Classifier Inspired Scaling for Training Set Selection
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1 Classifier Inspired Scaling for Training Set Selection Walter Bennette DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release: distribution unlimited: 16 May Case #88ABW
2 Outline Instance-based classification Training set selection - ENN - DROP3 - CHC Scaling approaches - Stratified - Classifier inspired Experimental results 2/46
3 Instance-based classification
4 Instance-based classification 4/46
5 Instance-based classification 5/46
6 Instance-based classification 6/46
7 Instance-based classification 7/46
8 Instance-based classification 8/46
9 Instance-based classification 9/46
10 Instance-based classification 10/46
11 Instance-based classification 11/46
12 Instance-based classification 12/46
13 Instance-based classification 13/46
14 Instance-based classification What are they used for? Classification of gene expression Content-based image retrieval Text categorization Load forecasting assistant for power company 14/46
15 Instance-based classification What if there is a large amount of data? 15/46
16 Instance-based classification What if there is a huge amount of data? 16/46
17 Instance-based classification What if there is a serious amount of data? 17/46
18 Training set selection (TSS)
19 Training set selection (TSS) Instead of maintaining all of the training data Keep only certain necessary data points 19/46
20 Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN) Formulation: An instance is removed from the training data if its does not agree with the majority of it k nearest neighbors Effect: Makes decision boundaries smoother Doesn't remove much data 20/46
21 Edited Neares Neighbors (ENN) 21/46
22 DROP3 Formulation: DROP3(TrainingsetTR):SelectionsetS. LetS=TRafterapplyingENN. ForeachinstanceXiinS: Findthek+1nearestneighborsofXiinS. AddXitoeachofitslistsofassociates. ForeachinstanceXiinS: Letwith=#ofassociatesofXiclassified correctlywithxiasaneighbor. Letwithout=#ofassociatesofXiclassified correctlywithoutxi. Ifwithout with RemoveXifromS. ForeachassociateaofXiRemoveXifroma slistofneighbors. Findanewnearestneighborfora. Addatoitsnewlistofassociates. Endif Return S. 22/46
23 DROP3 Formulation: Iterative procedure that compares accuracy of neighbors with and without members Effect: Removes much more data than ENN Maintains acceptable accuracy 23/46
24 DROP3 24/46
25 Genetic algorithm (CHC) Formulation: A chromosome is a subset of the training data A binary gene represents each instance Fitness = α Accuracy + (1 α) Reduction Effectiveness: Removes a large amount of data Achieves acceptable accuracy 25/46
26 Genetic algorithm (CHC) 26/46
27 Scaling
28 Scaling As datasets grow, TSS becomes more and more expensive May be prohibitive The vast majority of scaling approaches rely on a stratified approach 28/46
29 No scaling 29/46
30 Stratified scaling 30/46
31 Representative Data Detection (ReDD) Lin et al Used for support vector machines and did not consider data reduction 31/46
32 Our approach
33 Classifier inspired approach Based heavily on ReDD Used for knn and monitor data reduction 33/46
34 The filter The "Balance"" dataset Determine scale positions - Balanced - Leaning right - Leaning left Attributes - Left weight - Left distance - Right weight - Right distance 34/46
35 The filter 35/46
36 The filter 36/46
37 The filter 37/46
38 Experimentation Parameters: Learn a Random Forest for the filter Split data into 1/3rd, 2/3rd Design: Perform for ENN, CHC, and DROP3 with 3-NN Compare no scaling, stratified, and classifier inspired Calculate reduction, accuracy, and computation time with 10-fold CV 38/46
39 Datasets 10 experimental datasets from KEEL 39/46
40 Reduction 40/46
41 Accuracy 41/46
42 Time 42/46
43 Results Maintains accuracy (mostly) Maintains data reduction Slower than stratified approach, but may improve for larger datasets 43/46
44 Future work Perform for many more datasets Apply to very large datasets Investigate if damage can be spotted apriori 44/46
45 Conclusion Promising candidate for scaling Training Set Selection to large datasets 45/46
46 Questions Walter Bennette /46
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