ARMv8 port of the Jailhouse hypervisor
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1 Security Level: ARMv8 port of the Jailhouse hypervisor Antonios Motakis Version: V1.0( ) Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH
2 Acknowledgements Jan Kiszka, SIEMENS (Upstream project) Jean-Philippe Brucker, ARM (ARM32 port) Huawei ERC Munich team Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 2
3 Introduction Why a new hypervisor? Why Jailhouse on ARM64 / ARMv8? Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 3
4 Modern Virtualization A portable abstraction of a machine VM vcpuv vcpu Hypervisor Hypervisor CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 4
5 Modern Virtualization Rich in features VM vcpuv vcpu Hypervisor CPU CPU CPU CPU Hypervisor CPU CPU CPU CPU Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 5
6 Modern Virtualization can be quite complex Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 6
7 Jailhouse: the hypervisor for safety Partitioning of hardware resources Certifiable Safe and secure Simple Less than 10k lines of code Cell Cell Cell RTOS Bare metal CPU CPU CPU CPU Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 7
8 Jail what? Cell => guest in other hypervisors Root cell => host in KVM, Dom0 in Xen Inmate => guest software Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 8
9 Advantages Real time Safety and isolation Low overheads (close to bare metal) Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 9
10 Safety critical applications Industrial control Mixed criticality Automotive Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 10
11 Beyond safety critical systems Linux based system + bare metal data plane Secure Predictable latencies Low overhead Scalability concerns in large multi-core systems Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 11
12 Beyond safety critical systems Data plane / control plane separation Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 12
13 Why Jailhouse on ARM64 64 bit instruction set for ARM Core count keeps increasing Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 13
14 Partitioning a system 101 Our building blocks Linux module Jailhouse firmware Root cell configuration Inmate cells configuration + inmate binaries Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 14
15 Partitioning a system 101 Our building blocks Linux module Jailhouse firmware Root cell configuration Inmate cells configuration + inmate binaries Load Jailhouse Interface with Jailhouse Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 15
16 Partitioning a system 101 Our building blocks Linux module Jailhouse firmware Root cell configuration Inmate cells configuration + inmate binaries Higher privilege level than Linux All the interesting stuff Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 16
17 Partitioning a system 101 Our building blocks Linux driver Jailhouse firmware Root cell configuration Inmate cells configuration + inmate binaries All hardware resources (initially) assigned to the host system Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 17
18 Root cell configuration.cell binary built from C Hypervisor configuration struct { struct jailhouse_system header;... } attribute ((packed)) config = {.header = {.signature = JAILHOUSE_SYSTEM_SIGNATURE,.hypervisor_memory = {.phys_start = 0x82fc000000,.size = 0x , },....root_cell = {.name = "amd-seattle",... Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 18
19 Root cell configuration Hardware resources.mem_regions = { /* gpio */ {.phys_start = 0xe ,.virt_start = 0xe ,.size = 0x1000,.flags = JAILHOUSE_MEM_READ JAILHOUSE_MEM_WRITE JAILHOUSE_MEM_IO, }, /* gpio */ {.phys_start = 0xe ,.virt_start = 0xe ,... Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 19
20 Root cell configuration On x86 can be automatically generated On ARM: write it yourself Device tree information /proc/iomem Provided configurations ARMv8 Foundation model (simulation) A real hardware target Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 20
21 Partitioning a system 101 Our building blocks Linux module Jailhouse firmware Root cell configuration Inmate cells configuration + inmate binaries Resources assigned to a cell Provided examples Binary built to be run from within a cell Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 21
22 Video demo Root cell Cell Linux cell Demo app CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 22
23 How to port a Hypervisor to ARM 64 bit processors Hardware virtualization support Portability of Jailhouse Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 23
24 How to port a Hypervisor Currently supported Any ARM 64 bit core with virtualization extensions GICv2 interrupt controller Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 24
25 ARM64 Privilege Levels EL0 EL1 EL2 EL3 User Kernel Hypervisor Monitor Applications Root cell (Linux) Inmate cells Jailhouse Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 25
26 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 26
27 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 27
28 Hypervisor initialization static int jailhouse_cmd_enable(struct jailhouse_system user *arg) {... on_each_cpu(enter_hypervisor, header, 0); hypervisor/arch/arm64/entry.s /* Entry point for Linux loader module on JAILHOUSE_ENABLE */.text.globl arch_entry arch_entry:... Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 28
29 Hypervisor initialization Initialize a stack Call generic entry() function hypervisor/arch/arm64/entry.s /* Entry point for Linux loader module on JAILHOUSE_ENABLE */.text.globl arch_entry arch_entry:... Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 29
30 Initialization overview hypervisor arm arm64 arch_entry and friends setup.c paging.c entry.s control.c setup.c paging.c control.c Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 30
31 Initialization overview hypervisor setup.c arm paging.c arm64 entry.s entry init_early control.c setup.c paging.c control.c Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 31
32 Initialization overview hypervisor setup.c control.c arm paging.c arm64 entry.s setup.c Page table generating code page_alloc and friends for the hypervisor Shared infrastructure with ARM32 paging.c control.c Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 32
33 Hypervisor initialization One challenge! Jailhouse is a statically linked binary! arch_entry Entry in Linux context! entry still in Linux context early_init paging_init Init page tables Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 33
34 Jailhouse entry (x86, ARM32) 0x0 Linux VA address space Jailhouse VA address space 0x0 Kernel base JAILHOUSE_BASE Kernel VA range Jailhouse 1. kernel driver loads Jailhouse firmware 2. Jailhouse initialization starts in Linux VA space Jailhouse JAILHOUSE_BASE 3. Jailhouse switches to own VA space during init Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 34
35 Jailhouse piggybacks on the Linux page tables during initialization!!! Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 35
36 Jailhouse entry on ARM64? 0x0 (TTBR0_EL1) Linux VA address space Jailhouse VA address space 0x0 (TTBR0_EL2) Jailhouse JAILHOUSE_BASE Kernel base 0xffff (TTBR1_EL1) JAILHOUSE_BASE Kernel VA range Jailhouse 1. kernel driver loads Jailhouse firmware 2. Jailhouse initialization starts in Linux VA space 3. Ooops! The same VA range is not mapable in EL2 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 36
37 Main challenge summary Jailhouse on other platforms Linux loads Jailhouse at JAILHOUSE_BASE Jailhouse linked to run JAILHOUSE_BASE Early init relies on this; shared MMU context Jailhouse on ARM64 Linux loads Jailhouse anywhere Jailhouse linked to run from JAILHOUSE_BASE (!= anywhere) Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 37
38 Possible solutions Start with the MMU off No unaligned memory accesses Caches are being bypassed Position independent binary Need a linker during arch_entry Generate early bootstrap page tables Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 38
39 Solutions Start with the MMU off No unaligned memory accesses Caches are being bypassed Position independent binary Need a linker during arch_entry Generate early bootstrap page tables Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 39
40 Initialization (finally) hypervisor setup.c arm paging.c arm64 entry.s Initialize the hypervisor Restore the host, as a root cell control.c setup.c paging.c control.c Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 40
41 Lifetime control of Jailhouse hypervisor setup.c arm paging.c arm64 entry.s Receive hypercalls from the root cell Create, destroy cells control.c setup.c paging.c control.c Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 41
42 Shared with ARM32 port MMU / page tables generation Extended for up to 48 bit address space, 4 level page tables Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 42
43 Shared with ARM32 port GIC (ARM Generic Interrupt Controller) handling Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 43
44 Shared with ARM32 port PSCI implementation (SMP support) Low level PSCI operations in assembly Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 44
45 Jailhouse cell demos Bare metal demo applications using the GIC, timers, and UART Ported from ARM32 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 45
46 Shared components with ARM32 Extended for AArch64 support 48 bit support 4 level page tables 64 bit PSCI operations Shared drivers GICv2 PL011 UART Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 46
47 Linux as an inmate Allows for fully working Linux inmate, alongside the root cell On the floor demo we can demonstrate a Linux inmate using the second NIC of the platform Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 47
48 Floor demo Only one UART port No SMMU support (yet) For demonstration, assign the second NIC using identity mapping However, we lose the security guarantees offered by the SMMU Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 48
49 Conclusion ARM64 processor core count increasing Ideal for safety & real time Addresses scalability concerns Upstreaming in progress branch wip/arm64 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 49
50 Future directions Upstreaming of the ARM64 port More hardware support GICv3 Targets with uncommon interrupt controller or SMMU ARM SMMU support Test and benchmark under more real world scenarios Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 50
51 Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH. All Rights Reserved. The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.
52 Huawei is hiring in Munich! Come talk to us! Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH 52
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