Posters 417. NESUG '92 Proceedings. usinq Annotate Data sets to Enhance Contour Graphics output. Shi Tao Yeh, Environmental Resources Kanaqement, ~nc.

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1 Posters 417 usinq Annotate Data sets to Enhance Contour Graphics output Shi Tao Yeh, Environmental Resources Kanaqement, ~nc. I. Introduction The GCONTOUR procedure in the SAS/GRAPH produces contour plpts. The users can draw each contour level with a different color and line style, or specify patterns to fill each contour level. This paper describes the techniques of using annotate data sets to enhance the contour graphics output. The annotate 'data sets are special SAS data sets, which contain the commands or functions that allow users to customize SAS/GRAPH procedure output. This paper uses annotate data sets to position text labels, and to place symbols in a customized contour graph. The enhancements are discussed in the following three areas: 1) contour map with posting data positions and values, DATA F1; INPUT x y gl CARDS; e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ) contour map with contour level values on some contour lines; and, 3) contour map with posting flow direction symbols. Figure 1 sample Input Data II. original contour Map from GCONTOUR Procedure The following hypothetic data are used throughout this paper for illustration purpose. Figure 1 shows the input data set. The data set contains observations with x, y coordinates; and gl,a third dimension contour variable. An example SAS program in Figure 2 which produces map in Figure 3. is shown a contour III. contour Map with posting Data positions and Values In some applications, the distribution of data points can be used to judge relative sampling density and thus qualitatively measure overall sample sufficiency and confidence in any given contour line. Showing the data points and its values on the contour map is helpful. Figure 4 shows a macro module proc g3grid data=f1 out=ol; grid x * y = gl/spline axis1 = to by 24 axis2 = to by 23; goption device=hpljs2 rotate; proc gcontour data = 01; title 'original Contour Map'; plot y * x = gl/level = 0 to 450 by 25; Figure 2 Example SAS Program with annotate data set to contour map with posting tions and values in Figure produce a data posi- 5.

2 418 Posters Original Contour Map Gl a._ ISO l ZlO loa H5 Figure 3 Original contour Map This macro specifies some basic variables of annotate data set. %macro slen; length function xc yc style $ 8: length text $ 3; length angle 3.; function = 'label'; xc Xi yc = y; XSYS = '2' i ysys = '2'; angle = 0; style = 'triplex'; %mend slen; This data set produces data points values. data dp: set fl; text gl; size = 0.6; This data set produces data point positions. data dp1; set dp; function = 'symbol'; style = 'special': text = 'L'; size = 1.5; if < x then x = ; if x < then x = ; if y < then y = ; Make adjustments for the data on display edges data dp2; set dp; if y >= y y - 10: yc = yc - 10; else do; y y + 10: yc yc + 10; I if < x then x = j Figure 4 Example Program to produce Figure 5 Figure 4

3 Posters 41.9 data a2; set dpl dp2; %macro cplot; goption device=hpljs2 rotate; proc gcontour data=ol ; plot y * x = gl/levels = 0 to 450 by 25 nolegend annotate=a2 ; %mend cplot; %cplot title 'Contour Map with Posting Data Points'; Find grid data point near a contour line i and convert its value into i %macro level(i,j); hi = &i + &j; 1111 = &i - &j; if gl < hi and gl > lw gl = &i; output; %mend level; For every level in the map, use macro %level to convert grid value Figure 4 IV. contour Map Levels with Posting contour %macro hilw(m,n) ; %do j = 0 %to 450 %by &m; %level (&j, &n) % %mend hilw; The Gcontour procedure provides a LEGEND statement option for users to Figure 6 Example program to Produce Figure 7 Contour Map with Posting Data Points, j9!j/ar =~----~~~----~~~~~~~~=_--~--~1 59! III H1041 " J~~----~~----~~------~-+~~~~~~~~-+~~--~--~~-+~ lS0 209\ Figure 5 Contour Map with Posting Data Points NESUG '92 proceedings

4 420 Posters Process and convert grid data set data f2; set 01.; %hilw (25,1.), Map is divided by sections %macro getone(k) ; data s&k; set f2; lw = (&k - 1) * 1.50; hi = &k * 150; if x > lw and x <= hi; proc sort;by gl; Keep only one grid data for each level (if one exists) for each section data s&k; set s&k; by gl; if last.gl; %mend getone;. Map is divided by 4 sections in this case %macro getmul(n); %do k = 1 %to &n; %getone(&k) % %mend getmul; Process annotate data for each section data f2; set f2; text = gl; style = 'triplex'; size = 0.6; angle = mod(gl,2) * ; %getmul(4) data a2; set sl s2 s3 s4; %cplot title 'Contour Map with contour Level Values'; 'Figure 6 (Cont'4) Figure 6 (Cont'4) Contour Map with Contour Level Values H2184 S92'041 '. IIlagl 19"11~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~+-~~~~~4-~~ / tlll0 10!1,00 10UII0 IOtllOO Figure 7 contour Map with Posting contour Levels

5 Posters 421 specify the legend showing contour levels and the type of line used to represent each level appear at the bottom of the plot. If users specify NOLEGEND then the information of the contour levels and of the type of line will not appear on the map. A example SAS program in Figure 6 can produce a contour map with posting contour levels. in Figure 7. v. contour Map with posting Centered Syml:Iols Another enchancement is to show the flow directions of the surface. An arrow or other centered symbol may be used to indicate the flow directions from the local maximum contour value towards the local minimum value. A SAS program in Figure 8 can produce a contour map with posting centered symbols in Figure 9. compute the angle of centered symbol for the grid data in the 1st and 3rd quadrants %macro angl(start,n,m,b); do i = 0 to &n; if (&start + ( i * &m» <= y and y < (&start + (i + 1) * &m) then angle = ( %mend angl: i * 15) + &b; compute the angle of centered symbol for the grid data in the 2nd and 4th quadrants %macro ang2(start,n,m,b); do i = 0 to &n; if (&start - «i+l) * &m» <= y and y < (&start - (i * &m» then angle = ( i * 15) + &b; end: %mend ang2: data f3: set 01; %hilw(lo,l) Figure 8 Example Program to Produce Figure 9 construct annotate data set for 1* the 1st local maximium area data ql; set f3: function = 'symbol': style = 'math '; text='g'; if y <= then delete; if x >= %angl(592l67,6,20,0) if x < %ang2(592307,6,20,105) if x < %ang2(592187,3,20,195) if <= Y and y < then angle = 240; if x >= %angl(592027,5,20,285) 1* Construct annotate data set for 1* the 2nd local maximium area data f5; set 01; %hilw(25,5) data q2: set f5; function = 'symbol'; style = 'math '; text-'g' ; if Y >= or x < then delete; if x >= %angl(591830,6,20,0) Figure 8 if x < and x > then do: if <= Y and y < then angle = 105: %ang2(591950,8,20,120) if >= y then delete; end: if x >= then do: if >= y then delete; start=591830; do i = 0 to 3; if (start - «i+l) 20» <= y and y < (start - i 20) then 15) angle = (i * ; NESUG '92 proceedings

6 422 Posters construct annotate data set for the 1st local minimium area data q3; function = 'symbol'; style = 'math '; text='g' ; set f3; if x > then delete; if y > then delete; if x >= %ang1(591790,4,20,180) if <= Y and y < then angle = 270; if x < %ang2(592030,3,45,285) if <= Y and y < then angle = 340; if <= Y and y < 59H92 then angle = 30; if x >= if <= y and y < then angle = 135; if x < and y > then ang1e=250; if 49 < gl and gl < 51 then angle = 200; set annotate data sets together and make display edge adjustments data a2; set q1 q2 q3; if y > then delete; if y < then delete; if x < then delete; if x > then delete; %cplot t:it1e 'Contour Map with posting Centered Symbol', Fiqure 8 Fiqure 8 Contour Map with Posting Centered Symbol Fiqure 9 contour Map with Posting centered Symbols NESUG '92 proceedings

7 Posters 423 VI. Conclusion The annotate data set in SAS/GRAPH is a rewarding and powerful tool which provides users with facility to customize graphics output. The enhanced graphics become more appealing. SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute, cary, NC, OSA