Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
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1 Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases BTW 2017 Andreas Bader, Oliver Kopp, Michael Falkenthal
2 What is a time series data? A row of data that consists of a timestamp, a value, optional tags University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
3 What is a time series data? A row of data that consists of a timestamp, a value, optional tags timestamp University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
4 What is a time series data? A row of data that consists of a timestamp, a value, optional tags timestamp value University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
5 What is a time series data? A row of data that consists of a timestamp, a value, optional tags timestamp tags value University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
6 What is a Time Series Database (TSDB)? A DBMS is called TSDB if it can store a row of data that consists of timestamp, value, and optional tags store multiple rows of time series data grouped together (e. g., in a time series) can query for rows of data can contain a timestamp or a time range in a query University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
7 What is a Time Series Database (TSDB)? A DBMS is called TSDB if it can store a row of data that consists of timestamp, value, and optional tags store multiple rows of time series data grouped together (e. g., in a time series) can query for rows of data can contain a timestamp or a time range in a query University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
8 What is a Time Series Database (TSDB)? A DBMS is called TSDB if it can store a row of data that consists of timestamp, value, and optional tags store multiple rows of time series data grouped together (e. g., in a time series) can query for rows of data can contain a timestamp or a time range in a query University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
9 What is a Time Series Database (TSDB)? A DBMS is called TSDB if it can store a row of data that consists of timestamp, value, and optional tags store multiple rows of time series data grouped together (e. g., in a time series) can query for rows of data SELECT * FROM ul1 can contain a timestamp or a time range in a query University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
10 What is a Time Series Database (TSDB)? A DBMS is called TSDB if it can store a row of data that consists of timestamp, value, and optional tags store multiple rows of time series data grouped together (e. g., in a time series) can query for rows of data SELECT * FROM ul1 can contain a timestamp or a time range in a query SELECT * FROM ul1 WHERE time >= ' T12:10:00Z University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
11 Outline Motivation Comparison of open source TSDBs Live Demo Conclusion and Outlook University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
12 Motivation Why comparing Open Source TSDBs?
13 Motivation NEMAR Project New market role Sensor data from smart grids Smartly acting on energy markets Smart help for operational management & decision support University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
14 Motivation NEMAR Project New market role Sensor data from smart grids Smartly acting on energy markets Smart help for operational management & decision support University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
15 Motivation NEMAR Project New market role Sensor data from smart grids Smartly acting on energy markets Smart help for operational management & decision support grid provider energy provider University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
16 Motivation PaNeRo Platform for NEMAR PaNeRo OpenWeatherMap TSDB From: Oliver Kopp, Michael Falkenthal, Niklas Hartmann, Frank Leymann, Holger Schwarz, Jessica Thomsen: Towards a Cloud-based Platform Architecture for a Decentralized Market Agent. In: INFORMATIK 2015, Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn 2015 University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
17 Motivation PaNeRo Platform for NEMAR PaNeRo OpenWeatherMap How to choose a fitting TSDB? By existing knowledge By feature comparison By architectural decisions TSDB From: Oliver Kopp, Michael Falkenthal, Niklas Hartmann, Frank Leymann, Holger Schwarz, Jessica Thomsen: Towards a Cloud-based Platform Architecture for a Decentralized Market Agent. In: INFORMATIK 2015, Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn 2015 By performance comparison University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
18 Motivation PaNeRo Platform for NEMAR PaNeRo OpenWeatherMap How to choose a fitting TSDB? By existing knowledge By feature comparison By architectural decisions TSDB From: Oliver Kopp, Michael Falkenthal, Niklas Hartmann, Frank Leymann, Holger Schwarz, Jessica Thomsen: Towards a Cloud-based Platform Architecture for a Decentralized Market Agent. In: INFORMATIK 2015, Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn 2015 By performance comparison University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
19 How to compare Open Source TSDBs?
20 Categories TSDBs that require other DBMS for data storage E.g., OpenTSDB Based on other DBMS Standalone TSDBs that require no other DBMS for data storage E.g., InfluxDB TSDBs Other TSDBs Other Traditional RDBMS that can be used to store time series data E.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL Relational Proprietary TSDBs that aren t open source E.g., SAP HANA Search for terms like TSDB, Time series, on Google, ACM, IEEE Ø83 found TSDBs, 50 of them open source University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
21 How to store time series data in RDBMS? First approach: Timestamp as primary key One value per timestamp per table Timestamp Value Host example.org Second approach: Tags and date as combined primary key Tags are optional same issue as above Timestamp Value Host example.org Third approach: Use an auto-incrementing primary key ID Timestamp Value Host example.org University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
22 Real-world example: VividCortex (I) SaaS platform MySQL Community Server + InnoDB (storage subsystem) Ingesting 332,000 values/s 3 AWS EC2 Servers (8 vcpus, 26 GB Ram ~ t2.2xlarge) Basic queries like Insert or SUM Trade-Offs: Batch-wise ingestion into Vectors Vectors consist of delta values Ad-hoc queries are not possible using a service instead Grouping/Sharding must be manually decided when cluster is built From: VividCortex: Building a Time-Series Database in MySQL, 2014, url: de.slideshare.net/vividcortex/vi vidcortex-building-atimeseriesdatabasein-mysql University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
23 Real-world example: VividCortex (II) MySQL ID Sec1 Sec2 Sec3 Sec4 Sec5 Sec6 Sec7 Sec InnoDB Host Time series Timestamp ID db.example.org CPU Temperature T00:00:00Z 1 db2.example2.org RAM Utilization T00:00:01Z 2 From: VividCortex: Building a Time-Series Database in MySQL, 2014, url: de.slideshare.net/vividcortex/vi vidcortex-building-atimeseriesdatabasein-mysql University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
24 Real-world example: VividCortex (II) MySQL ID Sec1 Sec2 Sec3 Sec4 Sec5 Sec6 Sec7 Sec InnoDB Host Time series Timestamp ID db.example.org CPU Temperature T00:00:00Z 1 db2.example2.org RAM Utilization T00:00:01Z 2 From: VividCortex: Building a Time-Series Database in MySQL, 2014, url: de.slideshare.net/vividcortex/vi vidcortex-building-atimeseriesdatabasein-mysql University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
25 Real-world example: VividCortex (II) MySQL ID Sec1 Sec2 Sec3 Sec4 Sec5 Sec6 Sec7 Sec InnoDB Host Time series Timestamp ID db.example.org CPU Temperature T00:00:00Z 1 db2.example2.org RAM Utilization T00:00:01Z 2 From: VividCortex: Building a Time-Series Database in MySQL, 2014, url: de.slideshare.net/vividcortex/vi vidcortex-building-atimeseriesdatabasein-mysql University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
26 Real-world example: VividCortex (II) MySQL ID Sec1 Sec2 Sec3 Sec4 Sec5 Sec6 Sec7 Sec InnoDB Host Time series Timestamp ID db.example.org CPU Temperature T00:00:00Z 1 db2.example2.org RAM Utilization T00:00:01Z 2 From: VividCortex: Building a Time-Series Database in MySQL, 2014, url: de.slideshare.net/vividcortex/vi vidcortex-building-atimeseriesdatabasein-mysql University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
27 How to rank by popularity? By amount of citations/papers Many open source TSDBs do not have any papers or are not mentioned DB-Engines 17 of 85 TSDBs only Google ranking by amount of search hits Fitting search terms required Partially represents amount of discussion University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
28 Group 1: Based on other DBMS Based on other DBMS Relational Standalone Proprietary TSDB Search Hits OpenTSDB Rhombus Newts 6610 KairosDB 3130 BlueFlood 2010 Gorilla 1520 Heroic 1490 Arctic 1330 Hawkular 1220 Apache Chukwa 858 BtrDB 637 tsdb: A Compressed Database for Time Series 634 Energy Databus 605 Tgres 445 SiteWhere 436 Kairos 380 Cube 266 TSDB Search Hits SkyDB 190 Chronix Server 148 MetricTank <100 Compared TSDBs are written in bold. University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
29 Group 2: Standalone Based on other DBMS Relational Standalone Proprietary TSDB Search Hits Elasticsearch MonetDB Prometheus Druid InfluxDB RRDtool Atlas 7960 Gnocchi 5320 Whisper 5210 SciDB 4140 BlinkDB 2250 TSDB 1640 Seriesly 1330 TsTables 1100 Warp Akumuli 741 DalmatinerDB 527 TSDB Search Hits University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases TimeStore 443 BEMOSS 391 YAWNDB 385 Vaultaire 339 Bolt 176 GridMW <100 Node-tsdb <100 NilmDB <100 Compared TSDBs are bold.
30 Group 3: Relational Based on other DBMS Relational Standalone Proprietary TSDB Search Hits MySQL Community Edition PostgreSQL MySQL Cluster TimeTravel 743 PostgreSQL TS <100 Compared TSDBs are written in bold. University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
31 Group 4: Proprietary Based on other DBMS Relational Standalone Proprietary TSDB Search Hits Microsoft SQL Server Oracle Database Splunk SAP HANA Treasure Data DataStax Enterprise FoundationDB Riak TS 9720 TempoIQ 8810 kdb IBM Informix 7580 Cityzen Data 6400 Sqrrl 5460 Databus 5100 Kerf 3850 Aerospike 3740 OSIsoft PI 3200 TSDB Search Hits University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases Geras 3030 Axibase Time Series Database 2420 extremedb Financial Edition 1660 Prognoz Platform 1440 Acunu 1360 SkySpark 1240 ParStream 1140 Mesap 741 ONETick Time-Series Tick Database 503 TimeSeries.Guru 464 New Relic Insights 233 Squwk 191 Polyhedra IMDB 149 TimeScape EDM+ <100 PulsarTSDB <100 Uniformance Process History Database (PHD) <100
32 Criteria Group 1: Distribution & Clusterability Distribution & Clusterability??? University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
33 Criteria Group 2: Distribution & Clusterability AVG? SUM? COUNT? University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
34 Criteria Group 3: Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Examplestreet 1, Room 2, Temperature Sensor? Advanced University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
35 Comparison of Open Source TSDBs Criteria Group 4: Granularity Distribution & Clusterability? Advanced University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases? Granularity
36 Criteria Group 5: Interfaces & Extensibility Distribution & Clusterability Java? Python? Advanced Granularity Interfaces & Extensibility University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
37 Criteria Group 1: Support & License Distribution & Clusterability? Advanced Granularity Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
38 Six Criteria Groups Distribution & Clusterability Advanced Granularity Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
39 Criteria Group 1: Distribution & Clusterability TSDB High Availability Scalability Load Balancing Group 1: Based on other DBMS Blueflood ( ) ( ) KairosDB ( ) ( ) ( ) NewTS ( ) ( ) ( ) OpenTSDB ( ) ( ) ( ) Rhombus ( ) ( ) ( ) Group 2: Standalone Druid Elasticsearch InfluxDB MonetDB ( ) ( ) Prometheus ( ) ( ) Group 3: Relational MySQL PostgreSQL Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
40 Criteria Group 2: (Basic) TSDB INS READ SCAN UPD DEL Group 1: Based on other DBMS Blueflood KairosDB NewTS OpenTSDB Rhombus Group 2: Standalone Druid Elasticsearch InfluxDB MonetDB Prometheus Group 3: Relational MySQL PostgreSQL Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
41 Criteria Group 2: (Aggregating) TSDB AVG SUM CNT MAX MIN Group 1: Based on other DBMS Blueflood KairosDB NewTS OpenTSDB Rhombus Group 2: Standalone Druid Elasticsearch InfluxDB MonetDB Prometheus Group 3: Relational MySQL PostgreSQL Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
42 Criteria group 3: Advanced TSDB Continuous Calculation Tags Group 1: Based on other DBMS Long-Term Storage Matrix Time Series Blueflood KairosDB NewTS ( ) OpenTSDB Rhombus ( ) Group 2: Standalone Druid Elasticsearch InfluxDB MonetDB Prometheus Group 3: Relational MySQL PostgreSQL University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled
43 Criteria Group 4: Granularity TSDB Downsampling Smallest Sample Interval Group 1: Based on other DBMS Smallest Granularity for Storage Smallest Guaranteed Granularity for Storage Blueflood 1 ms 1 ms KairosDB 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms NewTS 2 ms 1 ms 1 ms OpenTSDB 1 ms 1 ms > 1 ms Rhombus 1 ms 1 ms Group 2: Standalone Druid 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms Elasticsearch 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms InfluxDB 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms MonetDB 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms Prometheus 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms Group 3: Relational MySQL 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms PostgreSQL 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled
44 Criteria Group 5: Interfaces and Extensibility (I) Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Granularity TSDB APIs & Interfaces Client Libraries Plugins Blueflood KairosDB Group 1: Based on other DBMS CLI, Graphite, HTTP (JSON), Kafka, statsd, UDP CLI, Graphite, HTTP (REST+JSON, GUI), telnet NewTS HTTP (REST+JSON, GUI) Java OpenTSDB Azure, CLI, HTTP (REST+JSON, GUI), Kafka, RabbitMQ, S3, Spritzer Rhombus Java Druid Group 2: Standalone CLI, HTTP (REST+JSON, GUI), Samza, Spark, Storm Java Java, Python, R Elasticsearch HTTP (REST+JSON) Groovy, Java,.NET, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby InfluxDB Collect, CLI, Graphite, HTTP (InfluxQL, GUI), OpenTSDB, UDP Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
45 Criteria Group 5: Interfaces and Extensibility (II) Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Distribution & Clusterability Granularity Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License TSDB APIs & Interfaces Client Libraries Plugins Group 2: Standalone MonetDB CLI Java (JDBC), Mapi (C Binding), Node.js, ODBC, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby Prometheus CLI, HTTP (JSON, GUI) Go, Java, Python, Ruby Group 3: Relational MySQL CLI J, Java (JDBC), ODBC, Python, PostgreSQL CLI C, C++, Java (JDBC), ODBC, Python, Tcl, fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
46 Criteria Group 6: Support and License TSDB LTS & Stable Version Commercial Support License Group 1: Based on other DBMS Blueflood Apache 2.0 KairosDB Apache 2.0 NewTS Apache 2.0 OpenTSDB LGPLv2.1+, GPLv3+ Rhombus MIT Group 2: Standalone Druid Apache 2.0 Elasticsearch ( ) Apache 2.0 InfluxDB MIT MonetDB MonetDB Public License Prometheus Apache 2.0 Group 3: Relational MySQL GPLv2 PostgreSQL The PostgreSQL License Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Support & License Granularity fullfilled ( ) partially fullfilled not fullfilled University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
47 Which TSDB would you choose? If stable version, matrix time series, and commercial support do not matter: Druid Five different service types Different ingestion methods Support for Real-time Analysis If commercial support matters: InfluxDB SQL-like language InfluxQL Some cluster features only available in paid version Only load-balancing is still possible Grafana integration (for visualization) Otherwise: ElasticSearch, MySQL, or PostgreSQL University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
48 Live Demo
49 Interactive Version: Ultimate Comparison of Open Source TSDBs University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
50 Conclusion and Outlook
51 Conclusion and Outlook Advanced Distribution & Clusterability Interfaces & Extensibility Based on other DBMS Standalone Relational Support & License Granularity Systematic Search 83 TSDBs 50 of them open source 12 of them compared Grouped in four groups Ranked by popularity Compared with 26 criterias No compared TSDB supports all features Most supported: load balancing, high availability, and scalability Most lacking: stable versions, commercial support, support for all query types Choice highly depends on the use case Next step: Performance Comparison ( University of Stuttgart - Andreas Bader - Survey and Comparison of Open Source Time Series Databases
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