ITP 140 Mobile App Technologies. Colors

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Austen Patterson
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1 ITP 140 Mobile App Technologies Colors

2 Colors in Photoshop RGB Mode CMYK Mode L*a*b Mode HSB Color Model 2

RGB Mode Based on the RGB color model Called an additive color model because adding all the colors together produces white which reflects all light back to the eye RGB

3 RGB Mode Based on the RGB color model Called an additive color model because adding all the colors together produces white which reflects all light back to the eye RGB colors are created by setting red, green and blue to values between When all three values are 0, black is produced. When all three values are 255, is produced. 3

4 Color RGB Color Model Red Green Blue (0, 0, 0) is black (255, 255, 255) is (255, 0, 0) is red (0, 255, 0) is green (0, 0, 255) is blue (255, 255, 0) is yellow (0, 255, 255) is cyan (255, 0, 255) is magenta 4

CMYK Mode Base colors are (C), (M), (Y) and black (K is used to distinguish it from B for blue) Theoretically, C, M, and Y combined should produce pure black Called a subtractive color model In

5 CMYK Mode Base colors are (C), (M), (Y) and black (K is used to distinguish it from B for blue) Theoretically, C, M, and Y combined should produce pure black Called a subtractive color model In reality, pure black is not produced with this combination of inks so black is included White is produced when all values are set to 0% Used in images that will be output to a print medium using ink 5

L*a*b Mode Based on the human perception of color Designed to be device-independent Consistent color viewed on a monitor screen or printed 3 color components L (lightness component) is the brightness

6 L*a*b Mode Based on the human perception of color Designed to be device-independent Consistent color viewed on a monitor screen or printed 3 color components L (lightness component) is the brightness value and ranges from 0 to 100 a component (green-red axis) ranges from +127 to -128 b component (blue-yellow axis) and ranges from +127 to -128 Used internally by Photoshop in converting from one color mode to another 6

7 HSB Color Model A color model, not a color mode Provides an intuitive way to mix and adjust colors HSB stands for Hue, Saturation, and Brightness A hue is a shade of color such as orange, blue, purple Saturation determines the strength of the hue Brightness is the lightness/darkness of a color 7

8 What's the #? The value after the # is a hexadecimal number 8

9 Decimal Our numbering system is decimal Dec means 10 Example a decathlon has 10 events The unique 10 digits that make up the decimal numbering system are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 We say that decimal is base 10 9

10 Example of Decimal 231 = = 2 * * 10 1 * 1 = 2 * * *

11 Binary Computers use magnetic memory (or transistors) for storing information Smallest capacity for storage is a single magnetic charge, either positive or negative Positive charge means a 1 Negative charge means a 0 The 2 digits that we use for binary are 0s & 1s The digits in a binary number are called bits (short for binary digit) Binary is base 2 Binary Exponent Decimal

12 Example of Binary 1010 = 1 * 2 3 = 0 * * * * 8 0 * 4 1 * 2 0 * 1 = = 10 12

13 Binary (4 bit) to Decimal Binary à Decimal Binary à Decimal With 4 bits, we get the values of 0 15 If the binary number ends with a 1, it is odd 13

14 Binary (8 bit) to Decimal Binary à Decimal

15 Bits & Bytes With 8 bits (binary digits), we get the decimal values of bits = 1 byte Remember the RGB color mode Each color has a value from 0 to 255 We use 8 bits (or 1 byte) for each color 8 x 3 (3 colors) = 24 bits to store color 15

Reverse of Binary to Digital Decimal to Binary 25 10 = 16

16 Reverse of Binary to Digital Decimal to Binary = = =

17 Repeat Division Decimal to Binary 25 / 2 = 12 + remainder of 1 (LSB) 12 / 2 = 6 + remainder of 0 6 / 2 = 3 + remainder of 0 3 / 2 = 1 + remainder of 1 1 / 2 = 0 + remainder of 1 (MSB) = LSB = Least Significant Bit MSB = Most Significant Bit Algorithm of Repeat Division 17

18 Geek Joke 18

19 Hexadecimal We often represent computer data in hexadecimal hex = 6 and dec = 10 hexadecimal = = 16 It is base 16 The unique 16 digits are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f 0 9 and a f (or A F) Every 4 bits is a single hex digit Since 4 bits can represent numbers from 0 to 15 19

Bin (4 bit) à Dec & Hex Binary B à D Decimal Hex 0000 0+0+0+0 0 0 1010 8+0+2+0 10 A

20 Bin (4 bit) à Dec & Hex Binary B à D Decimal Hex A B C D E F 20

21 Bin (8 bit) à Hex & Dec Binary B à H Hex B à D Dec F F A F C FF

22 Bits, Bytes & Hex Combine 8 bits, and we have a byte 4 bits is a single hex digit Examples: 0000 binary = 0 hex, 1111 binary = F hex 8 bits = 2 hex digits Easy to represent a byte in hexadecimal Examples: = = = = FF 16 22

23 Computer Graphics Traditionally, computers use a combination of 3 colors (red, green, blue) to represent the color of every pixel on the screen Every pixel has an intensity equal to one byte for every color called the RGB color Pixel = smallest unit for representing an image on a computer dots on the screen Smallest intensity for a color in a pixel is (8 bits) Largest intensity for a color in a pixel is (8 bits) Black = # #FFFFFF Everything with colors on a computer can be done with math! To lighten a color, simply add to the intensity, to darken simply decrease the intensity 23

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