Part B Questions. Unit I

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Derick Preston
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1 Part B Questions Unit I 1. Explain the specification of Embedded system. Safety and Reliability Performance Power Consumption Cost Robustness Size Limited User Interface Software Upgradation Capability 2. Discuss the recent trends in Embedded system Processor power Memory Operating systems Communication interfaces and networking capability Programming languages Development tools Programmable hardware 3. Explain the hardware architecture of embedded system. Building blocks of embedded system hardware are Central Processing Unit Memory Clock circuitry Watchdog Timer/Reset circuitry Chip select Input/output devices Debug port Communication Interfaces 4. Explain the software architecture of embedded system. Block Diagram Kernel Device Manager Communication Protocol Software Libraries File System 5. Explain the classification of Embedded Systems? Small scale Embedded Systems. Medium scale Embedded Systems. Sophisticated Embedded Systems.

2 6. Discuss the development and testing tools. Hardware Development and testing Tools Digital multiplexer Logic Analyzer Oscilloscope Spectrum Analyzer Software Development/ Testing Tools Cross platform Development tool ROM Emulator EPROM programmer ISS In-circuit Emulator Unit II 1. Explain the manipulation of bits in memory. Manipulating Bits in memory Testing Bits Setting,clearing and inverting Bits Extracting Bits Inserting bits 2. Explain the manipulation of bits in I/O. Write only I/O ports Ports differentiated by Reads versus writes Ports differentiated by sequential access Ports differentiated by bits in the written data. 3. Explain the process of accessing memory mapped I/O devices. Accessing data through a pointer Examples Arrays, pointers and the address of operators Examples 4. Explain the packed structure. Structure padding used to align members on word boundaries.( program and diagram) Structure layout with structure padding disabled.( program and diagram) Bit fields to describe the packed representation of time.( program) 5. Explain the data accessing methods Accessing data whose address is a constant ( assembly and C) Accessing data whose address is a Variable (assembly and C) 6. What is Scope and explain its types. Refining Local scope (program) Refining global scope( Program)

3 7. Explain Automatic allocation. Automatic memory will variable size with program Automatic memories will variable size arrays program. Unit III 1. Programming examples for PIC microcontroller. A. Program to configure PORT_B using TRISB B. Program to implement a Delay routine.

4 Embedded Embedded Systems-QB Systems-QB C. Program to initialize PORT_A D. Program to initialize PORT_B E. Program to alter PORT_B in response to external interrupt on pin RB0

5 Embedded Systems-QB F. Program for A/D conversion. 2. Discuss the architecture of PIC16C61 with its pin diagram. Architecture diagram Arithmetic and Logic Unit: CPU registers: Status register FSR PIC Reset actions Brownout Reset Oscillator 3. Explain FSR Bit format diagram Explanation for format PCL

6 4. Explain the memory organization of PIC16C61. Program memory organization Data memory Register file structure Option register: INTCON register: 5. Discuss the instruction set of PIC16C61. Bitwise operations setting or clearing a bit Increment, Decrement operations Input and outputs: 6. Explain the addressing modes of PIC16C61. Direct addressing with example Indirect addressing with example 7.Discuss the I/O ports and interrupts of PIC16C61. PORTA PORTB Different types of Interrupts Interrupt logic diagram 8. Discuss the timers of PIC. Timer 0 Watchdog timer 9. Discuss the ADC of PIC16CXX. Status register Control register Configuration Program Unit IV 1. Explain the Architecture of the Kernel. Kernel is a program with functions for memory allocation and deallocation, task scheduling, inter process communication, effective management of shared memory access by using the signals, exception handling signals, Semaphores, queues, mailboxes etc. o Block Diagram o Explanation Tasks Task scheduler Interrupt Service Routines Semaphores Mutexes Mailboxes

7 Message queues Pipes Event Registers Signals Timers 2. Explain in detail about Scheduling Algorithms: Depending on the requirement of the embedded system, the scheduling algorithm needs to be chosen. Some of the scheduling algorithms are: o First In First Out o Round-robin algorithm o Round-robin with priority o Shortest job first o Non-preemptive multitasking o Preemptive multitasking 3. Discuss Semaphore Block Diagram Explanation Explanation about Semaphore management function calls Create a semaphore Delete a semaphore Acquire a semaphore Release a semaphore Query a semaphore 4. Explain Message Queues and its applications. Definition Block Diagram Message Queue Management Function Calls Application One-way data communication Two-way data communication Broadcast communication 5. Discuss MUTEX Management function calls. Explain the following functions. Create a mutex Delete a mutex Acquire a mutex Release a mutex Query a mutex Wait a mutex

8 6. What is Priority inversion problem? How it can be eliminated? When tasks share a resource, there is a possibility of getting into a problem, known as priority inversion problem. Low priority (LP) task Medium Priority (MP) task High Priority (HP) task Unit V 1. Discuss the hardware architecture of ACVM. Block Diagram of ACVM Hardware Explain about each block and working principle Block consists of Microcontroller Keypad Mechanical Coin Sorter Coins Channel Chocolate Channel USB Wireless Modem 2. Explain the software architecture of ACVM. Multiple tasks and their synchronization model Tasks and their Priority, Action and IPCs Task_readports Task_Collect Task_Deliver Task_Refund Task_excessrefund Task_Display 3. Draw the architecture of ACC and its explanation. Hardware architecture Block diagram and its explain about each block Software architecture RTOS Vxworks Used As Alternative To OSEK-OS Tasks And Their Class, Priority, Action And IPCs 4. Discuss the exemplary code for ACVM. Task Function Task_ReadPorts Task_Collect Task_Deliver

9 Task_Refund Task_ExcessRefund Task_Display 5. Draw the architecture of Smart Card and its explanation. Block diagram for Hardware architecture ROM Contains: Fabrication key and Personalisation key (after insertion of this key, RTOS and application use only the logical addresses). RTOS codes. Application codes. Utilisation lock. Block diagram for Software architecture Smart Card Software in Java Smart Card Software in OS

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS PART A UNIT-1

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS PART A UNIT-1 1. What is Embedded System? Give some applications and examples. 2. Differentiate RTOS and an ordinary OS. 3. What is Hard RTS and Soft RTS? 4. What are the categories of