RED HAT ENTERISE LINUX 5, 6, AND 7 Common administrative commands

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1 RED HAT ENTERISE LINUX,, AND Common administrative commands SYSTEM BASICS View subscription information /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity subscription-manager identity rhn_register subscription-manager 1 1 Be aware of potential iues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat Enterprise Linux : htt://acce.redhat.com/ solutions/ Subscription-manager is used for Satellite, Satellite. with SAM and newer, and Red Hat s CDN. 3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. rhn_register should be used for Satellite server. and newer only. For details, see: Satellite. unable to register client system due to rhn-setup package not included in Minimal installation (htt://acce.redhat.com/ solutions/333) subscription rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager subscription-manager 2 rhn_register 3 sosreport dmidecode hwbrowser View system profile sosreport dmidecode lso lscpu View version information /etc/redhat-release BASIC CONFIGURATION system-config-* Graphical configuration tools gnome-control-center system-config-network network nmcli RESOURCE MANAGEMENT View system usage mtat mtat tuna system language time and date system-config-language localectl system-config-date date timedatectl date mtat tuna ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf Synchronize time and date timedatectl /etc/chrony.conf ntpdate keyboard system-config-keyboard localectl Text-based configuration tools system-config-*-tui printer system-config-printer SSH /etc/h/h_config /etc/h/hd_config ~/.h/config h-keygen View disk usage df df Trace system calls strace Trace library calls ltrace Change proce priority Change proce run location Kill a proce nice renice taskset kill pkill killall

2 SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT NETWORKING Install software yum install yum groupinstall yum install yum group install firewall iptables and iptables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables iptables and iptables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall View software info yum info yum groupinfo yum info yum group info Update software yum update Upgrade software software repository Find file in package View software version View installed software yum upgrade subscription-manager repos /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo rpm -qf filename yum provides filename-glob rpm -q packagename rpm -qa yum list installed USER MANAGEMENT Graphical user management Create user account Delete user account View/change user account details system-config-users useradd userdel usermod /etc/pawd vipw id Create user group groupadd name resolution hostname View network interface info network interface View ports/ sockets routes firewall-cmd firewall-config /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli con mod /etc/sysconfig/network hostnamectl /etc/hostname ip addr ifconfig brctl ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* nmcli con [add mod edit] lsof lsof ip route add system-config-network /etc/sysconfig/route-iface ip route add nmcli /etc/sysconfig/route-iface View routes ip route Delete user group groupdel Change group details groupmod /etc/group SECURITY AND IDENTITY Change user paword Change user permiions Change group permiions Change paword policy View user seions pawd usermod visudo groupmod visudo chage w system security Report on system security LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos /etc/selinux/config chcon restorecon semanage setsebool system-config-selinux sealert authconfig authconfig-tui authconfig-gtk Network users getent

3 JOBS AND SERVICES logging /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal systemd-journald.service chkconfig --list ls /etc/init.d/ List all services systemctl -at service ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service List running services service --status-all systemctl -t service --state=active Start/s service service name start service name s systemctl start name.service systemctl s name.service Enable/disable service chkconfig name on chkconfig name off systemctl enable name.service systemctl disable name.service View service status Check if service is enabled service name status systemctl status name.service chkconfig name --list systemctl is-enabled name Create new service file or modify configuration chkconfig --add systemctl daemon-reload /etc/systemd/system/*.service View run level/target runlevel who -r systemctl get-default who -r Change run level/target /etc/inittab init run_level systemctl isolate name.target systemctl set-default View logs /var/log /var/log journalctl system audit add audit=1 to kernel cmdline auditctl /etc/audit/auditd.conf /etc/audit/audit.rules authconfig /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_tty_audit kernel module View audit output aureport /var/log/faillog Schedule/batch tasks cron at batch Find file by name locate Find file by characteristic find Create archive tar cpio zip

4 FILE SYSTEMS, VOLUMES, AND DISKS ext3 Default file system ext4 xfs copy data to new file system fsck (look for non-contiguous inodes ) Defragment disk space copy data to new file system fsck (look for non-contiguous inodes ) xfs_fsr fdisk parted Create/modify disk partitions fdisk gdisk parted m create mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap Format disk partition mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap m create Mount storage m Create physical volume Create volume group Create logical volume pvcreate pvcreate m create (if backend is lvm) vgcreate vgcreate m create (if backend is lvm) lvcreate lvcreate m create (if backend is lvm) Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system vgextend lvextend resize2fs vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs m resize Shrink volumes formatted with default file system resize2fs lvreduce vgreduce XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system. Check/repair file system fsck fsck m check NFS share /etc/exports service nfs reload /etc/exports systemctl reload nfs.service Mount and activate swap swapon -a static s View free disk space df

5 FILE SYSTEMS, VOLUMES, AND DISKS (CONT.) View logical volume info View NFS share on-demand auto-s Change file permiions lvdisplay lvs vgdisplay vgs pvdisplay pvs show -e /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs /etc/auto.* chmod chown chgrp umask (future file creation) Change file attributes chattr Change acce control list setfacl KERNEL, BOOT, AND HARDWARE Single user/rescue mode append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline Shut down system shutdown Power off system Halt system Reboot system poweroff poweroff systemctl poweroff halt halt systemctl halt reboot reboot systemctl reboot default run level/target /etc/inittab systemctl set-default GRUB bootloader /boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default View hardware configured hwbrowser lshw (in EPEL) kernel module modprobe hardware device udev View kernel parameters sysctl -a cat /proc/cmdline Load kernel module modprobe Remove kernel module modprobe -r View kernel version rpm -q kernel uname -r 04/1 Copyright 201 Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, and JBo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.