Memory Management in Tizen. SW Platform Team, SW R&D Center
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- Homer Sanders
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1 Memory Management in Tizen SW Platform Team, SW R&D Center
2 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel Memory Size Optimization 2
3 Tizen Kernel Overview 3
4 Tizen Kernel Overview Core Multimedia FW Sensor FW Telephony FW System FW... X11 OpenGL ES EFL GStreamer /2.0 OAL (OEM Adaptation Layer) Kernel Telephony Plug-ins GStreamer Plug-ins Sensor Plug-ins System Plug-ins OpenGL ES/EGL Graphics Driver... Kernel Memory Management Graphics Multimedia Power Management Storage Peripheral CMA IOMMU DMA BUF DRM Link1 Link2 V4L2 CPUfre q Devf req Ther mal Block Layer MMC/Flash Input, Sensor, 4 More at DRM Link1: elinux.org/images/7/71/elce11_dae.pdf DRM Link2: the_drm_(direct_rendering_manager)_of_tizen_kernel.pdf
5 Tizen Kernel Overview Core Service Layer Memory Management in Tizen Multimedia FW Sensor FW Telephony FW X11 System FW Coupled with Graphics & Multimedia devices. OpenGL ES EFL GStreamer /2.0 Graphics & Multimedia devices = DMA devices with HUGE buffers... OAL (OEM Adaptation Layer) Kernel Telephony Plug-ins GStreamer Plug-ins Sensor Plug-ins System Plug-ins OpenGL ES/EGL Graphics Driver... Kernel Memory Management Graphics Multimedia Power Management Storage Peripheral CM A IOMM U DMA BUF DRM Link1 Link2 V4L2 CPUfre q Devf req Ther mal Block Layer MMC/Flash Input, Sensor, 5 More at DRM Link1: elinux.org/images/7/71/elce11_dae.pdf DRM Link2: the_drm_(direct_rendering_manager)_of_tizen_kernel.pdf
6 Tizen Kernel Overview Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 6 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
7 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel To Run Tizen OS. Basic Memory Management Components Buffer Sharing (UMM/DMABUF) Buffer Allocation (UMM/DMAAPI) Buffer Synchronization Memory Size Optimization 7
8 Tizen Kernel MM, Graphics (DRM) Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 8 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
9 Graphics: DRM/GEM (Graphics Execution Manager) Linux DRM Common Framework drm_mode_config drm_fb_helper GEM Crtc Plane Connector Encoder drm_framebuffer Crtc Plane Connector Encoder drm_framebuffer fb_info GEM Allocator Common Specific 9
10 Graphics: DRM/GEM (Graphics Execution Manager) Linux Graphics Execution Manager DRM Common Framework drm_mode_config drm_fb_helper Framework Connector developed by Intel Crtc Plane To manage Encoder graphics memory drm_framebuffer GEM Framework Connector for buffer management. Crtc Plane drm_framebuffer Allocation Encoder and sharing. fb_info GEM Allocator Common Specific 10
11 Graphics: DRM/GEM Allocation GEM Allocation Tizen (Generic) 1. DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB Create GEM object(global) & user GEM handle(per process) dumb_create() of struct drm_driver No physical memory allocated. 2. DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB 3. MMAP Create fake mmap offset of a gem object and relay the object to user A hash key of the gem object. dumb_map_offset() of struct drm_driver Request mmap based on the hash key as the offset Create user address space Setup cache attribute. Not mapped to physical memory, yet 11
12 Graphics: DRM/GEM Allocation GEM Allocation Tizen (Generic) 4. On-demand Paging Implement & Register a fault handler that With a page fault, allocate a page and map the page. vma->vm_ops->fault = xxx_drm_gem_fault 5. Use! 6. DRM_IOCTL_MODE_DESTROY_DUMB Remove GEM handle & object Free memory Implement dumb_destroy() of struct drm_driver 12
13 Graphics: DRM/GEM Allocation GEM Allocation Tizen (Exynos Only) 1. DRM_IOCTL_EXYNOS_GEM_CREATE Only use user-desired size and buffer types. Create gem object(global) & user gem handle(per process) physical memory allocated. 2. DRM_IOCTL_EXYNOS_GEM_MMAP Create user address space Map the user address space to physical memory LIBDRM of Exynos uses these APIs, not the generic. 13
14 Graphics: DRM/GEM Sharing GEM Tizen DRM_IOCTL_GEM_FLINK I will share this GEM to others. Create GEM object name for the given GEM handle Global key vaue for sharing DRM_IOCTL_GEM_OPEN I want to use the shared GEM. Create GEM handle based on the given GEM object name DRM_IOCTL_GEM_CLOSE You don t need to implement. It s already there with DRM. Process 1 Process 2 GEM Create GEM FLINK GEM OPEN gem handle gem object name gem handle 14
15 Tizen Kernel MM, Multimedia (V4L2/VB2) Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 15 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
16 Multimedia: V4L2/VB2 Tizen recommends to use V4L2 at Tizen kernel for Multimedia devices Video input (codec & camera) & Radio However, as long as the kernel has: Gstreamer/OpenMAX plugins A method to share with other F/W via DMABUF of UMM, Tizen multimedia works. If V4L2/VB2 is used, things get easier. 16
17 Tizen Kernel MM, OpenGL/G3D-GPU Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 17 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
18 OpenGL / G3D-GPU Most ARM SoC GPUs (MALI, SGX, ) use their own memory manager E.g., Exynos4412/4210 Tizen Reference Kernel has Mali w/ UMP. Mali DDK modified to be compatible with UMM-DMABUF. If GPU drivers use DRM, it would be great. (and make them GPL) 18
19 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel To Run Tizen OS. Basic Memory Management Components Buffer Sharing (UMM/DMABUF) Buffer Allocation (UMM/DMAAPI) Buffer Synchronization Memory Size Optimization 19
20 NEED FOR SOMETHING, A Scenario Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 Camera fetches a video stream Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 20 Core Framework This scenario Core External is simplified for OEM presentation. Library Not an actual example Adaptation of Tizen Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
21 NEED FOR SOMETHING, A Scenario Draws its own images Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 Camera fetches a video stream Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 21 Core Framework This scenario Core External is simplified for OEM presentation. Library Not an actual example Adaptation of Tizen Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
22 NEED FOR SOMETHING, A Scenario Draws its own images Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 Gstreamer- CameraSrc Camera fetches a video stream Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Libdrm 2D GPU backend DRM Framework GEM NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr GPU Merges the two / Puts the merged image GPU DDK (G3D) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 22 Core Framework This scenario Core External is simplified for OEM presentation. Library Not an actual example Adaptation of Tizen Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
23 NEED FOR SOMETHING, A Scenario Draws its own images Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 Gstreamer- CameraSrc Camera fetches a video stream Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Libdrm 2D GPU backend DRM Framework GEM NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr GPU Merges the two / Puts the merged image GPU DDK (G3D) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D DRM-FIMD(display) Output 23 Core Framework This scenario Core External is simplified for OEM presentation. Library Not an actual example Adaptation of Tizen Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
24 NEED FOR SOMETHING, A Scenario Draws its own images At a GEM buffer Multimedia FW X Server XvImageSink XV Extension X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 Gstreamer- CameraSrc At a VB2 buffer Libdrm 2D GPU backend DRM Framework GEM NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr GPU Merges the two / Puts the merged image GPU DDK From GEM + VB2 into its own (e.g., UMP) (G3D) Camera fetches a video stream Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D DRM-FIMD(display) Output GEM buffer 24 Core Framework This scenario Core External is simplified for OEM presentation. Library Not an actual example Adaptation of Tizen Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
25 Tizen Kernel MM, UMM Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Gstreamer- CameraSrc Kernel / Core & Subsystem Libdrm A mechanism to share between DRM, V4L2, and others w/o memcpy 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 25 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
26 Tizen Kernel MM, UMM Requirement from Tizen platform and hardware Multimedia FW X Server Different Memory Managers: GEM, VB2, GPU-adhoc, XvImageSink XV Extension X Video Drivers EXA Share buffers Kernel GStreamer w/o memcpy Gstreamer- OpenMAX CameraSrc Kernel / Core & Subsystem Libdrm 2D GPU backend From and to users Never expose directly to users (e.g., physical address) UMM DMABUF! NEON EFL Evas PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Open GL V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 26 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
27 Tizen Kernel Memory Management Unified Memory Management (UMM) Introduced by Jesse Barker, 2011 Includes DMABUF (sharing buffer) DMA Mapping API for Allocation. CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator) IOMMU (MMU for I/O devs) 27
28 Tizen Kernel MM, UMM DMA Buffer Sharing: DMABUF Export GEM/VB2/ object DMABUF Import DMABUF GEM/VB2/ object Userspace sees DMABUF as a File Descriptor 28
29 DMA Buffer Sharing: DMABUF, Example Camera Display User space X server Xvsink Camera App FD Video encoder Camera src Kernel space DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf HW Display Codec Camera Memory 29
30 DMA Buffer Sharing: DMABUF, Example Conceptual Data Flow User space X server Xvsink Camera App FD Video encoder Camera src Kernel space DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf HW Display Codec Camera Memory 30
31 DMABUF Usage Example 1/4 Camera App 1) Request V4L2 camera buffer (U) 2) Allocate CMA buffer (K) 3) Request a camera frame at the V4L2 buffer (U) 4) Store the camera frame & Notify user (K) 5) Request DMABUF export for the V4L2 camera buffer (U) 6) dma_buf_exporter() (K) - Create DMABUF from V4L2 buffer 7) dma_buf_fd() (K) - Provide FD of the DMABUF to user User space HW Kernel space X server DRM Xvsink Camera App Camera src FD Video encoder KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 31
32 DMABUF Usage Example 1/4 Camera App 1) Request V4L2 camera buffer (U) 2) Allocate CMA buffer (K) 3) Request a camera frame at the V4L2 buffer (U) 4) Store the camera frame & Notify user (K) 5) Request DMABUF export for the V4L2 camera buffer (U) 6) dma_buf_exporter() (K) - Create DMABUF from V4L2 buffer 7) dma_buf_fd() (K) - Provide FD of the DMABUF to user User space HW Kernel space X server DRM Xvsink Camera App Camera src FD Video encoder KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 32
33 DMABUF Usage Example 1/4 Camera App 1) Request V4L2 camera buffer (U) 2) Allocate CMA buffer (K) 3) Request a camera frame at the V4L2 buffer (U) 4) Store the camera frame & Notify user (K) 5) Request DMABUF export for the V4L2 camera buffer (U) 6) dma_buf_exporter() (K) - Create DMABUF from V4L2 buffer 7) dma_buf_fd() (K) - Provide FD of the DMABUF to user User space HW Kernel space X server DRM Xvsink Camera App Camera src FD Video encoder KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 33
34 DMABUF Usage Example 2/4 Camera App 8) Request FD->GEM conversion (U) 9) dma_buf_get(fd) (K) - Get DMABUF from FD 10) dma_buf_attach(dma-buf) / dma_buf_map_attachment() (K) - Get Buffer from DMABUF 11) Import as GEM, send user (K) 12) Request GEM object name (U) 13) Return GEM object name (K) 14) Send GEM object name to X (U) User space HW Kernel space X server DRM Xvsink Camera App Camera src FD Video encoder KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 34
35 DMABUF Usage Example 2/4 Camera App 8) Request FD->GEM conversion (U) 9) dma_buf_get(fd) (K) - Get DMABUF from FD 10) dma_buf_attach(dma-buf) / dma_buf_map_attachment() (K) - Get Buffer from DMABUF 11) Import as GEM, send user (K) 12) Request GEM object name (U) 13) Return GEM object name (K) 14) Send GEM object name to X (U) User space HW Kernel space X server DRM Xvsink Camera App Camera src FD Video encoder KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 35
36 DMABUF Usage Example 3/4 Camera App X server Xvsink FD Camera src Video encoder User space X server Kernel space DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera 15) Convert given GEM object name to GEM. Display its content. (U & K) struct dma_buf HW Display Codec Camera Memory 36
37 DMABUF Usage Example 3/4 Camera App X server Xvsink FD Camera src Video encoder User space X server Kernel space DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera 15) Convert given GEM object name to GEM. Display its content. (U & K) struct dma_buf HW Display Codec Camera Memory 37
38 DMABUF Usage Example 4/4 Camera App X server Xvsink FD Camera src Close after usage 1) Free the GEM object (U) 2) Remove reference from the DMABUF (K) 3) Close(DMABUF-FD) at cam app (U) 4) (No more reference to DMABUF) Release callback executed (K) User space HW Kernel space Video encoder DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 38
39 DMABUF Usage Example 4/4 Camera App X server Xvsink FD Camera src Close after usage 1) Free the GEM object (U) 2) Remove reference from the DMABUF 3) Close(DMABUF-FD) at cam app (U) 4) (No more reference to DMABUF) Release callback executed (K) User space HW Kernel space Video encoder DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 39
40 DMABUF Usage Example 4/4 Camera App X server Xvsink FD Camera src Close after usage 1) Free the GEM object (U) 2) Remove reference from the DMABUF 3) Close(DMABUF-FD) at cam app (U) 4) (No more reference to DMABUF) Release callback executed (K) User space HW Kernel space Video encoder DRM KMS GEM V4L2 Codec V4L2 Camera struct dma_buf Display Codec Camera Memory 40
41 Sorry, Back to DRM/GEM DMABUF Import / Export needs to be added DRM_IOCTL_PRIME_HANDLE_TO_FD Export gem handle into dmabuf fd DRM_IOCTL_PRIME_FD_TO_HANDLE Import dmabuf fd into gem handle 41
42 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel To Run Tizen OS. Basic Memory Management Components Buffer Sharing (UMM/DMABUF) Buffer Allocation (UMM/DMAAPI) Buffer Synchronization Memory Size Optimization 42
43 Tizen Kernel Memory Management Unified Memory Management (UMM) Introduced by Jesse Barker, 2011 Includes DMABUF (sharing buffer) DMA Mapping API for Allocation. CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator) IOMMU (MMU for I/O devs) 43
44 Tizen Kernel MM, UMM DMA Mapping Tizen Reference DRM / GEM 1 2 V4L2 / VB2 2 2 Common DMA Mapping Framework Driver CMA Buddy IOMMU IOMMU System Memory 1: Exynos-DRM provides unified device address space for all DRM devices 2: Each V4L2 device has its own device address space 44
45 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel To Run Tizen OS. Basic Memory Management Components Buffer Sharing (UMM/DMABUF) Buffer Allocation (UMM/DMAAPI) Buffer Synchronization Memory Size Optimization 45
46 Tizen Kernel Memory Management We Still Have A HUGE Problem! 46
47 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. Multimedia FW XvImageSink XV Extension X Server X Video Drivers EXA EFL Evas Open GL Kernel OpenMAX GStreamer Synchronization? Gstreamer- CameraSrc Libdrm 2D GPU backend NEON PIXMAN 2D GPU backend Userptr Kernel / Core & Subsystem V4L2 VB2 UMM DMABUF DRM Framework GEM GPU DDK (G3D) Kernel / Device Drivers (BSP) Codec Camera Radio Display HDMI Virtual Display Post Processor G2D 47 Core Framework Core External Library OEM Adaptation Kernel * Images from MS Office clipart and Samsung
48 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 CPU GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 48
49 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 CPU GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 49
50 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 CPU GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 50
51 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 CPU GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 51
52 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 CPU GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 52
53 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? Simple Usage Scenario 1. CPU writes to buffer1. 2. CPU tells GPU to do something on buffer1. 3. GPU does something on buffer1. 4. GPU finishes. 5. CPU reads the buffer1 How to ensure CPU won t use buffer 1 until step 4? (esp., a user process) 53
54 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? What if there are two threads using GPU? And if the two look at the same buffer? Not even aware of it? CPU, Thread1 CPU, Thread2 GPU BUS DRAM DRAM 54
55 Tizen Kernel MM, Buffer Sync. What s the problem? What if the two DMA devices (GPU, FIMC) share buffer? But hard to know it at drivers or user threads. FIMC never knows when GPU finishes FIMC never knows when Threads1 stops using buffer1 Threads2 never know when GPU stops using buffer1 CPU, Thread1 CPU, Thread2 GPU FIMC-IPP (Image Post Processing) BUS DRAM DRAM 55
56 Tizen Kernel Memory Management Buffer Synchronization TGL (Tizen Global Tizen 2.0 Let userspace handle the issue Kernel patch required. Sync Framework (Google) Jun, Resources w/o DMABUF (similar with TGL) KDS (Kernel Dependency System, ARM) May 2012 / DMABUF-compatible DMA Fence Framework (Canonical/TI) Aug 2012 / DMABUF-compatible Work-In-Progress 56
57 Contents Tizen Kernel Overview Memory Management in Tizen Kernel Memory Size Optimization To Run w/ More Devices 57
58 Memory Size Optimization: Challenge A device with 512MB RAM Graphics/Multimedia devices want 400MB reserved No IOMMU. The userspace wants to run a web browser and HTML5 app! REALLY POSSIBLE? 58
59 Memory Size Optimization: Challenge A device with 512MB RAM Graphics/Multimedia devices want 400MB reserved No IOMMU The userspace wants to run a web browser and HTML5 app! REALLY POSSIBLE? WHY NOT? 59
60 Minimize H/W Reserved Memory CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator) Camera wants to reserve 400MB. No IOMMU: too primitive to use paging. You don t use cameras while web browsing. Free the 400MB reserved to camera, let userspace use it. CMA can do. 60
61 Minimize H/W Reserved Memory (Obsolete/Low-cost) ARM SoC s DMA devices No IOMMU Use physically continuous memory chunk. No paging Potentially, a lot of memory is wasted. CPU CPU CPU L2 Cache MMU BUS DRAM Controller DRAM DRAM GPU 61
62 Minimize H/W Reserved Memory IOMMU (Modern/Mid-High-cost) ARM SoC s DMA devices IOMMU for DMA devices! Use paging! Dynamically allocate & free CPU CPU CPU L2 Cache MMU BUS DRAM Controller DRAM DRAM GPU IOMMU 62
63 Minimize H/W Reserved Memory IOMMU Exynos4210/4412-based Tizen mobile device Achieved near-zero reserved memory. At the menuscreen, only around ~40MB allocated for display and GPU. Unfortunately, not included in the Tizen reference kernel. But easily supported by Vanilla kernel for Tizen reference boards 63
64 Minimize H/W Reserved Memory Results with 1GB RAM Device -sh-4.1# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: /+ buffers/cache: Swap: sh-4.1# uname -a Linux localhost gc1981b1 #34 SMP PREEMPT Wed Apr 10 10:24:04 KST 2013 armv7l GNU/Linux Mostly available to kernel ( of 1024MB) Even with Tizen loaded, mostly free to users (856MB of 1GB) 64
65 Memory Size Optimization: Still Hungry? Further optimization required for low-budget devices Running full features with 512MB? Or even < 512MB? What about multi-tasking or background apps? 65
66 Memory Size Optimization: SWAP Swap zram Used in some Samsung mobile devices successfully Or even swap-to-flash? 66
67 Memory Size Optimization: Multitasking / Background Apps Limit multitasking & background-app support Pseudo multitasking by freezing background apps 67
68 Thank you!
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