ANSYS AIM Tutorial Steady Flow Past a Cylinder

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1 ANSYS AIM Tutorial Steady Flow Past a Cylinder Author(s): Sebastian Vecchi, ANSYS Created using ANSYS AIM 18.1 Problem Specification Pre-Analysis & Start Up Solution Domain Boundary Conditions Start-Up Geometry Draw Geometry Enclose Suppress Mesh Set Mesh Size and Boundary Layer Generate Mesh Physics Set-Up Create New Material Boundary Conditions / Forces Solution/Results Verification Reference

2 Problem Specification Consider the case of a fluid flowing past a cylinder, as illustrated above. Obtain the velocity and pressure distributions when the Reynolds number is chosen to be 20. In order to simplify the computation, the diameter of the cylinder is set to 1 m, the x component of the velocity is set to 1 m/s and the density of the fluid is set to 1 kg/m^3. Thus, the dynamic viscosity must be set to 0.05 kg/m*s in order to obtain the desired Reynolds number.

3 Pre-Analysis & Start Up Solution Domain For an external flow problem like this, one needs to determine where to place the outer boundary. A square domain will be used for this simulation. The effects that the cylinder has on the flow extend far downstream. Thus, the distance to the outlet end boundary will be much larger than the distance to the inlet boundary. Boundary Conditions First, we will specify a velocity inlet boundary condition. We will set the left side of the outer boundary as a velocity inlet with a velocity of 1 m/s in the x direction. Next, we will use a pressure outlet boundary condition for the right side of the outer boundary with a gauge pressure of 0 Pa. Lastly, we will apply a no slip boundary condition to the cylinder wall. The aforementioned boundary conditions are illustrated below. Start-Up A few words on the formatting on the following instructions: 1) Notes that require you to perform an action are colored in blue 2) General information is colored in black, but does not require any action 3) Words that are bolded are labels for items found in ANSYS AIM 4) Most important notes are colored in red Now that we have the pre-calculations, we are ready begin simulating in ANSYS AIM. Open ANSYS AIM by going to Start > All Apps > ANSYS 18.1 > ANSYS AIM Once you are at the starting page of AIM select the Fluid Flow template as shown below.

4 You will be prompted by the Fluid Flow template to either Define new geometry, Import geometry file, or Connect to active CAD session. Select Define new geometry and press Next. Do not select any Additional flow physics; instead, continue to the model editor by selecting Finish.

5 Geometry Draw Geometry In order to use the units given to us in the problem, press the Project button in the top left corner and select Units > SI. Click on the Z-axis on the compass in the bottom left corner of the screen to look at only the XY-plane. Right click in the empty white space and choose Select New Sketch Plane, then click on the grid that appears, so that the plane we are sketching on will be on the XY-plane. Next, select the Circle tool and make a circle around the origin with a radius of 1m. Use the Pull feature in the Edit section of the toolbar to extrude the cylinder 2m. The value we choose to pull the cylinder out to is arbitrary; therefore, there is no point in making it too large.

6 Enclose In order to create an area around the cylinder where air will move, an enclosure must be made around it to ensure that there is a volume which can be later meshed. The E nclosure tool can be found in the Analysis section of the toolbar under the Prepare tab. Select the cylinder body and a box will appear around the cylinder. Change the Default cushion to 500%. Uncheck the Symmetrical dimensions box. This will allow the box to be altered in order to show us the effects of the fluid after it goes around the cylinder. Select the dimension for the X axis after the cylinder and change it to 20m, then select the dimensions in the Z directions and

7 change them to zero. Use the picture below for guidance. Press the green check mark to create the enclosure. Suppress Now that the geometry of the flow volume has been created, we can suppress the cylinder from the physics calculation. Right click the S olid in the geometry tree and select Suppress for Physics.

8 Mesh Once you have exited the modeling window, initiate the meshing process by clicking on Mesh in the workflow. Set Mesh Size and Boundary Layer Use a medium-high setting on the Mesh resolution slider. This will automatically adjust the mesh settings for our needs. Change the view to Translucent display using the view dropdown selection in the upper region of the window. AIM will prompt you to fix the boundary layer before generating the mesh. Click on Boundary Layer under Mesh Controls. The boundary layer will be applied to the face of the cylinder inside of the flow volume.

9 Generate Mesh Return to the Mesh panel, then click Generate Mesh under Output or at the top of the screen by the status window for Mesh. AIM should detect that you are ready to generate the mesh and highlight the buttons in blue.

10

11 Physics Set-Up Create New Material In the problem specification, a density and viscosity are defined for the fluid flow that do not match those of air or water. A new material must be defined with the properties that we wish to have. Select Material Assignments and in the Material drop down menu choose Create New. The problem specification did not define whether the fluid was a liquid or gas, but since the density and viscosity were defined, it does not matter. Press Add next to either Liquid or Gas Properties. In the drop down menu, choose Density and input 1 [kg m^-3]. Do the same to define the Viscosity as 0.05 [kg m^-1 s^-1], or 0.05 [Pa s]

12 Boundary Conditions / Forces First, the inlet must be defined using the Fluid Flow Conditions. In the Add drop down menu by Fluid Flow Conditions, select Inlet. Then, using the Face selection tool, define an inlet at the end closest to the cylinder. Make sure to input the Velocity magnitude as 1 m/s.

13 Once the inlet is defined, the outlet is next. In the same menu, use the Outlet condition to define an outlet at the end of the enclosure farthest from the cylinder. Assign a Gauge static pressure of 0 psi.

14 Add a Symmetry condition from the Add drop down menu to the side faces of the flow volume.

15 A free slip wall condition must be created in order to channel the air inside of the enclosure, much like one would find in a wind tunnel. Select the Wall condition from the Add drop down menu and apply it to the top and bottom of the enclosure, then change the Option under Flow Specification to Free slip.

16 Next, a Wall condition must be added to all surfaces that are not already defined. Most of the time, AIM will automatically create the walls once the option is selected; AIM selects every face that doesn't already have a constraint on it.

17

18 Solution/Results Press the Results button in the Workflow to extract information from the simulation. In order to find information that can be readily used, first press Evaluate Results. Once the evaluation is complete, AIM will automatically output a vector in the Results section under Objects. This vector will be a velocity vector, but the arrows that represent velocity are either too big or in the way. A good solution is to create a plane that bisects the cylinder. This is done by selecting the Add plane button in the upper right corner and positioning it directly in the middle of the flow volume. Select the Velocity vector to edit the settings with which the vectors are defined. Update the Location to be the newly created plane, and input for Approximate number of points. Change the Symbol sizing in the Appearance section to 0.2. Press the Play button in the model window to see how these velocity vectors develop over time.

19 To plot the pressure change, a contour on the plane within the flow volume will most accurately represent a 2D pressure contour of the flow. In the Results panel, select Contour in the Add drop down menu, change the location to the plane to map the contour onto, and assign the Variable to be Pressure.

20 To find the total pressure on the walls of the flow volume, add another Contour, select the face of the flow volume in contact with the cylinder, and change the Variable to Total Pressure.

21

22 Verification This tutorial will be compared to results found in the Fluent - SimCafe tutorial based on the same problem. Below is the pressure contour from the SimCafe tutorial. This can be compared to the pressure contour calculated in the simulation. Select the pressure contour created in the results section, then change the Coloring to Banded to match the display style in the image above.

23 The AIM solution not only has similar maximum and minimum values for pressure, but the shapes of the pressure contours are virtually identical. Reference Singleton, John Matthew, Jr., and Sebastien Lachance-Barrett. "FLUENT - Steady Flow Past a Cylinder." Dashboard. Cornell University, 8 Feb Web. 19 July 2017.

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