Basic Waves, Sound & Light Waves, and the E & M Spectrum

Transcription

1 Basic Waves, Sound & Light Waves, and the E & M Spectrum 1. What are the amplitude and wavelength of the wave shown below? A) amplitude = 0.10 m, wavelength = 0.30 m B) amplitude = 0.10 m, wavelength = 0.60 m C) amplitude = 0.20 m, wavelength = 0.30 m D) amplitude = 0.20 m, wavelength = 0.60 m 2. A transverse wave passes through a uniform material medium from left to right, as shown in the diagram below. Which diagram best represents the direction of vibration of the particles of the medium? A) B) C) D) 3. The diagram below shows a transverse wave moving toward the left along a rope. At the instant shown, point P on the rope is moving toward the A) bottom of the page B) top of the page C) left of the page D) right of the page

2 Base your answers to questions 4 and 5 on the accompanying diagram which represents a sound wave and its corresponding pattern on an oscilloscope screen. 4. What type of wave is the sound wave? A) elliptical B) transverse C) torsional D) longitudinal 5. What is the wavelength of the sound wave? A) 1 m B) 2 m C) 8 m D) 4 m 6. Which graph best represents the relationship between the frequency and period of a wave? A) B) 8. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a wave traveling to the right along an elastic medium. C) D) 7. The diagram below shows a piston being moved back and forth to generate a wave. The piston produces a compression, C, every 0.50 second. The frequency of this wave is A) 1.0 Hz B) 2.0 Hz C) Hz D) Hz If the frequency of the wave is 0.25 cycle per second, the period of the wave is A) 1 s B) 2 s C) 0.25 s D) 4.0 s 9. The number of cycles of a periodic wave occurring per unit time is called the wave's A) wavelength B) period C) amplitude D) frequency

3 10. The diagram illustrates the wave pattern formed when a stone is dropped into still water. 16. The periodic wave in the diagram below has a frequency of 40. hertz. What does the collection of points on the outermost circle represent? A) a wave front B) a wavelength C) the frequency D) the period Base your answers to questions 11 through 15 on the diagram below which represents a segment of a periodic wave traveling to the right in a steel spring. What is the speed of the wave? A) 13 m/s B) 27 m/s C) 60. m/s D) 120 m/s 17. A wave generator located 4.0 meters from a reflecting wall produces a standing wave in a string, as shown in the diagram below. 11. What is the amplitude of the wave? A) 2.5 m B) 2.0 m C) 0.2 m D) 0.4 m 12. What is the wavelength of the wave? A) 1.0 m B) 2.0 m C) 2.5 m D) 0.4 m 13. If a wave crest passes line XY every 0.40 second, the frequency of the wave is A) 1.0 Hz B) 2.5 Hz C) 5.0 Hz D) 0.4 Hz 14. Which two points on the wave are in phase? A) A and D B) B and E C) C and I D) C and H 15. What type of wave is illustrated by the diagram? A) torsional B) longitudinal C) elliptical D) transverse If the speed of the wave is 10. meters per second, what is its frequency? A) 0.40 Hz B) 5.0 Hz C) 10. Hz D) 40. Hz 18. Astronauts traveling toward Earth in a fast-moving spacecraft receive a radio signal from an antenna on Earth. Compared to the frequency and wavelength of the radio signal emitted from the antenna, the radio signal received by the astronauts has a A) lower frequency and a shorter wavelength B) lower frequency and a longer wavelength C) higher frequency and a shorter wavelength D) higher frequency and a longer wavelength 19. A source of waves and an observer are moving relative to each other. The observer will detect a steadily increasing frequency if A) he moves toward the source at a constant speed B) the source moves away from him at a constant speed C) he accelerates toward the source D) the source accelerates away from him 20. In which medium does sound have the greatest speed? A) vacuum B) air C) water D) steel

4 21. A television remote control is used to direct pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a receiver on a television. This communication from the remote control to the television illustrates that electromagnetic radiation A) is a longitudinal wave B) possesses energy inversely proportional to its frequency C) diffracts and accelerates in air D) transfers energy without transferring mass 22. A tuning fork vibrating in air produces sound waves. These waves are best classified as A) transverse, because the air molecules are vibrating parallel to the direction of wave motion B) transverse, because the air molecules are vibrating perpendicular to the direction of wave motion C) longitudinal, because the air molecules are vibrating parallel to the direction of wave motion D) longitudinal, because the air molecules are vibrating perpendicular to the direction of wave motion 23. How are electromagnetic waves that are produced by oscillating charges and sound waves that are produced by oscillating tuning forks similar? A) Both have the same frequency as their respective sources. B) Both require a matter medium for propagation. C) Both are longitudinal waves. D) Both are transverse waves. 24. A single vibratory disturbance moving through a medium is called A) a node B) an antinode C) a standing wave D) a pulse

5 25. Which diagram best represents the shape and direction of a series of wave fronts after they have passed through a small opening in a barrier? A) B) C) D) 26. An electric guitar is generating a sound of constant frequency. An increase in which sound wave characteristic would result in an increase in loudness? A) speed B) period C) wavelength D) amplitude 27. At an outdoor physics demonstration, a delay of 0.50 seconds was observed between the time sound waves left a loudspeaker and the time these sound waves reached a student through the air. If the air is at STP, how far was the student from the speaker? A) m B) m C) m D) m 28. The time required for light to travel a distance of meters is closest to A) s B) s C) s D) 4.5 l0 19 s 29. A beam of parallel rays of light is reflected from a plane mirror. After reflection, the rays will be A) converging B) diverging C) parallel D) diffused 30. As the wavelength of a visible light beam is increased from violet to red, the speed of the light in a vacuum A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 31. As a sound wave passes from water, where the speed is meters per second, into air, the wave s speed A) decreases and its frequency remains the same B) increases and its frequency remains the same C) remains the same and its frequency decreases D) remains the same and its frequency increases 32. When the energy used to produce a sound wave increases, the amplitude of the wave A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same

6 33. A car traveling at 70 kilometers per hour accelerates to pass a truck. When the car reaches a speed of 90 kilometers per hour the driver hears the glove compartment door start to vibrate. By the time the speed of the car is 100 kilometers per hour, the glove compartment door has stopped vibrating.this vibrating phenomenon is an example of A) the Doppler effect B) diffraction C) resonance D) destructive interference 34. The phenomenon in which one vibrating object causes another to vibrate is called A) rarefaction B) reflection C) refraction D) resonance 35. The diagram below represents a light ray striking the boundary between air and glass. What would be the angle between this light ray and its reflected ray? A) 30. B) 60. C) 120. D) Which of the following is caused by the interference of sound waves? A) echoes B) pitch C) the Doppler effect D) standing waves 37. The diagram below represents a view from above of a tank of water in which parallel wave fronts are traveling toward a barrier. Which arrow represents the direction of travel for the wave fronts after being reflected from the barrier? A) A B) B C) C D) D 38. The pattern of bright and dark bands observed when monochromatic light passes through two narrow slits is due to A) polarization B) reflection C) refraction D) interference 39. A light ray is incident upon a cylindrical reflecting surface as shown in the diagram. The ray will most likely be reflected toward letter A) A B) B C) C D) D

7 Base your answers to questions 40 through 44 on the diagram below. The diagram shows two light rays originating from source S in medium y. The dashed line represents a normal to each surface. 46. The behavior of the light incident upon this page best illustrates the phenomenon of A) diffraction B) refraction C) regular reflection D) diffuse reflection 47. The diagram below shows light rays in air about to strike a glass window. 40. Which light ray would not be produced in this situation? A) A B) B C) C D) E 41. A reflected light ray is ray A) A B) B C) C D) E 42. Which two angles must be equal? A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 1 and Light originating from source S could produce total internal reflection at A) surface yz, only B) surface xy, only C) neither surface xy nor yz 44. Compared to the speed of light in medium x, the speed of light in medium z is A) less B) greater C) the same When the rays reach the boundary between the air and the glass, the light is A) totally refracted B) totally reflected C) partially reflected and partially diffracted D) partially reflected and partially refracted 48. When a pulse traveling in a medium strikes the boundary of a different medium, the energy of the pulse will be A) completely absorbed by the boundary B) entirely transmitted into the new medium C) entirely reflected back into the original medium D) partly reflected back into the original medium and partly transmitted or absorbed into the new medium 45. A wave is diffracted as it passes through an opening in a barrier. The amount of diffraction that the wave undergoes depends on both the A) amplitude and frequency of the incident wave B) wavelength and speed of the incident wave C) wavelength of the incident wave and the size of the opening D) amplitude of the incident wave and the size of the opening

8 49. The diagram below represents shallow water waves of wavelength passing through two small openings, A and B, in a barrier. How much longer is the length of path AP than the length of path BP? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents red light incident upon a double-slit barrier, producing an interference pattern on a screen. The wavelength of the red light is meter, the distance between the slits is meter, and is meter. Which diagram best describes the pattern observed on the screen? A) B) C) D)

9 51. A beam of monochromatic light approaches a barrier having four openings, A, B, C, and D, of different sizes as shown below. 54. A laser beam is directed at the surface of a smooth, calm pond as represented in the diagram below. Which opening will cause the greatest diffraction? A) A B) B C) C D) D 52. Waves pass through a 10.-centimeter opening in a barrier without being diffracted. This observation provides evidence that the wavelength of the waves is A) much shorter than 10. cm B) equal to 10. cm C) longer than 10. cm, but shorter than 20. cm D) longer than 20. cm 53. As shown in the diagram below, a beam of light can pass through the length of a curved glass fiber. Which organisms could be illuminated by the laser light? A) the bird and the fish B) the bird and the seaweed C) the crab and the seaweed D) the crab and the fish 55. The diagram below shows a ray of light being refracted as it passes from air into glass. Which letter represents the angle of refraction for the light ray? A) A B) B C) C D) D This phenomenon is possible due to the effect of A) dispersion B) internal reflection C) refraction D) diffraction

10 56. Which diagram best represents the behavior of a ray of monochromatic light in air incident on a block of crown glass? A) B) C) D) 57. The diagram below represents straight wave fronts passing from deep water into shallow water, with a change in speed and direction. Which phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram? A) reflection B) refraction C) diffraction D) interference 58. What occurs when light passes from water into flint glass? A) Its speed decreases, its wavelength becomes shorter, and its frequency remains the same. B) Its speed decreases, its wavelength becomes shorter, and its frequency increases. C) Its speed increases, its wavelength becomes longer, and its frequency remains the same. D) Its speed increases, its wavelength becomes longer, and its frequency decreases. 59. The diagram below represents wave fronts traveling from medium X into medium Y. All points on any one wave front shown must be A) traveling with the same speed B) traveling in the same medium C) in phase D) superposed

11 60. In the diagram below, a ray of monochromatic light (A) and a ray of polychromatic light (B) are both incident upon an air-glass interface. 63. If the critical angle of glass is 45, the light rays, shown in the diagram will be Which phenomenon could occur with ray B, but not with ray A? A) dispersion B) reflection C) polarization D) refraction 61. When a ray of white light is refracted and dispersed, the component color that has the greatest change in direction is A) orange B) red C) violet D) green 62. In which diagram below could the light source and optical device be used to demonstrate the phenomenon of dispersion? A) B) A) reflected B) refracted C) dispersed D) diffracted 64. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. Total internal reflection may occur when substance x is A) diamond B) benzene C) glycerol D) water 65. The diagram below shows a ray of light passing through two media. C) D) When the wave travels from medium A into medium B, its speed A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 66. Which characteristic of a light wave must increase as the light wave passes from glass into air? A) amplitude B) frequency C) period D) wavelength

12 67. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which show the paths of beams of monochromatic light as they reach the boundary between two media. N is the normal to the surface. [the index of refraction for benzene is 1.50] 68. The diagram below represents a light ray traveling from crown glass into air. The position of the light source is changed to vary the angle As approaches the critical angle, the angle of refraction approaches A) 0 B) 41 C) 90 D) A light ray passes from air into glass as shown in the diagram below. The beam of light will undergo total internal reflection at the boundary in diagram A) A B) B C) C D) D Which relationship represents the index of refraction of the glass? A) B) C) D) 70. A ray of monochromatic light (Wavelength = 5.9 x 10 7 meter) traveling in air is incident on an interface with a liquid at an angle of 45, as shown in the diagram below. If the absolute index of refraction of the liquid is 1.4, the angle of refraction for the light ray is closest to A) 10. B) 20. C) 30. D) 40.

13 71. The direction of a light ray in air will change most when the light ray obliquely strikes and then enters A) lucite B) glycerol C) alcohol D) water 72. An accelerating particle that does not generate electromagnetic waves could be A) a neutron B) a proton C) an electron D) an alpha particle 73. Which is a source of electromagnetic radiation? A) a neutron at constant velocity B) a neutron accelerating C) a proton at constant velocity D) a proton accelerating 74. A microwave and an x ray are traveling in a vacuum. Compared to the wavelength and period of the microwave, the x ray has a wavelength that is A) longer and a period that is shorter B) longer and a period that is longer C) shorter and a period that is longer D) shorter and a period that is shorter 75. Which phrase best describes the phenomenon illustrated by the diagram below? 76. While playing, two children create a standing wave in a rope, as shown in the diagram below. A third child participates by jumping the rope. What is the wavelength of this standing wave? A) 2.15 m B) 4.30 m C) 6.45 m D) 8.60 m 77. The diagram below shows sunglasses being used to eliminate glare. Which phenomenon of light is represented in the diagram? A) dispersion B) diffraction C) internal reflection D) polarization 78. Which characterizes a polarized wave? A) transverse and vibrating in one plane B) transverse and vibrating in all directions C) circular and vibrating at random D) longitudinal and vibrating at random A) scattering and diffraction B) reflection and interference C) transmission and Doppler effect D) refraction and dispersion

14 Base your answers to questions 79 through 82 on the diagram below which represents a ray of monochromatic yellow light incident upon a block of lucite at point A,and continuing through the lucite to point B. 83. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below. A ray of monochromatic light of frequency hertz is traveling from water into medium. The angle of incidence in water is and the angle of refraction in medium is, as shown. 79. What is the critical angle for Lucite? 80. After the ray reaches point B, it will pass through point A) E B) F C) C D) D 81. The frequency of the yellow light in the lucite is approximately A) B) C) D) 82. What is the speed of the yellow light in the Lucite? A) B) C) D) Medium X is most likely what material?

15 Base your answers to questions 84 through 86 on the information and diagram below. A monochromatic beam of yellow light, AB, is incident upon a Lucite block in air at an angle of Calculate the angle of refraction for incident beam AB. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] 85. Compare the speed of the yellow light in air to the speed of the yellow light in Lucite. 86. Using a straightedge, a protractor, and your answer from the previous question, draw an arrow to represent the path of the refracted beam.

16 Base your answers to questions 87 through 89 on the information and wave diagrams below. Two waves, A and B, pass through the same medium at the same time. 87. On the grid provided above, sketch the wave pattern produced when the two waves interfere. 88. Name a wave characteristic that is the same for both wave A and wave B. 89. Name a wave charactertistic that is different for wave A and wave B.

17 90. The diagram below represents a periodic wave moving along a rope. On the grid above, draw at least one full wave with the same amplitude and half the wavelength of the given wave.

18 91. A wave generator having a constant frequency produces parallel wave fronts in a tank of water of two different depths. The diagram below represents the wave fronts in the deep water. As the wave travels from the deep water into the shallow water, the speed of the waves decreases. On the diagram above, use a straightedge to draw at least three lines to represent the wave fronts, with appropriate spacing, in the shallow water. 92. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength meter traveling through air is incident on an interface with corn oil. Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in corn oil. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

19 Base your answers to questions 93 through 95 on the information and diagram below. A ray of monochromatic light having a frequency of 5.09 x hertz is incident on an interface of air and corn oil at an angle of 35º as shown. The ray is transmitted through parallel layers of corn oil and glycerol and is then reflected from the surface of a plane mirror, located below and parallel to the glycerol layer. The ray then emerges from the corn oil back into the air at point P 93. Calculate the angle of refraction of the light ray as it enters the corn oil from air. [Show all work, including the equation and the substitution with units.] 94. Explain why the ray does not bend at the corn oil-glycerol interface. 95. On the diagram above, use a protractor and straightedge to construct the refracted ray representing the light emerging at point P into air.

20 Base your answers to questions 96 and 97 on the information and diagram below. A student standing on a dock observes a piece of wood floating on the water as shown below. As a water wave passes, the wood moves up and down, rising to the top of a wave crest every seconds. 96. Calculate the frequency of the passing water waves. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] 97. Calculate the speed of the water waves. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

21 Base your answers to questions 98 and 99 on the information and diagram below. A ray of light passes from air into a block of transparent material X as shown in the diagram below. 98. The refracted light ray is reflected from the material X air boundary at point P. Using a protractor and straightedge, on the diagram, draw the reflected ray from point P. 99. a Measure the angles of incidence and refraction to the nearest degree for this light ray at the air into material X boundary. b Calculate the absolute index of refraction of material X.[Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

22 100. Base your answer to the questions below on the following information: The sonar of a stationary ship sends a signal with a frequency of hertz down through water. The speed of the signal is meters per second. The echo from the bottom is detected seconds later. a What is the wavelength of the sonar wave? [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.] b What is the depth of the water under the ship? [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.]