Volume of Pyramids and Cones
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1 Volume of Pyramids and Cones Say Thanks to the Authors Click (No sign in required)
2 To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, webbased collaborative model termed the FlexBook textbook, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform. Copyright 2015 CK-12 Foundation, The names CK-12 and CK12 and associated logos and the terms FlexBook and FlexBook Platform (collectively CK-12 Marks ) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the CC License ), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at terms-of-use. Printed: March 19, 2015
3 Chapter 1. Volume of Pyramids and Cones CHAPTER 1 Volume of Pyramids and Cones Learning Objectives Find the volume of a pyramid. Find the volume of a cone. Review Queue 1. Find the volume of a square prism with 8 inch base edges and a 12 inch height. 2. Find the volume of a cylinder with a diameter of 8 inches and a height of 12 inches. 3. In your answers from #1 and #2, which volume is bigger? Why do you think that is? 4. Find the surface area of a square pyramid with 10 inch base edges and a height of 12 inches. Know What? The Khafre Pyramid is the second largest pyramid of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids in Giza. It is a square pyramid with a base edge of 706 feet and an original height of feet. What was the original volume of the Khafre Pyramid? Volume of a Pyramid Recall that the volume of a prism is Bh, where B is the area of the base. The volume of a pyramid is closely related to the volume of a prism with the same sized base. Investigation 11-1: Finding the Volume of a Pyramid Tools needed: pencil, paper, scissors, tape, ruler, dry rice or sand. 1. Make an open net (omit one base) of a cube, with 2 inch sides. 1
4 2. Cut out the net and tape up the sides to form an open cube. 3. Make an open net (no base) of a square pyramid, with lateral edges of 2.45 inches and base edges of 2 inches. This will make the overall height 2 inches. 4. Cut out the net and tape up the sides to form an open pyramid. 5. Fill the pyramid with dry rice. Then, dump the rice into the open cube. How many times do you have to repeat this to fill the cube? Volume of a Pyramid: If B is the area of the base and h is the height, then the volume of a pyramid is V = 1 3 Bh. The investigation showed us that you would need to repeat this process three times to fill the cube. This means that the pyramid is one-third the volume of a prism with the same base. Example 1: Find the volume of the pyramid. 2
5 Chapter 1. Volume of Pyramids and Cones Solution: V = 1 3 (122 )12 = 576 units 3 Example 2: Find the volume of the pyramid. Solution: In this example, we are given the slant height. For volume, we need the height, so we need to use the Pythagorean Theorem to find it h 2 = 25 2 h 2 = 576 h = 24 Using the height, the volume is 1 3 (142 )(24) = 1568 units 3. Example 3: Find the volume of the pyramid. Solution: The base of this pyramid is a right triangle. So, the area of the base is 1 2 (14)(8) = 56 units2. V = 1 (56)(17) units3 3 Example 4: A rectangular pyramid has a base area of 56 cm 2 and a volume of 224 cm 3. What is the height of the pyramid? Solution: The formula for the volume of a pyramid works for any pyramid, as long as you can find the area of the base. 224 = 56h 4 = h 3
6 Volume of a Cone The volume of cone has the same relationship with a cylinder as pyramid does with a prism. If the bases of a cone and a cylinder are the same, then the volume of a cone will be one-third the volume of the cylinder. Volume of a Cone: If r is the radius of a cone and h is the height, then the volume is V = 1 3 πr2 h. Example 5: Find the volume of the cone. Solution: To find the volume, we need the height, so we have to use the Pythagorean Theorem h 2 = 15 2 h 2 = 200 h = 10 2 Now, we can find the volume. V = 1 ( 3 (52 ) 10 ) 2 π Example 6: Find the volume of the cone. Solution: Even though this doesn t look like the cone in Example 5, we can still find the volume in the same way. Use the radius in the formula. V = 1 3 π(32 )(6) = 18π
7 Chapter 1. Volume of Pyramids and Cones Example 7: The volume of a cone is 484π cm 3 and the height is 12 cm. What is the radius? Solution: Plug in what you know to the volume formula. 484π = 1 3 πr2 (12) 121 = r 2 11 = r Example 8: Find the volume of the composite solid. All bases are squares. Solution: This is a square prism with a square pyramid on top. Find the volume of each separately and then add them together to find the total volume. First, we need to find the height of the pyramid portion. The slant height is 25 and the edge is 48. Using have of the edge, we have a right triangle and we can use the Pythagorean Theorem. h = = 7 V prism = (48)(48)(18) = cm 3 V pyramid = 1 3 (482 )(7) = 5376 cm 3 The total volume is = 46,848 cm 3. Know What? Revisited The original volume of the pyramid is 1 3 (7062 )(407.5) 67,704, ft 3. Review Questions Find the volume of each regular pyramid and right cone. Round any decimal answers to the nearest hundredth. The bases of these pyramids are either squares or equilateral triangles. 1. 5
8
9 Chapter 1. Volume of Pyramids and Cones Find the volume of the following non-regular pyramids and cones. Round any decimal answers to the nearest hundredth base is a rectangle 12. 7
10 A regular tetrahedron has four equilateral triangles as its faces. Use the diagram to answer questions What is the area of the base of this regular tetrahedron? 17. What is the height of this figure? Be careful! 18. Find the volume. Leave your answer in simplest radical form. 19. Challenge If the sides are length s, what is the volume? A regular octahedron has eight equilateral triangles as its faces. Use the diagram to answer questions
11 Chapter 1. Volume of Pyramids and Cones 20. Describe how you would find the volume of this figure. 21. Find the volume. Leave your answer in simplest radical form. 22. Challenge If the sides are length s, what is the volume? 23. The volume of a square pyramid is 72 square inches and the base edge is 4 inches. What is the height? 24. If the volume of a cone is 30π cm 2 and the radius is 5 cm, what is the height? 25. If the volume of a cone is 105π cm 2 and the height is 35 cm, what is the radius? Find the volume of the composite solids. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth The ratio of the height to radius in a cone is 3:2. If the volume is 108π m 3, find the height and radius of the cone. 30. A teepee is to be built such that there is a minimal cylindrical shaped central living space contained within the cone shape of diameter 6 ft and height 6 ft. If the radius of the entire teepee is 5 ft, find the total height of the teepee. 9
12 Review Queue Answers 1. (8 2 )(12) = 768 in 3 2. (4 2 )(12)π = 192π The volume of the square prism is greater because the square base is larger than a circle with the same diameter as the square s edge. 4. Find slant height, l = 13. SA = (40)(13) = 360 in2 10
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Name Class Date 19. Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders Essential Question: How can you find the surface area of a prism or cylinder? Resource Locker Explore Developing a Surface Area Formula Surface
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CHAPTER SUMMARY Big Idea 1 BIG IDEAS Exploring Solids and Their Properties For Your Notebook Euler s Theorem is useful when finding the number of faces, edges, or vertices on a polyhedron, especially when
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: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Learning Targets I can calculate the volumes of pyramids. I can apply the properties of right triangles and trigonometry to find the volume of pyramids Volumes of pyramids
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Perimeter, Area, Surface Area, & Volume
Additional Options: Hide Multiple Choice Answers (Written Response) Open in Microsoft Word (add page breaks and/or edit questions) Generation Date: 11/25/2009 Generated By: Margaret Buell Copyright 2009
Explore Solids
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Volume. 4. A box in the shape of a cube has a volume of 64 cubic inches. What is the length of a side of the box? A in B. 16 in. C. 8 in D.
Name: ate: 1. In the accompanying diagram, a rectangular container with the dimensions 10 inches by 15 inches by 20 inches is to be filled with water, using a cylindrical cup whose radius is 2 inches and