November 21, Angles of Triangles

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1

2 Geometry

3 Essential Question How are the angle measures of a triangle related?

4 Goals Day 1 Classify triangles by their sides Classify triangles by their angles Identify parts of triangles. Find angle measures in triangles.

5 Triangle Symbol Use the picture for triangle.

6 Triangle A triangle is a figure formed by three segments joining three noncollinear points. B A C This is ABC, which can also be named BCA, CAB, BAC, CBA, or ACB.

7 Classifying Triangles by Sides Equilateral Isosceles Scalene

8 Equilateral Triangle Three congruent sides.

9 Isosceles Triangle At least two congruent sides.

10 Scalene Triangle No congruent sides.

11 Classifying Triangles by Angles Right Equiangular Acute Obtuse

12 Right Triangle One Right Angle

13 Equiangular Triangle Three Congruent Angles

14 Acute Triangle Three acute angles

15 Obtuse Triangle One Obtuse Angle

16 And to add to the confusion An equilateral triangle is also equiangular. An equiangular triangle is also acute. An equilateral can be considered an isosceles triangle. An equilateral triangle is also acute.

17 Adjacent and Opposite Sides of a Triangle Two sides that share a common vertex are adjacent sides. The third side is the opposite side from that vertex. A In RAT, RA and RT are adjacent sides. AT is the opposite side from R. R T

18 Isosceles Triangles (In this case, we consider an isosceles triangle with only two congruent sides.) The congruent sides are the LEGS. The third side is the BASE. Leg Leg Base

19 Right Triangle The LEGS form the right angle. The third side (opposite the right angle) is the Hypotenuse. Leg Leg

20 Hypotenuse From the Greek stretched against. Always longer than either leg.

21 What have you learned so far? In the figure, MN QP and MP MQ. Complete the following sentence. P 1. Name the legs of the isosceles triangle PMQ. Segments PM and QM. N Q M

22 What have you learned so far? In the figure, MN QP and MP MQ. Complete the following sentence. 2. Name the base of isosceles triangle PMQ. Segment PQ. N P M Q

23 What have you learned so far? In the figure, MN QP and MP MQ. Complete the following sentence. 3. Name the hypotenuse of right triangle PNM. Segment PM. N P M Q

24 What have you learned so far? In the figure, MN QP and MP MQ. Complete the following sentence. 4. Name the legs of right triangle PNM. N P M Segments NP and NM. Q

25 What have you learned so far? In the figure, MN QP and MP MQ. Complete the following sentence. 5. Name the acute angles of right triangle QNM. Q and NMQ N P M Q

26 Example 1 Classify these triangles by its angles and by its sides. a. c. b. 125 Right, Scalene Obtuse, Isosceles Equiangular, Equilateral Isosceles, Acute

27 5.1 Triangle Sum Theorem The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180. B m A + m B + m C = 180 A C

28 Example 2 Find the measure of 1. Solution: 1 m = 180 m = 180 m 1 = m 1 =

29 Example 3 In MAD: m M = (2x) = 2(20) = 40 m A = (3x) = 3(20) = 60 m D = (4x) = 4(20) = 80 Find the measure of each angle, and classify. Solution: 2x + 3x + 4x = 180 This triangle is acute. 9x = 180 x = 20

30 Example 4 In RST: m R=(5x + 10) m S=(2x + 15) m T=(3x + 35) Find the measure of the three angles and then classify the triangle by angles.

31 Example 4 Solution ACUTE (5x + 10) + (2x + 15) + (3x + 35) = x + 60 = x = 120 x = 12 m R=(5x + 10) = 5(12) + 10 = 70 m S=(2x + 15) = 2(12) + 15 = 39 m T=(3x + 35) = 3(12) + 35 = 71

32 Corollary to Theorem 5.1 The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary. 1 2 m 1 + m = 180 m 1 + m 2 = 90 QED

33 Example 5 Find X 20 x = 70 Since this is a right triangle, the acute angles are complementary, and = 70. x

34 Interior and Exterior Angles Start with a triangle

35 Extend the sides , 2, 3 are INTERIOR ANGLES. They are INSIDE the triangle.

36 , 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 are EXTERIOR ANGLES. They are OUTSIDE the triangle. They are ADJACENT to the interior angles.

37 , 7, and 11 are NOT EXTERIOR ANGLES. They are simply vertical angles to the interior angles.

38 It is common (and less confusing) to draw only one exterior angle at a vertex. 6 3 Exterior angles are always supplementary to the interior angles Interior Angles: 1, 2, 3 Exterior Angles: 4, 5, 6

39 5.2 Exterior Angle Theorem The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two nonadjacent interior angles m 1 = m 2 + m 3

40 Note: Sometimes (usually) the two nonadjacent interior angles are referred to as REMOTE INTERIOR ANGLES. The theorem then reads: An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior angles.

41 5.2 Exterior Angle Thm Proof (Informal) m 2 + m 3 + m 4 = 180 ( angle sum) m 4 + m 1 = 180 (linear pair postulate) m 2 + m 3 + m 4 = m 4 + m 1 (substitution) m 2 + m 3 = m 1 (subtraction)

42 Naming Remote Interior Angles For exterior 1, the remote interior angles are. m 6 + m 8 = m

43 Naming Remote Interior Angles For exterior 4, the remote interior angles are. m 2 + m 8 = m

44 Naming Remote Interior Angles For exterior 5, the remote interior angles are. m 2 + m 8 = m

45 Naming Remote Interior Angles For exterior 9, the remote interior angles are. m 6 + m 2 = m

46 Naming Remote Interior Angles For remote interior angles 6 & 8, the exterior angle is m 6. + m 8 = m 1 = m

47 Naming Remote Interior Angles For remote interior angles 2 & 6, the exterior angle is. m 6 + m 2 = m 7 = m

48 Naming Remote Interior Angles For remote interior angles 2 & 8, the exterior angle is. m 2 + m 8 = m 4 = m

49 Example Find m 1. By Theorem 5.2: m = 110 m 1 = = 65

50 Example 7 (x + 15) + 45 = 3x (x + 15) (3x 10) x + 60 = 3x = 2x x = 35 Solve for x.

51 A Final Challenge Problem Find the measure of each numbered angle

52 Problems for You Use the exterior angle theorem! Write down the equation for each problem and solve.

53 Your Turn. 1. Find m 1 32 Solution: m 1 = m 1 =

54 Solution: 2. Find m 2 m = 165 m 2 =

55 3. Solve for x. 110 (2x + 30) 60 Solution: 2x = 110 2x + 90 = 110 2x = 20 x = 10

56 Solution: 4. Solve for x. 12x 4 = (6x + 8) + 5x 12x 4 = 11x + 8 x = 12 (6x + 8) (5x) (12x 4)

57 Solution: 5. Solve for x. (3x + 2) + (5x 10) = 7x + 3 8x 8 = 7x + 3 (3x + 2) x = 11 (7x + 3) (5x 10)

58 Summary The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary. An exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior angles.

59 Assignment

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