Goals and topics. Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Network Media T Circuit switching networks. Topics. Packet-switching networks
|
|
- Elmer Sullivan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Verkkomedian perusteet Fundamentals of Media T Antti Ylä-Jääski / AYJ lide 1 Goals and topics protocols Discuss how packet-switching networks differ from circuit switching networks. Discuss the basic protocols like network IP protocol and transport protocols TCP and UDP / AYJ lide 2 Topics protocol (IP) IP version 6 Transport protocols (TCP, UDP) / AYJ lide 3 Circuit switching networks Traditional telephone networks operate on circuit switching basis (TDM). A call setup procedure reserves resources (time slots) across the network. Connect, communicate, disconnect. The allocated resources cannot be used for other users as long as the call is on. This is suitable for phone calls. Inefficient for computer applications: Information comes on bursts. Amount of information transferred is small / AYJ lide 4 transfer blocks of information called packets. Matched to computer applications. Can also support real-time telephony. Examples of packet networks are (IP) packet networks. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). tatistical multiplexing -> efficiency. Packet networks can be viewed from two perspectives. External view: What is the service that the network provides for the user how services are provided. Internal view: What is the internal operation of the network physical topology of the network / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 6
2 services in general ome service and network viewpoints. Connectionless / connection-oriented. ingle block / sequence of information. Choice of services Quality-of-ervice. service peer-to-peer operation. topology. working via routers. Connectionless (datagram) networks: is not informed in advance about an intent to transfer information. Connection-oriented networks: is informed about a new information flow to be applied / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 8 t0 The essential function of a network is to transfer information among users. ingle block of information. equence of blocks. t1 can provide a choice of services to the user of the network: Best-effort connectionless service. Low-delay connectionless service. Connection-oriented reliable stream service. Connection-oriented transfer with delay and bandwidth guarantees. t0 t / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 10 In the next picture: Peer-to-peer transport protocols operate endto-end across a network - protocol stack view. The network service is visible to the transport through the network service interface. All that matters to the user is the interface. It is irrelevant how the the network operates. Messages Transport service Data link egments Data link Data link Messages Transport service Data link / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 12
3 Packet network topology - MUX Packet network topology - access Node M U X Bridge / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 14 Possible topologies bus star ring wireless Packet network topology - Campus erver To erver Backbone erver / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 16 Packet networks - working Packet network - working Main trend in telecommunications 1980->. Interconnection of separate communications networks into an internetwork. Local area networks (). Metropolitan area networks (MAN). Wide area networks (WAN). Interconnected via routers. Increasing capacities in local and wide area. = network of networks. MAN WAN MAN / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 18
4 transfer blocks of information called packets. Packet switching networks are matched to computer applications. Packet network examples: IP and ATM. Also packet networks can provide Qo. Visible service vs internal operation. Packet network topologies / AYJ lide 19 protocols - TCP/IP The (IP) enables communication across networks that are based on different technologies. Any host computer can communicate with any other computer in the. offers ubiquitous connectivity and the economies of scale from large deployment / AYJ lide 20 protocols - TCP/IP offers two basic communication services on top of IP. (TCP). User datagram protocol (UDP). Any application protocol that operates on top of either TCP or UDP automatically operates across the. Therefore the provides a ubiquitous platform for the deployment of network-based services / AYJ lide 21 protocols - TCP/IP. (IP). IP addressing. IP version 6. Transport protocols: TCP and UDP / AYJ lide 22 The model has four s. TCP / UDP network TCP / IP architecture / AYJ lide 23 The TCP/IP protocol suite usually refers not only to TCP (Transmission control protocol) and IP ( ). Also related protocols like UDP (User Datagram ), ICMP ( Control Message ). Also the basic applications such as HTTP, Telnet and FTP / AYJ lide 24
5 Consider a case when HTTP GET command is passed to the TCP. TCP encapsulates message in TCP segment. The segment header contains an ephemeral port number for the client process, and port 80 for the HTTP server process. TCP segment is passed to the IP where it is encapsulated in an TCP packet. IP header has destination network address / AYJ lide 25 Header contains source and destination port numbers (80) Header contains source and destination IP addresses; transport protocol type (6) Header contains source and destination physical addresses; network protocol type IP header Ethernet header TCP header / AYJ lide 26 HTTP request Frame check ome applications make use of TCP (FTP, HTTP) and some use UDP (NMP, DN). The protocol data units (PDU) exchanged by the peer protocols are called: TCP segments. UDP datagrams. IP packets. TCP and UDP deliver packets to applications based on the port numbers / AYJ lide 27 Each host in the is identified by a globally unique IP address. IP address is divided into two parts: ID, and Host ID. ID is obtained from an organisation authorized to issue IP addresses. The transfers packets based on IP network addresses using routers / AYJ lide 28 Machine A Transport interface 1 outer / gateway interface 2 Machine B Transport interface provides a single service: Best-effort connectionless packet transfer. IP packets are exchanged between routers without connection setup Packets are routed independently, and Packets may traverse different paths. The gateways interconnecting the intermediate networks may drop packets. ecovery from losses -> transport / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 30
6 The model has four s. TCP / UDP network TCP / IP architecture / AYJ lide 31 The The (IP) is the heart of TCP/IP protocol suite. IP corresponds to the network in the OI reference model. IP provides a connectionless and besteffort delivery service. Connectionless: no virtual circuit needs to be established before data transfer begins / AYJ lide 32 The The Best-effort indicates, that IP will try its best to forward packets, but does not guarantee delivery to destination. Best-effort also indicates, that IP does not make guarantee of Qo. s requiring high reliability must implement reliability within higher- protocol (TCP). IP packet format. IP header has fixed-length component of 20 bytes (5x32bit), plus a variable-length component of options up to 40 bytes / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 34 IP version 4 header Version IHL Type of service IP version 4 header Total length Identification Flags Fragment offset Time to live Header checksum Options ource IP address Destination IP address Padding / AYJ lide 35 IP version 4 header Version: IP version number used, e,g,, 4, 6. header length: in 32 bit words (5). Type of service: priority. 3 bits precedence, 4 bits requirements (delay, reliability, ). In practice ignored by most routers. Total length: #bytes include header & data. Identification, flags, fragment offset: fragmentation and reassembly / AYJ lide 36
7 IP version 4 header Time to live: time in seconds for the packet to remain in the network. Number of hops router decrements by one. : protocol at the destination; TCP=6, UDP=17, ICMP=1. Header checksum: verify header integrity. ource IP address, destination IP address. Options: variable length, special features such as security level, rarely used. Padding: make header 32 words multiple / AYJ lide 37 IP addressing Each computer on the has unique address. IPv4 address has fixed length 32 bits. Two-level hierarchy: ID identifies the network where the host is connected to. Host ID identifies network connection of the host rather than the host. Packets routed based on network ID / AYJ lide 38 IP addressing Host Class A address: 7 bits 24 bits Class B address: 14 bits 16 bits Class C address: 21 bits 8 bits Class D address: multicast Class E address: experimental IP version 6 IPv4 has 32 bits for addresses. The large growth of during 90 s due to WEB. IP addresses will be exhausted. Already early 1990s IETF IPng. IP version 6 IPv / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 40 IP version 6 Longer address fields: 32 bits - > 128 bits. impler header format. upport for options: extension header. Flow label capability: support flows, Qo. ecurity: authentication and confidentiality. Large packets: jumbo payload (don t use). Fragmentation at source only: not routers. No checksum field / AYJ lide 41 IP version 6 header Version Traffic class Flow label Payload length Next header Hop limit ource IP address Destination IP address / AYJ lide 42
8 IP version 6 IPv6 addresses divided three categories: Unicast, Multicast, Anycast. Addresses organised into hierarchies. Extension headers (six defined): hop-by-hop, routing, fragment, authentication, security, destination options / AYJ lide 43 The model has four s. TCP / UDP network TCP / IP architecture / AYJ lide 44 User datagram protocol UDP is an unreliable, connectionless transport protocol. It is very simple and provides two additional services on top of IP: Demultiplexing. Error checking on data. UDP determines among applications. UDP checks integrity of the datagram. Using UDP: DN, NMP, TP. User datagram protocol ource port UDP length Data UDP datagram Destination port UDP checksum / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 46 TCP provides reliable, connectionoriented stream service over IP. TCP implements congestion control. TCP allows flow control that allows the receiver control the sender transmit rate. TCP supports multiple application processes in the same end system. TCP provides data in error-free order. Before data transfer can begin, TCP establishes a connection. TCP may split the original data sequence into any number and size of segments. eceiver recovers original information. TCP deals with 32 bit sequence numbers. eceiver sends ACK segment to inform the sender for receiving a segment / AYJ lide / AYJ lide 48
9 When a segment arrives, receiver performs error check. eceiver puts the segment into buffer since segments may come in false order. eceiver sends ACK when all segments up to some level have arrived. There are specific techniques for handling the receiver sliding-windows. Transmitter resends segment if no ACK / AYJ lide 49 Transmitter sets a timer for each segment transmitted. If timer expires before segment is acknowledged, the segment is retransmitted. TCP uses adaptive technique for retransmission timer -> delay varies. TCP continuously estimates round-trip time / AYJ lide ource port Destination port equence number Byte stream Byte stream Acknowledgement number egments Length eserved xxxxx Window size end buffer Transmitter ACK s eceive buffer eceiver Checksum Options Data Urgent pointer Padding / AYJ lide 51 TCP segment / AYJ lide 52 ummary howed the basics of packet networks. service interface, connectionless/ oriented, topologies, working. protocols.. (IP). IP version 6 (IPv6). Transport protocols UDP and TCP / AYJ lide 53
TCP/IP THE TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE
TCP/IP-1 The Internet Protocol (IP) enables communications across a vast and heterogeneous collection of networks that are based on different technologies. Any host computer that is connected to the Internet
More informationChapter 2 - Part 1. The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet
Chapter 2 - Part 1 The TCP/IP Protocol: The Language of the Internet Protocols A protocol is a language or set of rules that two or more computers use to communicate 2 Protocol Analogy: Phone Call Parties
More informationOSI Network Layer. Network Fundamentals Chapter 5. Version Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Version 4.0 1 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most
More informationEE 610 Part 2: Encapsulation and network utilities
EE 610 Part 2: Encapsulation and network utilities Objective: After this experiment, the students should be able to: i. Understand the format of standard frames and packet headers. Overview: The Open Systems
More informationET4254 Communications and Networking 1
Topic 9 Internet Protocols Aims:- basic protocol functions internetworking principles connectionless internetworking IP IPv6 IPSec 1 Protocol Functions have a small set of functions that form basis of
More informationInternet Protocols (chapter 18)
Internet Protocols (chapter 18) CSE 3213 Fall 2011 Internetworking Terms 1 TCP/IP Concepts Connectionless Operation Internetworking involves connectionless operation at the level of the Internet Protocol
More informationIntroduction to TCP/IP networking
Introduction to TCP/IP networking TCP/IP protocol family IP : Internet Protocol UDP : User Datagram Protocol RTP, traceroute TCP : Transmission Control Protocol HTTP, FTP, ssh What is an internet? A set
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
TSIN02 - Internetworking Literature: Lecture 4: Transport Layer Forouzan: ch 11-12 Transport layer responsibilities UDP TCP 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet 2 Transport layer in OSI model
More informationRMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061. Lecture 2. Internetworking IPv4, IPv6
RMIT University Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061 Internetworking IPv4, IPv6 Technology Slide 1 Lecture Overview During this lecture, we will understand The principles of Internetworking
More informationInternetwork Protocols
Internetwork Protocols Background to IP IP, and related protocols Internetworking Terms (1) Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer service An internet Collection of communications
More informationChapter 5 OSI Network Layer
Chapter 5 OSI Network Layer The protocols of the OSI model Network layer specify addressing and processes that enable Transport layer data to be packaged and transported. The Network layer encapsulation
More informationChapter 12 Network Protocols
Chapter 12 Network Protocols 1 Outline Protocol: Set of defined rules to allow communication between entities Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Transmission Control Protocol/Internetworking Protocol (TCP/IP)
More informationEITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet. Stefan Höst
EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L7: Internet Stefan Höst What is Internet? Internet consists of a number of networks that exchange data according to traffic agreements. All networks in Internet
More informationPosition of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite
Position of IP and other network-layer protocols in TCP/IP protocol suite IPv4 is an unreliable datagram protocol a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IPv4 packets can be corrupted,
More informationChapter 09 Network Protocols
Chapter 09 Network Protocols Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved. 1 Outline Protocol: Set of defined rules to allow communication between entities Open Systems
More informationComputer Networks (Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols)
Network Security(CP33925) Computer Networks (Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols) 부산대학교공과대학정보컴퓨터공학부 Network Type Elements of Protocol OSI Reference Model OSI Layers What we ll learn today 2 Definition of
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
Lecture 4: Transport Layer Literature: Forouzan: ch 11-12 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Lecture 4: Outline Transport layer responsibilities UDP TCP 2 Transport layer in OSI model Figure
More informationGuide To TCP/IP, Second Edition UDP Header Source Port Number (16 bits) IP HEADER Protocol Field = 17 Destination Port Number (16 bit) 15 16
Guide To TCP/IP, Second Edition Chapter 5 Transport Layer TCP/IP Protocols Objectives Understand the key features and functions of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Explain the mechanisms that drive segmentation,
More informationCCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals. Chapter 04 OSI Transport Layer
CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals Chapter 04 OSI Transport Layer Updated: 05/05/2008 1 4.1 Roles of the Transport Layer 2 4.1 Roles of the Transport Layer The OSI Transport layer accept data from the
More informationThe Internet. The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks.
The Internet The Internet is an interconnected collection of netw orks. Internetw orking-1 Internetworking! Communications Network: A facility that provides a data transfer service among stations attached
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
Lecture 4: Outline Literature: Lecture 4: Transport Layer Forouzan: ch 11-12 RFC? Transport layer introduction UDP TCP 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet 2 The Transport Layer Transport layer
More informationThe Internet. 9.1 Introduction. The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications.
The Internet 9.1 Introduction The Internet is a global network that supports a variety of interpersonal and interactive multimedia applications. Associated with each access network - ISP network, intranet,
More informationTSIN02 - Internetworking
Lecture 4: Transport Layer Literature: Forouzan: ch 11-12 2004 Image Coding Group, Linköpings Universitet Lecture 4: Outline Transport layer responsibilities UDP TCP 2 Transport layer in OSI model Figure
More informationSEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks
SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (12 th Week) The Internet Protocol 12.Outline Principles of Internetworking Internet Protocol Operation Internet Protocol
More informationSirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University
Name.............................. ID............... Section...... Seat No...... Thammasat University Final Exam: Semester, 205 Course Title: Introduction to Data Communications Instructor: Steven Gordon
More informationInternetworking Terms. Internet Structure. Internet Structure. Chapter 15&16 Internetworking. Internetwork Structure & Terms
Chapter 15&16 Internetworking Internetwork Structure & Terms Internetworking Architecture Features Connection/Connectionless Architecture Fragmentation & Reassembly Internet Protocol & Services Addressing
More information6.1 Internet Transport Layer Architecture 6.2 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 6.3 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 6. Transport Layer 6-1
6. Transport Layer 6.1 Internet Transport Layer Architecture 6.2 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 6.3 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 6. Transport Layer 6-1 6.1 Internet Transport Layer Architecture The
More informationLecture 17 Overview. Last Lecture. Wide Area Networking (2) This Lecture. Internet Protocol (1) Source: chapters 2.2, 2.3,18.4, 19.1, 9.
Lecture 17 Overview Last Lecture Wide Area Networking (2) This Lecture Internet Protocol (1) Source: chapters 2.2, 2.3,18.4, 19.1, 9.2 Next Lecture Internet Protocol (2) Source: chapters 19.1, 19.2, 22,1
More informationData & Computer Communication
Basic Networking Concepts A network is a system of computers and other devices (such as printers and modems) that are connected in such a way that they can exchange data. A bridge is a device that connects
More informationDa t e: August 2 0 th a t 9: :00 SOLUTIONS
Interne t working, Examina tion 2G1 3 0 5 Da t e: August 2 0 th 2 0 0 3 a t 9: 0 0 1 3:00 SOLUTIONS 1. General (5p) a) Place each of the following protocols in the correct TCP/IP layer (Application, Transport,
More informationNetworking Technologies and Applications
Networking Technologies and Applications Rolland Vida BME TMIT Transport Protocols UDP User Datagram Protocol TCP Transport Control Protocol and many others UDP One of the core transport protocols Used
More informationOSI Transport Layer. objectives
LECTURE 5 OSI Transport Layer objectives 1. Roles of the Transport Layer 1. segmentation of data 2. error detection 3. Multiplexing of upper layer application using port numbers 2. The TCP protocol Communicating
More informationCSCI-GA Operating Systems. Networking. Hubertus Franke
CSCI-GA.2250-001 Operating Systems Networking Hubertus Franke frankeh@cs.nyu.edu Source: Ganesh Sittampalam NYU TCP/IP protocol family IP : Internet Protocol UDP : User Datagram Protocol RTP, traceroute
More informationIntroduction to Internetworking
Introduction to Internetworking Introductory terms Communications Network Facility that provides data transfer services An internet Collection of communications networks interconnected by bridges and/or
More informationLecture 3: The Transport Layer: UDP and TCP
Lecture 3: The Transport Layer: UDP and TCP Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG 4395 3-1 The Transport Layer Provides efficient and robust end-to-end
More informationTCP /IP Fundamentals Mr. Cantu
TCP /IP Fundamentals Mr. Cantu OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison TCP / IP Protocols (Application Layer) The TCP/IP subprotocols listed in this layer are services that support a number of network functions:
More informationNetworking for Data Acquisition Systems. Fabrice Le Goff - 14/02/ ISOTDAQ
Networking for Data Acquisition Systems Fabrice Le Goff - 14/02/2018 - ISOTDAQ Outline Generalities The OSI Model Ethernet and Local Area Networks IP and Routing TCP, UDP and Transport Efficiency Networking
More informationNeed For Protocol Architecture
Chapter 2 CS420/520 Axel Krings Page 1 Need For Protocol Architecture E.g. File transfer Source must activate communications path or inform network of destination Source must check destination is prepared
More informationNeed For Protocol Architecture
Chapter 2 CS420/520 Axel Krings Page 1 Need For Protocol Architecture E.g. File transfer Source must activate communications path or inform network of destination Source must check destination is prepared
More informationETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols
ETSF05/ETSF10 Internet Protocols Network Layer Protocols 2016 Jens Andersson Agenda Internetworking IPv4/IPv6 Framentation/Reassembly ICMPv4/ICMPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 transition VPN/Ipsec NAT (Network Address
More information5105: BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARMPALLI UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS AND LINK LAYER PART A
5105: BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARMPALLI 635 854. NAME OF THE STAFF : R.ANBARASAN DESIGNATION & DEPARTMENT : AP/CSE SUBJECT CODE : CS 6551 SUBJECT NAME : COMPUTER NETWORKS UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS
More informationLesson 5 TCP/IP suite, TCP and UDP Protocols. Chapter-4 L05: "Internet of Things ", Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
Lesson 5 TCP/IP suite, TCP and UDP Protocols 1 TCP/IP Suite: Application layer protocols TCP/IP Suite set of protocols with layers for the Internet TCP/IP communication 5 layers: L7, L4, L3, L2 and L1
More informationUnit 5: Internet Protocols skong@itt-tech.edutech.edu Internet Protocols She occupied herself with studying a map on the opposite wall because she knew she would have to change trains at some point. Tottenham
More informationUser Datagram Protocol
Topics Transport Layer TCP s three-way handshake TCP s connection termination sequence TCP s TIME_WAIT state TCP and UDP buffering by the socket layer 2 Introduction UDP is a simple, unreliable datagram
More informationVorlesung Kommunikationsnetze
Picture 15 13 Vorlesung Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit B. Wiegel sowie A. Schmeiser und M. Rabel Sommersemester 2009 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen
More informationECE4110 Internetwork Programming. Introduction and Overview
ECE4110 Internetwork Programming Introduction and Overview 1 EXAMPLE GENERAL NETWORK ALGORITHM Listen to wire Are signals detected Detect a preamble Yes Read Destination Address No data carrying or noise?
More informationConcept Questions Demonstrate your knowledge of these concepts by answering the following questions in the space that is provided.
223 Chapter 19 Inter mediate TCP The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols was developed as part of the research that the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
More informationThe Internet Protocol (IP)
The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11 "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing
More informationII. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer
II. Principles of Computer Communications Network and Transport Layer A. Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 Header An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a 20-byte fixed part
More informationCompSci 356: Computer Network Architectures. Lecture 8: Spanning Tree Algorithm and Basic Internetworking Ch & 3.2. Xiaowei Yang
CompSci 356: Computer Network Architectures Lecture 8: Spanning Tree Algorithm and Basic Internetworking Ch 3.1.5 & 3.2 Xiaowei Yang xwy@cs.duke.edu Review Past lectures Single link networks Point-to-point,
More informationUNIT IV -- TRANSPORT LAYER
UNIT IV -- TRANSPORT LAYER TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1. Transport layer. 02 4.2. Reliable delivery service. 03 4.3. Congestion control. 05 4.4. Connection establishment.. 07 4.5. Flow control 09 4.6. Transmission
More informationTransport Layer. Gursharan Singh Tatla. Upendra Sharma. 1
Transport Layer Gursharan Singh Tatla mailme@gursharansingh.in Upendra Sharma 1 Introduction The transport layer is the fourth layer from the bottom in the OSI reference model. It is responsible for message
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol. Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia
IP - The Internet Protocol Based on the slides of Dr. Jorg Liebeherr, University of Virginia Orientation IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP: The waist of the hourglass IP is the waist
More informationCHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS
CHAPTER-2 IP CONCEPTS Page: 1 IP Concepts IP is a very important protocol in modern internetworking; you can't really comprehend modern networking without a good understanding of IP. Unfortunately, IP
More informationReview of Important Networking Concepts
Review of Important Networking Concepts Review: ed communication architecture The TCP/IP protocol suite 1 Networking Concepts Protocol Architecture Protocol s Encapsulation Network Abstractions 2 1 Sending
More informationThe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Application Services (Telnet, FTP, e-mail, WWW) Reliable Stream Transport (TCP) Unreliable Transport Service (UDP) Connectionless Packet Delivery Service (IP) Goals
More informationQUIZ: Longest Matching Prefix
QUIZ: Longest Matching Prefix A router has the following routing table: 10.50.42.0 /24 Send out on interface Z 10.50.20.0 /24 Send out on interface A 10.50.24.0 /22 Send out on interface B 10.50.20.0 /22
More informationCCNA 1 Chapter 7 v5.0 Exam Answers 2013
CCNA 1 Chapter 7 v5.0 Exam Answers 2013 1 A PC is downloading a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server is sending the file using 100-byte segments. How many segments will the
More informationData and Computer Communications. Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based s 1 Need For Protocol Architecture data exchange can involve complex procedures better if task broken into subtasks
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol
IP - The Internet Protocol 1 Orientation IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network Layer ARP Network Access Link Layer Media 2 IP:
More informationInternet. Organization Addresses TCP/IP Protocol stack Forwarding. 1. Use of a globally unique address space based on Internet Addresses
Internet Organization Addresses TCP/IP Protocol stack Forwarding Jörg Liebeherr, 1998-2003 1 What defines the Internet? 1. Use of a globally unique address space based on Internet Addresses 2. Support
More information6 Computer Networks 6.1. Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning
6 Computer Networks 6.1 Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: 6.2 Describe network criteria, physical structures and categories
More informationCS610 Computer Network Final Term Papers Solved MCQs with reference by Virtualians Social Network
CS610 Computer Network Final Term Papers Solved MCQs with reference by Virtualians Social Network Question No: 1( M a r k s: 1 ) A ---------- Relies on the hardware manufacturer to assign a unique physical
More informationReti di Calcolatori I
Reti di Calcolatori I Prof. Roberto Canonico Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell Informazione Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria delle Telecomunicazioni Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria
More informationIntroduction to Protocols
Chapter 6 Introduction to Protocols 1 Chapter 6 Introduction to Protocols What is a Network Protocol? A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network. These
More informationECE 333: Introduction to Communication Networks Fall 2002
ECE 333: Introduction to Communication Networks Fall 2002 Lecture 26: Transport layer I 1 Transport Layer In the remaining lectures, we will discuss several issues that are commonly addressed at the transport
More informationChapter 7. Local Area Network Communications Protocols
Chapter 7 Local Area Network Communications Protocols The Network Layer The third layer of the OSI Model is the network layer. The network layer is concerned with providing a means for hosts to communicate
More informationMIDTERM EXAMINATION #2 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS U N I V E R S I T Y O F W I N D S O R S C H O O L O F C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E
MIDTERM EXAMINATION #2 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS 03-60-367-01 U N I V E R S I T Y O F W I N D S O R S C H O O L O F C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E Intersession 2008 Last Name: First Name: Student ID: PLEASE
More informationIntroduction to Open System Interconnection Reference Model
Chapter 5 Introduction to OSI Reference Model 1 Chapter 5 Introduction to Open System Interconnection Reference Model Introduction The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference tool for understanding
More informationPLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU START
Page 1 of 20 MIDTERM EXAMINATION #1 - B COMPUTER NETWORKS : 03-60-367-01 U N I V E R S I T Y O F W I N D S O R S C H O O L O F C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E Fall 2008-75 minutes This examination document
More informationPLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU START
Page 1 of 20 MIDTERM EXAMINATION #1 - A COMPUTER NETWORKS : 03-60-367-01 U N I V E R S I T Y O F W I N D S O R S C H O O L O F C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E Fall 2008-75 minutes This examination document
More informationTCP/IP Overview. Basic Networking Concepts. 09/14/11 Basic TCP/IP Networking 1
TCP/IP Overview Basic Networking Concepts 09/14/11 Basic TCP/IP Networking 1 What is TCP/IP? TCP/IP is a name refers to an entire collection of data communication protocols: TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
More informationComputer Networking: A Top Down Approach Featuring the. Computer Networks with Internet Technology, William
Dr. John Keeney 3BA33 TCP/IP protocol architecture with IP OSI Model Layers TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Layers TCP/IP Protocol Suite Application Layer Application Layer Telnet FTP HTTP DNS RIPng SNMP
More informationCPSC 826 Internetworking. The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline. The Network Layer
1 CPSC 826 Intering The Network Layer: Routing & Addressing Outline The Network Layer Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu November 10, 2004 Network layer
More informationCHAPTER 18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 18.1 (1) The communications network may only accept blocks of data up to a certain size. (2) Error control may be more efficient with a smaller PDU size.
More informationCS 455: INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [NETWORKING] Frequently asked questions from the previous class surveys
CS 455: INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [NETWORKING] The Receiver's Buffer Small it may be But throttle the mightiest sender It can Not just the how much But also the when Or if at all Shrideep Pallickara
More informationChapter 20 Network Layer: Internet Protocol 20.1
Chapter 20 Network Layer: Internet Protocol 20.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 20-1 INTERNETWORKING In this section, we discuss internetworking,
More informationRef: A. Leon Garcia and I. Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2 nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2006 Latest update of this lecture was on
IP Version 4 (IPv4) Header (Continued) Identification (16 bits): One of the parameters of any network is the maximum transmission unit (MTU) parameter. This parameter specifies the maximum size of the
More informationNetworking interview questions
Networking interview questions What is LAN? LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected
More informationLecture 3. The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1
Lecture 3 The Network Layer (cont d) Network Layer 1-1 Agenda The Network Layer (cont d) What is inside a router? Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 fragmentation and addressing IP Address Classes and Subnets
More informationLast time. Wireless link-layer. Introduction. Characteristics of wireless links wireless LANs networking. Cellular Internet access
Last time Wireless link-layer Introduction Wireless hosts, base stations, wireless links Characteristics of wireless links Signal strength, interference, multipath propagation Hidden terminal, signal fading
More informationChapter 23 Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP 23.1
Chapter 23 Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP 23.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 23-1 PROCESS-TO-PROCESS DELIVERY 23.2 The transport
More informationInternet. 1) Internet basic technology (overview) 3) Quality of Service (QoS) aspects
Internet 1) Internet basic technology (overview) 2) Mobility aspects 3) Quality of Service (QoS) aspects Relevant information: these slides (overview) course textbook (Part H) www.ietf.org (details) IP
More informationNetwork.... communication system for connecting end- systems. End-systems a.k.a. hosts PCs, workstations dedicated computers network components
Networking 1 Network... communication system for connecting end- systems End-systems a.k.a. hosts PCs, workstations dedicated computers network components 2 Multiaccess vs.. Point-to-point Multiaccess
More informationNext Steps Spring 2011 Lecture #18. Multi-hop Networks. Network Reliability. Have: digital point-to-point. Want: many interconnected points
Next Steps Have: digital point-to-point We ve worked on link signaling, reliability, sharing Want: many interconnected points 6.02 Spring 2011 Lecture #18 multi-hop networks: design criteria network topologies
More informationCh.7 Internet Protocol: Connectionless Datagram Delivery (IPv4, IPv6)
CSC521 Communication Protocols 網路通訊協定 Ch.7 Internet Protocol: Connectionless Datagram Delivery (IPv4, IPv6) 吳俊興國立高雄大學資訊工程學系 Internetworking With TCP/IP, Vol I: Sixth Edition, Douglas E. Comer Outline 1
More informationWhere we are in the Course
Network Layer Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application Transport Network Link Physical CSE 461 University of Washington 2 Network Layer How to connect different link layer
More informationIPng (IPv6) Motivation. Currently: mainly servers, workstations, SLIP/PPP Address space exhaustion + new uses:
1 IPng (IPv6) Motivation Currently: mainly servers, workstations, SLIP/PPP Address space exhaustion + new uses: permanently attached home computers (CATV) game consoles mobile terminals (PDAs) embedded
More informationIntroduction to Networking. Operating Systems In Depth XXVII 1 Copyright 2017 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Networking Operating Systems In Depth XXVII 1 Copyright 2017 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. Distributed File Systems Operating Systems In Depth XXVII 2 Copyright 2017 Thomas W.
More informationThe OSI Model. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Network Models The OSI Model Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communication
More informationCommunicating over the Network
Communicating over the Network Network Fundamentals Chapter 2 Version 4.0 1 Network Structure The elements of communication 3 common elements of communication Message source people/electronic devices need
More informationIntroduction to Networks and the Internet
Introduction to Networks and the Internet CMPE 80N Announcements Project 2. Reference page. Library presentation. Internet History video. Spring 2003 Week 7 1 2 Today Internetworking (cont d). Fragmentation.
More informationOSI Network Layer. Chapter 5
OSI Network Layer Network Fundamentals Chapter 5 Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes communication from one end device to another end device. Examine the most common Network
More informationInformation Network Systems The network layer. Stephan Sigg
Information Network Systems The network layer Stephan Sigg Tokyo, November 1, 2012 Error-detection and correction Decoding of Reed-Muller codes Assume a second order (16, 11) code for m = 4. The r-th order
More informationprecise rules that govern communication between two parties TCP/IP: the basic Internet protocols IP: Internet protocol (bottom level)
Protocols precise rules that govern communication between two parties TCP/IP: the basic Internet protocols IP: Internet protocol (bottom level) all packets shipped from network to network as IP packets
More informationMultimedia in the Internet
Protocols for multimedia in the Internet Andrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ > 4 4 3 < 2 Applications and protocol stack DNS Telnet
More informationIntroduction to Internet. Ass. Prof. J.Y. Tigli University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Introduction to Internet Ass. Prof. J.Y. Tigli University of Nice Sophia Antipolis What about inter-networks communications? Between LANs? Ethernet?? Ethernet Example Similarities and Differences between
More informationCommon Protocols. The grand finale. Telephone network protocols. Traditional digital transmission
The grand finale Common Protocols An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking Previous chapters presented principles, but not protocol details these change with time real protocols draw many things
More informationAPPENDIX F THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
APPENDIX F THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE William Stallings F.1 TCP/IP LAYERS... 2 F.2 TCP AND UDP... 4 F.3 OPERATION OF TCP/IP... 6 F.4 TCP/IP APPLICATIONS... 10 Copyright 2014 Supplement to Computer
More informationNetworks. an overview. dr. C. P. J. Koymans. Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam. February 4, 2008
Networks an overview dr. C. P. J. Koymans Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam February 4, 2008 dr. C. P. J. Koymans (UvA) Networks February 4, 2008 1 / 53 1 Network modeling Layered networks
More information