential defect is possible to specify, to which particular act of the process it applies. After opening the window Acts in the part defect appears the offer of the acts defined to the process. From all the offered tasks defined for the process to select the act under which the defect may occure. Page 28 of 35

29 5.3.8 Effect The effect can be added in several ways. If the goal is to enter an effect, it is possible to enter directly into the field or use a preset database directly next to the field Effect. If it is intended to enter few effects that the user wishes to individually evaluate by the significance, it is possible to perform that in the field which appears after clicking the marked button. In the field Severity appears then the highest evaluation from all the evaluations of individual effects Defect importance In the case of a defect its importance must be filled in. The value of importance may be entered directly in the relevant editing window, by clicking on the buttons or through selection from a list by pressing the button. After this button is pressed, a window appears with a list of assessment criteria corresponding to the current kind of FMEA. Editing the criteria is described in detail in the section dealing with auxiliary databases. Page 29 of 35

30 Defect classification Furthermore each effect may be classified in detail in a relevant category that is selected from an auxiliary database which may serve to indicate special characteristics of the product. In the numerical list of auxiliary databases, the relevant classification may be assigned any graphical symbols that may also be shown in printed outputs. This functionality is explained in detail in the Auxiliary Databases section Picture accompanying a defect Each defect may also be linked to a picture of the given defect. If you click on the picture button (highlighted in the picture below), an internal graphical editor of the Palstat CAQ will be started, where you can modify the picture for the given defect. The manner of controlling the module is described in a separate handbook. The icon of Launching the function displays, if the picture is or not added. Picture is not added Picture is added Page 30 of 35

31 Causes Any defect possible is accompanied with a description as large as possible of all causes that may be taken into account for the given defect. The procedure for adding the causes in the tree structure is similar to the entering of the defect (see above). Filling in an occurrence and detection of a defect is done in the same manner as filling in the importance of defect (previous paragraph), i.e. it may be entered directly in the relevant editing window, by clicking on the buttons or through selection from a list of assessment criteria by pressing the button. After this step is completed, the rate of risk/mrp priority, which is the product of the values of the point assessment of importance, occurrence and detectability, will be calculated automatically. By the causes, which have the defined Occurrence and Detection appears the graphical mark in the tree see the picture. The same warning system is also in the bar see the picture Page 31 of 35

32 Measures Additional measures must be taken with regard to defects having high MRP. The procedure for adding measures in the tree structure is similar to the entering of a defect (see above). The buttons of this control panel - - serve to provide navigation in additional measures. The "single right arrow" button may also be used to create a new measure, namely if the cause does not have any measure yet or if the last measure has been selected. The marked button must be clicked on to assign a description to the new measure. A dialogue window will be displayed for a description of the measure in relevant languages. After the marked button is pressed, a list with a selection of particular measures will be displayed. More records may be selected by means of the mouse while the Ctrl key is pressed at the same time. Individual measures may be added later using a similar manner. Page 32 of 35

33 Other items are entered using a similar method. If the function (measures to be required in the case of a critical defect) is activated in the setting, an additional measure is created for such defect; this must be filled in and furthermore it cannot be deleted. You can specify the type to the action whether it relates to current prevention or current detection. There is also possible to record the state in light of the filling. When changing the status to Finished you must fill the compliance date. If not filled, it automatically adds the actual date of performing the record. To change the status from Finished to the other can not be made directly. It is necessary to cancel the compliance date. During this operation, the action state is automatically deleted. Then it is possible to change the status to the desired value. Press the icon to display a list of all actions. Page 33 of 35

34 Setting tasks related to measures Any number of tasks may be set in relation to the additional measures by means of the button specified below. After the button has been pressed, a dialogue window will appear with a list of tasks (if any) set in relation to the given measure. Other tasks may be set if necessary. The system of internal communication by means of the Management of Tasks module is described in a separate handbook. The icon of Launching the function displays, if the picture is or not added. Picture is not added Picture is added 5.4 Copying the tree items Copying and moving within one FMEA The moving is carried out directly in the tree structure by transferring individual items by means of the mouse, the so-called Drag&Drop method. Click on an item of the tree with the left button and hold the button pressed. Drag the mouse then and move the selected item to the selected position. Moving the items has logical limitations, however. It is clear that e.g. a process cannot be moved to a position of a cause. Therefore, if you want to copy a defect from one process to another one, you will only be able to move a defect to an item of another process. The moved defect will be placed at the end in the series of defects of the given process. Items may also be moved within one branch. In this case, it is only their order that is changed. The copying is done similarly, it is only necessary to press the Shift button before clicking on an item in the tree. Page 34 of 35

35 5.4.2 Copying between different FMEAs If you press the button in the tool bar, the dialogue window appears for the copying of trees from a FMEA other than the current one. The copying is done by means of the mouse again and follows the same rules as the copying within one FMEA (see above). Buttons to confirm/cancel the changes made will appear in the upper part of the window. The changes are recorded in the database after the "Store" button is pressed. 5.5 FMEA tree development A panel to monitor the FMEA development is located on the FMEA bookmark under the tree structure. This panel serves to monitor changes in the FMEA tree in a certain time period. The changes in the tree may be monitored either according to the FMEA reviews or directly according to a particular date. Page 35 of 35