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2 &RS\ULJKW,QIRUPDWLRQ This manual is 1994 Dynapro Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the contents of this copyrighted manual in whole or in part, by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without written permission of Dynapro Technologies Inc., is prohibited.,psruwdqw8vhu,qirupdwlrq Because of the variety of uses for the product described in this publication, those responsible for application and use of this product must satisfy themselves that all necessary steps have been taken to ensure that each application and use meets all performance and safety requirements, including any applicable laws, regulations, codes, and standards. The illustrations, charts, sample programs, and examples shown in this publication are intended solely for the purposes of example. Because there are so many variables and requirements associated with any particular installation, Dynapro Technologies Inc. does not assume responsibility or liability, including intellectual property liability, for actual use based on the examples shown in this publication. )&&&RPSOLDQFH Warning: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Any modifications or changes to this product not expressly approved in writing by the manufacturer responsible for compliance to Federal Regulations could void the user s authority to operate this product within the Laws and Regulations of the Federal Communications Commission. (GLWLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ Document Number: First Edition: July 1994 Second Edition: December UDGHPDUNV Dynapro and ErgoTouch are registered trademarks of Dynapro Systems Inc. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged.

3 (UJR7RXFK7&6'RFXPHQWDWLRQ8SGDWHV 8SGDWH'XDO6FDQ3DVVLYH'63&RORU/&' This amends the information supplied in the ErgoTouch TCS Installation Guide, Second Edition, December This information was originally published as Document ErgoTouch s DSP display has been enhanced. Specifications for the new display are: 256 colors Display size: Single backlight Contrast ratio: ( 21.4 cm) wide x 6.35 (16.1 cm) high Diagonal: 10.4 (26.42 cm) Viewing angle: horizontal: -30 to +30 vertical: -15 to +25 8SGDWH6HWXS3DUDPHWHU&KDQJH This complements the information supplied in the ErgoTouch TCS Installation Guide, Second Edition, December This information was originally published as Document A new function (NO HOST) has been added to the Display Activity Setup parameter. In addition to the ON, OFF and TIMEOUT selections, the user can now select NO HOST. Selecting NO HOST causes the display to turn off automatically after 30 minutes of inactivity (similar to the TIMEOUT selection). After the display has turned off (timed out), only activities by the user will turn the display back on, (that is, touch or keystroke activities, but not the host s communications activities).

4 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION OVERVIEW Features About This Guide Related Documents CHAPTER 2 INTERFACING TO THE HOST COMPUTER INTRODUCTION The Serial Interface Serial Data Composition Communication Standards RS-422 and RS Preventing and Detecting Errors Buffer Overflow Control CHAPTER 3 PROGRAMMING OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION RELATED ANSI STANDARDS COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENTS COMMUNICATION CODES CHARACTER SETS Control Codes Graphic Codes TCS COMMANDS TYPES OF COMMANDS Local Commands Remote Commands Local/Remote Commands CONTROL STRINGS Simple Escape Sequences Device Control Strings Control Sequences Control Sequence Parameters Numeric Parameters Selective Parameters How the TCS Interprets Control Sequences Canceling Control Strings Errors in Control Strings HOW TO GENERATE REMOTE COMMANDS STATUS REPORT SUMMARY Summary of Status Queries and Responses SUMMARY OF SELECTABLE MODES TCS MODE COMMANDS Reset Mode Command [RM] (Remote) Set Mode Command [SM] (Remote)

5 COLOR TCS: SUMMARY OF COLOR PROGRAMMING Displaying and Erasing Color Characteristics Highlighting Color Characters Reversing Foreground and Background Colors Concealing Color Characters Reading a Character s Attributes Color Controls on the Setup Screen CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLING THE SETUP SCREEN AND SERIAL INTERFACE INTRODUCTION TCS FUNCTIONAL VOLATILITY SETUP SCREEN PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS Keyboard Lockout Touch Panel Lockout Display Activity Display Contents Host Communication during Setup Session Methods of Changing Setup Parameters Color TCS Setup Screen Programming Considerations User/Host Conflict Resolution Permanence of Changes to Setup Parameters SETUP SCREEN COMMANDS Setup Lockout Mode Command {FSULM} (Remote) Save Setup Command {FSSU} (Local/Remote) Recall Setup Command {FRSU} (Local/Remote) Reset Command [RIS] (Local Remote) COMMUNICATION COMMANDS Address Command (Local) Baud Rate Command (Local) Data Bits Command (Local) Parity Enable Command (Local) Parity Sense Command (Local) Stop Bits Command (Local) XON/XOFF Mode Command (Local) Local/Remote Mode Command (Local) Hardware Handshake (Local) Transmit Mode Command (Local) Reporting Format Command {FRF} (Remote) Clear User Inputs Command {FCUI} (Remote) COMMUNICATION MONITOR Entering and Exiting the Communication Monitor How the Communication Monitor Displays Characters TCS Operation While the Communication Monitor is Active Using the Communication Monitor CHAPTER 5 DISPLAYING CHARACTERS INTRODUCTION Displaying Characters The Cursor Format Effectors...5-3

6 OVERVIEW OF SCREEN MEMORY Introduction Referring to Screens Selecting a Screen for Editing Screen Memory Allocation Terminology: "Screen" vs. "Display" SCREEN MEMORY COMMANDS Initialize Screen Command {FIS} (Remote) Select Screen Command {FSS} (Remote) Copy Screen Command {FCS}(Remote) Delete Screen Command {FDS} (Remote) Delete All Screens Command {FDAS} (Remote) Read Screen Memory Remaining Command {FRSMR} (Remote) Read Screen Existence Command {FRSE} (Remote) OVERVIEW OF CHARACTER SETS AND CHARACTER FONTS Static ASCII and Static Special Character Fonts Dynamic Character Fonts Manipulating Character Sets and Fonts Default Conditions Volatility of the Dynamic Character Fonts Select Character Set Command [SCS] (Remote) Map Character Font Command {FMCF} (Remote) Copy Character Font Command {FCCF} (Remote) Down-Line Load Character Font Command {FDLCF} (Remote) CHARACTER DISPLAYING COMMANDS Color Features Display Double-Width Line Command {DECDWL} (Remote) Display Double-Size Line Command {DECDHL} (Remote) Place Double-Size Line Command {FDSL} (Remote) Display Normal Line Command (DECSWL) (Remote) Draw Bar for Bar Chart Command {FDBB} (Remote) Erase Character Command [ECH] (Remote) Erase in Line Command [EL] (Remote) Erase in Display Command [ED] (Remote) CHARACTER INTERPRETATION COMMANDS Auto Wrap-Around Mode Command (DECAWM) (Local/Remote) Send-Receive Mode Command [SRM] (Local/Remote) New Line Mode Command [LNM] (Local/Remote) NOCHANGE Attribute Mode Command {FNCAM} (Remote) National Replacement Code Command {FNRC} (Local/Remote) Set Character Attributes Command [SGR] (Monochrome: Remote Color: Local/Remote) Scrolling Region Command (DECSTBM) (Remote) Origin Mode Command (DECOM) (Remote) CURSOR COMMANDS Move Cursor to Absolute Position Command [CUP][HVP] (Remote) Move Cursor to Touchkey Command {FMCTK} (Remote) Move Cursor Forward Command [CUF] (Remote) Move Cursor Backward Command [CUB] (Remote) Move Cursor Up Command [CUU] (Remote) Move Cursor Down Command [CUD] (Remote) Next Line Command [NEL] (Remote) Index Command [IND] (Remote) Reverse Index Command [RI] (Remote)

7 Read Cursor Position Command [CPR] (Remote) Read Character Under Cursor Command {FRCUC} (Remote) Read Attributes Under Cursor Command {FRAUC} (Remote) Cursor Type Command [FCT] (Local/Remote) SCREEN APPEARANCE COMMANDS Screen Background Mode Command (DECSCNM) (Local/Remote) Display Activity Command {FDA} (Local/Remote) CHAPTER 6 PROGRAMMING THE TOUCH PANEL INTRODUCTION THE TOUCH PANEL Touch Cells Touchkeys and Touch Targets Touchkey Visual Extent TOUCH REPORTING TOUCH PANEL COMMANDS Build Touchkey Command {FBTK} (Remote) Clear Touchkey Command {FCTK}(Remote) Touchkey Type Command {FTKT}(Remote) Touchkey Visual Extent Command {FTKVEJ}(Remote) Touchkey Audible Attribute Command {FTKAA}(Remote) Auto-Repeat Rate Command {FARR} (Remote) Polled Touch Mode Command {FPTM} (Remote) Read Touchkey Status Command {FRTKS} (Remote) Extended Report Mode Command {FERM} (Remote) Touch Panel Lockout Mode Command {FTLM} (Remote) REGION COMMANDS Color Features Outline a Touchkey Command {FOTK} (Remote) Outline a Region Command {FOR} (Remote) Custom Outline a Touchkey Command {FCOTK} (Remote) Custom Outline a Region Command {FCOR} (Remote) Modify Character Attributes in a Touchkey Command {FMCAITK} (Remote) Modify Character Attributes in a Region Command {FMCAIR} (Remote) Reverse Character Attributes in a Touchkey Command {FRCAITK} (Remote) Reverse Character Attributes in a Region Command {FRCAlR} (Remote) Fill a Touchkey With a Character Command {FFTKC} (Remote) Fill a Region With a Character Command {FFRC} (Remote) Erase a Touchkey Command {FETK} (Remote) Erase a Region Command {FER} (Remote) CHAPTER 7 PROGRAMMING THE OPTIONAL KEYBOARD INTRODUCTION KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION Standard Keys The Set Up Key Cursor Control Keys Special Function Keys Auxiliary Keypad...7-6

8 KEYBOARD COMMANDS Keyboard Lockout Mode Command [KAM] (Remote) Keypad Mode Command [DECKPAM] [DECKPNM] (Remote) Local/Remote Mode Command (Local) Send Long Break Command (Local) Send Short Break Command (Local) CHAPTER 8 REMOTE SELF-TESTING INTRODUCTION STATUS REPORTING COMMANDS Power-Up Interrupt Mode Command {FPUIM} (Remote) Request Power Status Command {FRPS} (Remote) Error Interrupt Mode Command {FEIM} (Remote) Request Error Status Command {FRES} (Remote) Request TCS Identification Command [DA] (Remote) Request TCS Status Command [DSR] (Remote) REMOTE SELF-TEST COMMANDS Continuous Integrity Test Command {FClT} (Local/Remote) Request ROM Test Report Command {FRRTR} (Remote) Request Nonvolatile Memory Test Report Command {FRETR} (Remote) Request RAM Test Report Command {FRRATR} (Remote) Request Touch Panel Test Report Command {FRTTR} (Remote) APPENDIX A SAMPLE PROGRAM... A-1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION... A-1 PHYSICAL CONNECTION... A-1 Setting up the IBM PC...A-1 Setting up the TCS...A-1 The Sample Program...A-2 APPENDIX B COMMAND SUMMARY TABLE... B-1 INTRODUCTION... B-1 APPENDIX C CUSTOM CHARACTER FONTS... C-1 INTRODUCTION... C-1 The Distinction Between Character Sets and Character Fonts... C-1 Creating Custom Characters Using Software or Firmware... C-4 CHARACTER DESCRIPTION... C-4 Description Of Static Character Fonts... C-5 Boxtypes... C-7 HOW CHARACTERS ARE STORED... C-8 Character Sizes... C-9 PIXEL DATA... C-11

9 APPENDIX D IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY... D-1 INTRODUCTION... D-1 SYMPTOM/SOLUTION CHART... D-1 COMMON PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS... D-8 Interaction Between Polled Touch Mode and the Read Touchkey Status Command... D-9 Interaction Between Reporting Format and the End Of Line Character... D-10 Interaction Between Origin Mode and Scrolling Region... D-11 Interaction Between NOCHANGE Attribute Mode and Attribute Commands... D-13 Interaction Between the Conceal Attribute and Commands that Modify Attributes... D-14 Editing a Stored Screen with the Select Screen Command... D-15 Mapping Character Fonts... D-16 Interaction Between Power-Up Interrupt Mode and Multidrop Protocol... D-17 Interaction Between Dead Touchkeys and Touch Operation... D-18 Inconsistent Communication Setup Between Host and TCS... D-19 COMMON OPERATOR PROBLEMS... D-20 Saving Display Activity as OFF... D-20 Incorrectly Selecting Other Setup Screen Parameters... D-20 Touching the Display during Transition... D-20 OPERATIONAL STATUS REPORT TABLE... D-21

10 /LVWRI7DEOHV Table 2-1. Framing Formats Table 2-2. Touch Control Screen Parity Settings Table 3-1. Control Codes Recognized by the TCS Table 3-2. Representing 8-bit Control Codes With 7-Bit Escape Sequences Table 3-3. Condition for Acceptance of Certain Control Codes within Control Strings Table 3-4. Summary of Status Queries and Reports Table 3-5. Summary of Selectable Modes Table 4-1. Overview of Functional Volatility Table 4-2. Control over Individual Setup Parameters Table 4-3. Numeric Values for Foreground and Background Color Parameters Table 4-4. Multidrop Addresses and Codes Table 4-5. Effects of Multidrop Addresses on Control Codes Table 4-6. Flow Control Table 5-1. Format Effectors Table 5-2. Typical Screen Storage Capacity Table 5-3. Default Values of Screen-Dependent Items Table 5-4. Code Values Corresponding to Character Positions Table 5-5. Standard Characters Used For Special Purposes Table 5-6. Extended Characters Used for Special Purposes Table 5-7. Effects of the Line Mode on the Return and Enter Keys Table 5-8. Effects of the New Line Mode on Cursor Movement Table 5-9. Commands Affected by NOCHANGE Attribute Mode Table Commands Unaffected by NOCHANGE Attribute Mode Table National Replacement Code Characters Table Color Parameters of the Set Character Attributes Command Table Color Attribute Definitions (* = Default) Table 7-1. Non-Alphanumeric Standard Key Codes Table 7-2. Codes Sent by Keys when Pressed with the Ctrl Key Table 7-3. Cursor Control Key Codes Table 7-4. Special Function Key Codes

11 Table 7-5. Auxiliary Keypad Codes Table B-1. Summary of TCS Commands Grouped According to Related Functions... B-2 Table C-1. Static ASCII Character Font... C-2 Table C-2. Static Special Character Font... C-3 Table C-3. Consequences of Changing the Static ASCII Character Font PROM... C-5 Table C-4. Consequences of Changing the Static Special Character Font PROM... C-6 Table C-5. Boxtype Characters...C-7 Table D-1. Symptom/Solution Chart... D-2

12 /LVWRI)LJXUHV Figure 2-1. Typical Asynchronous Framing Format Figure 4-1. Sample Communication Monitor Screen Figure 5-1. Codes Access the Character Sets Figure 5-2. Selecting a Screen for Editing Figure 5-3. Manipulating Character Sets and Fonts Figure 5-4. Character Font Map Operations Figure 5-5. Character Font Copy Operations Figure 5-6. Example Custom Character Design Figure 5-7. Dividing the Character into Sixels Figure 5-8. Encoding the Sixels Figure 5-9. Vertical and Horizontal Bars Figure Conceptual Model: Characters and Their Attributes Figure 6-1. Touch Cell Number Assignments Figure 6-2. Example Touchkey Figure 6-3. Touchkey Visual Extent Figure C-1. Encoding the Letter H... C-8 Figure C-2. Display Character Addressing... C-9

13 &+$37(5*(1(5$/,1)250$7,21 29(59,(: The Touch Control Screen (TCS) is a sophisticated interface between human operators and computer-driven systems. The TCS allows the operator, with a minimum of training, to accurately and efficiently control complex operations by touching the screen. The Touch Control Screen interprets codes from the host computer to create displays that provide the operator with information or ask the operator to select from the choices presented. The operator responds naturally by pointing to the appropriate choice, and touching the display. The TCS, acting as a software configured control panel, notifies the computer that a particular area was touched. The TCS can be integrated into any computer-based system, and is packaged to be easily mounted in a wall, in a rack, on a boom, or on a table top. High-level software support facilitates the design of touch targets using a few simple commands. The extreme reliability and durability of TCS makes it appropriate for use in a variety of rugged environments. )HDWXUHV Features of the TCS include the following: 6RIWZDUH Line attributes that can be selected by the user: normal, double width, double size Character attributes that can be selected by the user: highlight, underline, blink, concealed, and reverse video Direct cursor addressing Region commands that allow the programmer to outline and modify attributes within a rectangular region of the display Programmable cursor type, including non-blinking, slow-blinking and fast-blinking reverse block, non-blinking, slow-blinking and fast-blinking underlines, and invisible Two character sets (128 characters each) Four character fonts for mapping into the character sets. Two of the fonts are fixed and two can be altered by the user. Each font contains 128 characters. National Replacement Code method to display international characters 8 basic colors for displaying character foreground and background 8 highlight colors, associated with each of the basic colors, chosen to enable applications developed for monochrome TCS to effectively display in a color environment 1-1

14 +DUGZDUH Integral touch panel with a 120 touch cell matrix (12 rows by 10 columns) Keyboard port with adapter cable for connection to a standard PC-AT keyboard High contrast electroluminescent (EL) or Dual Scan Passive (DSP) color display that can display 1920 characters (24 lines of 80 characters each) RS-232 serial interface port with selectable baud rates in standard increments up to 19,200 baud RS-422 and RS-485 serial interface port for communication at distances of up to 1200 meters (4000 ft) and for multidrop configurations (not yet available) Optional rack, panel, wall and boom mount capabilities NEMA 4 (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) and NEMA 4X water and dust resistance on all surfaces. (Requires the optional NEMA 4 Hatch Kit.) Nonvolatile memory for storing Setup parameters while the power is off 96 kilobytes of user random-access memory (RAM) for storing frequently used screens and two dynamic character fonts Test Screen for user-selected testing of the electronics, the display, and the touch panel Communication Monitor to help troubleshoot communications Safety standards include: CSA-C22.2 Other compliances include FCC Class A and VDE 0871A High resistance to shock and vibration $ERXW7KLV*XLGH The ErgoTouch TCS Application Developer s Guide explains how to program the TCS to create the interface between the user and host computer. It explains how to display characters, create touch keys, and control and interpret user input. Basic troubleshooting information and sample programs are also included. 5HODWHG'RFXPHQWV The ErgoTouch TCS Installation Guide provides instructions for mounting and connecting the TCS, configuring with the Setup Menu, and maintaining the TCS at an operational level (fuse replacement and cleaning). The guide also includes a full set of specifications. 1-2

15 &+$37(5,17(5)$&,1*727+(+267&20387(5,1752'8&7,21 This chapter provides information about communication between the Touch Control Screen (TCS) and host computer. Topics include: A description of serial data Electronics Industries Association (EIA) standards RS-232-E, RS-422-A, and RS-485 TCS error checking methods, including buffer overflow control A summary of TCS communication parameters that can be set by the user Multidrop communication protocol 7KH6HULDO,QWHUIDFH The TCS and the host computer communicate by a serial interface, whereby information is exchanged between devices as a series of binary codes known as bit-serial data. %LW6HULDO'DWD Bit-serial data is digital information represented as a series of bits sent over a wire, one bit at a time. Specified voltage levels indicate the binary state, either zero or one, of each bit. 7UDQVPLWWHG'DWD Data bits are sent between the TCS and host in groups of seven or eight bits. Each group of data bits constitutes one code, and the TCS recognizes 256 such codes from the host. The data bits are preceded and followed by other bits, described later in this chapter. The number of data bits per code is controlled by the Data Bits parameter, selectable from the Setup Screen. (Refer to the ErgoTouch TCS Installation Guide for Setup Screen information.) TCS operation involves two types of codes: graphic codes and control codes. Graphic codes generally cause a character to be displayed on the TCS display. Control codes do an action, such as changing a display characteristic or regulating data flow between the TCS and host. Chapter 3 explains how TCS handles codes and characters, including the results of using seven or eight data bits. Appendix C contains detailed information about Standard and Custom Character Fonts. 2-1

16 7LPLQJ)RUPDW Serial data can be transmitted in either a synchronous or asynchronous timing format. In a synchronous format, individual codes in the message are synchronized to a clock signal and sent one after another, without any special bits separating them. Start and stop codes mark the beginning and end of each message block, but start and stop bits are not sent with each code. In an asynchronous format, transmitted data is not synchronized to a clock. Instead, start and stop bits mark the beginning and end of each code. Asynchronous formats have the advantage that the sender and receiver do not need to be synchronized with each other. The TCS uses an asynchronous format only. 'DWD5DWH Serial data speed is expressed in bits per second, or baud. Although baud technically means the number of state changes per second (which is not always equal to bits per second), the term baud rate is usually used interchangeably with bit rate. The TCS can send and receive data at all the following bit rates: 110, 300,600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and baud. The TCS sends and receives data at the same rate. For example, the TCS cannot be set to transmit data at 9600 baud and receive data at 1200 baud. The baud rate is selected by the user through the Setup Screen. Instructions for selecting the baud rate are provided in the Installation Guide, under the heading, Using the Setup Screen. 6HULDO'DWD&RPSRVLWLRQ Each code sent between the TCS and the host is preceded by one start bit, a space (binary zero). The start bit is immediately followed by seven or eight data bits, the code itself. The data bits are followed by an optional parity bit, and finally one or two stop bits, which are marks (binary ones). The combination of all the serial bits is called the framing format. Table 2-1 shows all framing formats supported by the TCS. Figure 2-1 shows the framing format to transmit a code using seven data bits, a parity bit, and two stop bits. 7DEOH)UDPLQJ)RUPDWV 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 6WRS%LW %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 3DULW\%LW 6WRS%LW %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 6WRS%LWV %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 6WRS%LW %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 6WRS%LWV %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 3DULW\%LW 6WRS%LWV %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 3DULW\%LW 6WRS%LW %LWV7RWDO 6WDUW%LW 'DWD%LWV 3DULW\%LW 6WRS%LWV %LWV7RWDO 2-2

17 6WDUW %LW 2SWLRQDO 3DULW\ %LW,GOH 6WRS %LWV,GOH 'DWD %LWV )LJXUH7\SLFDO$V\QFKURQRXV)UDPLQJ)RUPDW NOTE In Figure 2-1, indicates a space (logical zero) and indicates a mark (logical one). However, on the RS-232 line itself these are inverted, so a mark is a low voltage and a space is a high voltage. On the RS-485 line, the Data + signal appears as shown in the above figure. 6WDUW%LW The start bit tells the receiving station that the next seven bits (or eight, depending on how the Data Bits parameter is set) represent an ASCII code, transmitted with the least significant bit first. The start bit is always a single zero bit (a space). 6WRS%LW The stop bit tells the receiving station that it has received the end of the code. The stop bit is always a one bit (a mark), which is the idle state of the line. A stop bit can be immediately followed by the start bit preceding the next code, or it can just return the line to its idle state. The latter case, for example, occurs when the stop bit follows the last code to be transmitted. To meet the requirements of various host computers and interfaces, the TCS can use either one or two stop bits. The number of stop bits is selected by the user through the Setup Screen. Instructions for selecting the number of stop bits are provided in the Installation Guide, under the heading, Using the Setup Screen. 3DULW\%LW The parity bit follows the seven or eight data bits. The parity bit is used to check for transmission errors. Parity checking can use either even or odd parity. Even parity means that the parity bit and the data bits together contain an even number of binary ones. For example, for the data bits , the parity bit is 1, making the total number of ones even (in this example there are a total of four ones). Odd parity means that the parity and data bits together contain an odd number of ones. For example, for the data bits , the parity bit is 0, making the total number of ones odd (in this example there is a total of three ones). By setting two TCS parameters (Parity Enable and Parity Sense), the parity bit can be used in five ways, as shown in Table 2-2. Instructions for setting the Parity Enable and Parity Sense parameters are provided in the Installation Guide, under Using the Setup Screen. 2-3

18 By setting two TCS parameters (Parity Enable and Parity Sense), the parity bit can be used in five ways, as shown in Table 2-2. Instructions for setting the Parity Enable and Parity Sense parameters are provided in the Installation Guide, under Using the Setup Screen. 2-4

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

20 &RPPXQLFDWLRQ6WDQGDUGV The TCS adheres to three widely used Electronics Industries Association (EIA) standards: RS-232-E, RS-422-A, and RS-485. RS-232-E is the most widely accepted standard for digital data communication; few pieces of computer-related equipment are supplied without an RS-232- E port. However, RS-232-E is not suitable for all installations. Generally, RS-422-A and RS-485 provide for communications over longer distances and provide for multidrop configurations. RS-485 operates the same as RS-422-A but can handle more devices in a multidrop configuration (32 as opposed to 16). This manual refers only to RS-485 when discussing these two standards, although the TCS does support both interfaces. For more information, refer to the sections on RS-485 and Multidrop Communications Protocol in this chapter. The RS-232-E standard specifies that transmitted and received data are each carried on a single data line; RS-485 specifies that transmitted and received data are each carried on balanced lines. The RS-232-E standard prescribes signal types, signal levels, and the control signals that establish communication between devices (in this case, the host and the TCS). The RS-485 standard prescribes only signal types and signal levels. The RS-232-E and RS-485 interfaces attach to the same serial port connector on the TCS a 25-pin, D-series, male connector. Pin assignments for this connector and names of the respective circuits are listed in the ErgoTouch TCS Installation Guide. 56( First established in 1969 and later revised, the RS-232-E standard defines the electrical and mechanical characteristics of an interface between data terminal equipment and data communication equipment employing serial binary exchange. NOTE The TCS is data terminal equipment (DTE) as described by the RS-232-E standard. As a DTE unit, the TCS is connected to data communication equipment (DCE) such as a modem. A null-modem cable is required to connect to another DTE unit. The RS-232-E, RS-422-A, and RS-485 interfaces attach to the 25-pin, D-series, male connector. Pin assignments for this connector and names of the respective circuits are listed in the Installation Guide. 2-6

21 56(6WDQGDUG The RS-232-E standard defines the electrical and mechanical characteristics of an interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communication equipment (DCE) that uses serial binary data interchange. NOTE The TCS is data terminal equipment (DTE) as described by the RS-232-E standard. As a DTE unit, the TCS is connected to data communication equipment (DCE), such as a modem. Connection to another DTE unit requires the use of a null-modem cable. The RS-232-E standard specifies unbalanced transmission, which uses a single high-low signal line referenced to signal ground. The standard assigns functions to the circuit on each pin of the RS-232-E connector. Signal voltage level and timing requirements are prescribed by the standard, but framing format and baud rate can vary among RS-232-E compatible devices. The RS-232-E standard also assigns gender to individual connectors: the RS-232-E connector is male on DTE and female on DCE. 56(6LJQDO'HVFULSWLRQV RS-232-E was originally designed as a computer interface for use over telephone lines. Because of this, signals have names like Received Line Signal Detector (RLSD). The line referred to is the telephone line. Since the introduction of the standard, more ways of using RS-232-E have been developed. For example, instead of using telephone lines, a specially wired cable called a null-modem cable can be used to directly link two DTE units, such as the TCS and a host computer. The DTE units at each end of the null-modem cable interpret the cable as two modems communicating over telephone lines. RS-232-E signals used by the TCS are described below. It is not necessary to understand each of these signals to program the TCS; this information is provided to help interface the TCS with different types of DCE devices. The circuit designations defined in RS-232-E are given in parentheses after each signal name, (for example, AA). NOTE When an RS-232-E control signal is on, its voltage is +3 V to +25 V. When the control signal is off, its voltage is -3 V to -25 V. When an RS-232- C data transmit and receive signal is in mark (one) condition, its voltage is -3 V to -25 V. When the data signal is in space (zero) condition, its voltage is +3 V to +25 V. Protective Ground (AA) Protective Ground is the common chassis ground of the TCS. Signal Ground (AB) Signal Ground is the common reference for the data and control lines. Transmitted Data (BA) (Output) Transmitted Data carries the stream of bits generated by the TCS and sent to the DCE. Received Data (BB) (Input) Received Data carries the stream of bits generated by the DCE and received by the TCS. 2-7

22 Request to Send (CA) (Output) In the TCS, Request to Send (RTS) is always on immediately after the power-up sequence and self-tests have finished executing. RTS remains on except during a reset, a long break, or if the power to the TCS is switched off. NOTE This use of Request to Send complies with the RS-232-E standard but precludes operating the TCS in half-duplex mode. Clear to Send (CB) (Input) The TCS polls Clear to Send (CTS) each time a code is to be transmitted to the DCE over the serial link. If CTS is off, the code is not sent. When the DCE switches CTS off, transmission from the TCS halts on the next code boundary. The TCS can be set up to ignore this signal in 3-wire systems. Normally, the standard does not allow the DCE to switch CTS high or low at random. However, this technique is commonly used to allow DCE to halt transmission from the TCS via a hardware signal. Allowing switched operation of CTS to halt transmission is compatible with operation as described by the RS-449 standard. Data Set Ready (CC) (Input) Data Set Ready (DSR) is set on by the DCE when ready for operation. The TCS polls DSR before every code transmission to the DCE. If DSR is off, the code is not sent to the DCE. The TCS can be set up to ignore this signal in 3-wire systems. Data Terminal Ready (CD) (Output) Data Terminal Ready (DTR) is switched on by the TCS as soon as the power-up sequence and self-tests are concluded. DTR remains on at all times, except during a reset or long break. DTR is switched off for the duration of the reset or long break signal and is reasserted on following the break, regardless of the state of the DSR. The RS-232-E standard specifies that once DTR is switched off by the terminal, DTR can not be driven on again until Data Set Ready from the DCE is switched off. Because the TCS supports a minimal 3-wire, RS-232-E interface where unconnected control circuits such as DSR are biased on, DTR operation is independent of DSR. Data Carrier Detect (CF) (Input) Data Carrier Detect (DCD) is switched on by the DCE whenever the DCE detects a suitable primary carrier in the receive state. The primary carrier is the telephone line connection, or if a null-modem cable is used, the proper hard-wired connection. RLSD allows one station to determine whether the station at the other end has valid contact. If RLSD is off, the Received Data line is ignored by the TCS. Secondary Request to Send (SCA) (Output) Secondary Request to Send (SRTS) is switched off by the TCS whenever the TCS stalls the host. SRTS is switched on by the TCS whenever the TCS unstalls the host. The SRTS line can be used to implement a control line hold-off of the host. 2-8

23 56DQG56 The unbalanced interface defined by the RS-232-E standard is suitable for many installations. But for installations requiring increased line lengths, especially at high data rates, problems begin to emerge. It becomes difficult to distinguish between valid data signals and noise due to ground shifts or electromagnetic interference. To overcome these problems, the EIA established the RS-422-A standard as an alternative to unbalanced transmission. With RS-422-A, transmitted and received data are each carried on a pair of signal lines that are independent of signal ground. The balanced lines carry data as a differential signal. With this type of transmission, noise generally appears as common-mode levels and is rejected by the differential line receiver. When using RS-422, the balanced Transmitted Data lines are connected to pins 14 and 15, and the balanced Received Data lines are connected to pins 9 and 10. Pins 13 and 23 must be connected to enable the RS-422 drivers. Pins 17 and 18 must be connected to provide a 100-ohm termination on the transmit pins and pins 24 and 25 must be connected to provide a 100-ohm termination on the receive pins. In 1983, the EIA established the RS-485 standard which provides the features of RS-422 but also allows up to 32 drivers and receivers to exist on the same communication link. RS-485, by nature, will only support half-duplex communications. When using RS-485, the balanced Transmitted Data/Received Data lines are connected to pins 9 and 10. Pins 13 and 23 must be connected to enable the RS-485 drivers. Pins 24 and 25 must be connected to provide a 100-ohm termination on the transmit/receive pins. When using RS-422 or RS-485, the RS-232-E data lines Transmitted Data (pin 2) and Received Data (pin 3) are not used, and must be left disconnected. :KHQ6KRXOG56%H8VHG" The interconnecting cable is too long for effective unbalanced operation. With RS-232-E there is a recommended limit of 15 meters (50 feet) between stations. Using RS-422, that distance can be up to 1200 meters (4000 feet). The interconnecting cable is exposed to excessive extraneous electrical noise sources. Equipment that complies with the RS-422 standard exhibits better noise immunity than can be achieved using the RS-232-E standard. Interference with other signals must be minimized. The signals must be inverted. This can be done simply by reversing the leads at one end of each pair of data lines. Ground loop problems exist. :KHQ6KRXOG56%H8VHG" Multiple TCS s are connected to the host on the same data link (a multidrop configuration). In a multidrop configuration, the total length of the interconnecting cables should not exceed 1200 meters. 2-9

24 3UHYHQWLQJDQG'HWHFWLQJ(UURUV Because communication with the host computer occurs over a serial hardware link, noisy or faulty connections can possibly corrupt the data stream and introduce errors. The TCS uses techniques to minimize the possible effects of several types of communication errors. In particular, to maintain communication integrity, the TCS monitors and reports the following types of errors: Framing Error A Framing Error occurs when a code is received without a following stop bit. When a framing error occurs, the single mnemonic character FE is displayed in place of the character in error. Buffer Overflow A Buffer Overflow Error occurs when one or more codes have overflowed the TCS input buffer and been lost. When a buffer overflow error occurs, the single mnemonic character BO is displayed on the screen instead of the codes that were lost. Overrun Error An Overrun Error occurs when a received code is overwritten by the next code before it can be read from the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) in the TCS. When an overrun error occurs, the code that was overrun is lost, the single mnemonic character OE is displayed, and the code that overran the previous code is interpreted normally. Parity Error A Parity Error occurs when a code is received with an incorrect parity. When a parity error occurs, the single mnemonic character PE is displayed in place of the code in error. (The TCS checks for parity errors only when the user has enabled parity checking; see Parity Bit earlier in this chapter.) %XIIHU2YHUIORZ&RQWURO To prevent the TCS and host from overflowing each other s input buffers, the TCS supports two methods of communication control: exercising the SRTS and CTS control lines and sending XON (17 decimal) and XOFF (19 decimal) codes. The method used depends on whether the XON/XOFF mode is set. For a complete description of XON/XOFF, refer to Chapter 4. NOTE Throughout this manual, the terms stall and unstall refer to the stopping and starting of data flow between the TCS and host, using either the control lines or the XON and XOFF codes. To prevent its own input buffer from overflowing, the TCS stalls the host. When the TCS is ready to accept more data, it unstalls the host. Similarly, to prevent the host s input buffer from overflowing, the host stalls the TCS, and when ready to receive more data, the host unstalls the TCS. The input and output buffers each hold a maximum of 636 codes. 2-10

25 Regardless of the state of the XON/XOFF mode, the TCS can stall and unstall the host only after two-way communication of control codes is established. Two-way communication of control codes occurs when multidrop operation is disabled, multidrop is enabled and TCS is addressed individually, or when multidrop is enabled and TCS 1 is addressed in broadcast mode. 6WDOOLQJWKH+RVW When XON/XOFF mode is on, the TCS stalls the host by sending an XOFF code and switching the SRTS line to off. When XON/XOFF mode is off, the TCS stalls the host by switching the SRTS line off. The TCS stalls the host when any of the following conditions exist: The TCS input buffer is 75% full and the next code received is not a communication control code. This is the first warning. The TCS input buffer is 100% full, the buffer has not yet overflowed, and the next code is not a communication control code. This is the second warning. If additional codes are received while the input buffer is full, the TCS does not stall the host again. However, communication control codes do not overflow the input buffer; they are received and processed even while the input buffer is full. Any other code received while the input buffer is full is ignored by TCS. The host addresses the TCS for two-way communication and the TCS input buffer is 75% or more full. This applies when a TCS not addressed by two-way communication is addressed individually or when TCS is addressed in a broadcast mode. The TCS address is changed to RS232 or RS422, the TCS was not addressed for two-way communication, and the input buffer is 75% or more full. 8QVWDOOLQJWKH+RVW When XON/XOFF mode is on, the TCS unstalls the host by switching SRTS on and sending an XON code. When XON/XOFF mode is off, the TCS unstalls the host by switching the SRTS line on. The TCS unstalls the host when any of the following conditions exist: The TCS has emptied its input buffer and the host was previously stalled due to a filled TCS input buffer, but the user has not stalled the host by pressing Ctrl/S. A Reset command has been completed and the TCS is ready to receive input from the host. When the TCS performs an acknowledged disconnect or mandatory disconnect as part of the multidrop protocol and it had previously stalled the host. Multidrop protocol is described later in this chapter. When the multidrop address is changed, if the TCS was previously addressed and had stalled the host. The host addresses the TCS for two-way communication using multidrop protocol and the TCS input buffer is less than 75% full. This applies when a TCS that is not addressed for two-way communication is addressed individually or when TCS 1 is addressed in broadcast mode. 2-11

26 When the TCS address is changed from RS232 or RS485 to a multidrop address and the host has been stalled. The TCS address is changed to RS232 or RS485, the TCS was not addressed for two-way communication, and the input buffer is less than 75% full. When XON/XOFF mode is on, the user can manually unstall the host by pressing Ctrl/Q on the optional keyboard, as long as the host is not in a stall condition as a result of a filled TCS input buffer. If the host is stalled for this reason, pressing Ctrl/Q will not override the stall. Refer to XON/XOFF Mode Command in Chapter 4 for a full description of how TCS handles Ctrl/Q keystrokes. 6WDOOLQJWKH7&6 When XON/XOFF mode is on, the host can stall the TCS by turning the CTS line off, or by sending an XOFF code, or both. When XON/XOFF mode is off, the host stalls the TCS by turning the CTS line off. To improve performance, the TCS uses a two character transmit buffer. Upon receiving a stall signal from the host, the TCS stops all transmissions when the twocharacter transmit buffer is emptied. In some situations, the host is unable to accept more than one character when the stall signal is sent. Under these conditions, the TCS can be configured in Setup to use a single character transmit buffer which would result in transmissions stopping on the next code boundary after the stall signal was received. 8QVWDOOLQJWKH7&6 How the host unstalls the TCS depends on how the TCS was stalled. If the host stalled the TCS by switching the CTS line off, it unstalls the TCS by switching CTS on. If the host stalled the TCS by sending an XOFF code, it must send an XON mode to unstall the TCS. Note that TCS ignores XON and XOFF codes when XON/XOFF mode is disabled. 2-12

27 &+$37(5352*5$00,1*29(59,(:,1752'8&7,21 This chapter provides a general overview of Touch Control Screen (TCS) programming. Topics include: Coding standards Communication environments Communication codes Character sets TCS commands A general description of control strings How to generate remote commands from the host A summary of TCS status reports A summary of selectable modes Detailed descriptions of the TCS Mode commands Except for the TCS Mode commands, which are described in this chapter, commands mentioned in this chapter are described in detail in the rest of this manual. For quick reference to a particular command, refer to the command lookup tables in Appendix B. 5(/$7('$16,67$1'$5'6 The TCS conforms to the following standards for representing characters and controls: ANSI X American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) ANSI X American National Standard Code Extension Techniques for Use With 7 bit Coded Character Set of American National Standard Code for Information Interchange ANSI X American National Standard Additional Controls for Use With American National Standard Code for Information Interchange All TCS controls comply with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard X Some TCS controls are ANSI-specified; others are ANSI- compatible DEC-private or ANSI-compatible TCS-private. The ANSI standard referenced throughout the rest of this manual is Standard X

28 &20081,&$7,21(19,5210(176 The TCS can communicate with the host using either 7 or 8 data bits. The number of data bits is selected by setting the Data Bits parameter in the Setup Screen. (See the Data Bits command in Chapter 4.) When the TCS is set for 7-bit communication, the TCS sends and receives 7-bit codes. Seven-bit communication allows the host and the TCS to send and receive the lower 128 codes directly. The upper 128 codes are sent and received using 7-bit codes with the control codes Shift Out (<SO>, 0E hex) and Shift In (<SI>, 0F hex). This technique is explained in detail in Chapter 5. When the TCS is set for 8-bit communication, the TCS sends and receives 8-bit codes. Eight-bit communication allows the host and the TCS to send and receive the full set of 256 codes directly. &20081,&$7,21&2'(6 ASCII established a widely used set of 7-bit codes for representing 128 characters for transmission. The code set includes displayable characters (including letters, numbers, and punctuation) and non-displayable control codes (which perform specific functions, such as sounding a beeper or moving a cursor). To represent the 128 ASCII codes plus an additional 128 codes, the TCS extends the ASCII code set by including an additional high-order bit, thereby converting 7-bit ASCII codes to 8-bit codes. The host and the TCS can thereby send each other any of 256 possible codes (decimal 0 through 255). Of these 256 codes, ANSI has designated 66 as control codes and 190 as graphic codes. &+$5$&7(56(76 The TCS has two character sets corresponding to the codes that can be sent by the host. The Standard Character Set corresponds to the lower 128 codes; the Extended Character Set corresponds to the upper 128 codes. The contents of these character sets can be changed as described in Chapter 5, Character Set and Character Font Commands. The default contents of the character sets are documented in Appendix C. &RQWURO&RGHV Of the 256 communication codes, 66 are reserved by ANSI as control codes. Individual control codes perform specific functions in the TCS, such as sounding the beeper or moving the cursor, and do not normally cause the display of a corresponding graphic character. Half of the control codes can be sent using 7-bit ASCII codes. Thirty-two of these codes correspond to columns 0 and l of the Standard Character Set (code values 00 through lf hexadecimal). The thirty-third 7-bit control code corresponds to the last location in the Standard Character Set (code value 7F). The other half of the control codes can only be sent using 8-bit ASCII codes. Thirty-two of these codes correspond to columns 8 and 9 of the Extended Character Set (code values 80 through 9F hexadecimal). The thirty-third 8-bit control code corresponds to the last location in the Extended Character Set (code value FF). 3-2