XmlHttpRequest asemel võib olla vajalik objekt XDomainRequest

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4 XmlHttpRequest asemel võib olla vajalik objekt XDomainRequest 4

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9 Levinuimad paroolid: Password 5% Welcome 1,3% 9

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11 13% rünnakutest kaugligipääsu kaudu * valdavalt makseterminalid 12% SQL sisestus ja konfiguratsioonivead 10% faili üleslaadimine 8% petukirjad 7% muuhulgas koodisisestus ja nõrgad paroolid research-study/ 11

12 Ärge usaldage kasutajate parooliga autentimist. Näiteks facebook jälgib, kui kontot on kasutatud ebatavalistest piirkondadest või ebatavaliste seadmetega ning hoiatab kasutajat järgmisel sisselogimisel ebatavalisest käitumisest. 12

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16 M. Dumas XML Schema is an XML-based alternative to DTD. An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document. The XML Schema language is also referred to as XML Schema Definition (XSD). An XML Schema: defines elements that can appear in a document defines attributes that can appear in a document defines which elements are child elements defines the order of child elements defines the number of child elements defines whether an element is empty or can include text defines data types for elements and attributes defines default and fixed values for elements and attributes XML Schemas are the Successors of DTDs We think that very soon XML Schemas will be used in most Web applications as a replacement for DTDs. Here are some reasons: XML Schemas are extensible to future additions XML Schemas are richer and more powerful than DTDs XML Schemas are written in XML XML Schemas support data types XML Schemas support namespaces XML Schemas Support Data Types One of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types. With support for data types: It is easier to describe allowable document content It is easier to validate the correctness of data It is easier to work with data from a database It is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data) It is easier to define data patterns (data formats) It is easier to convert data between different data types XML Schemas use XML Syntax Another great strength about XML Schemas is that they are written in XML. Some benefits of that XML Schemas are written in XML: You don't have to learn a new language You can use your XML editor to edit your Schema files You can use your XML parser to parse your Schema files You can manipulate your Schema with the XML DOM You can transform your Schema with XSLT XML Schemas Secure Data Communication When sending data from a sender to a receiver, it is essential that both parts have the same "expectations" about the content. With XML Schemas, the sender can describe the data in a way that the receiver will understand. A date like: " " will, in some countries, be interpreted as 3.November and in other countries as 11.March. However, an XML element with a data type like this: <date type="date"> </date> ensures a mutual understanding of the content, because the XML data type "date" requires the format "YYYY-MM-DD". 16

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18 Nii DTD kui XML schema on jällegi omaette keeled: grammatika kirjapaneku keeled. DTD pärineb otseselt SGML-st, on suhteliselt lihtne, ning veidi piiratud võimalustega. XML schema on uus grammatikakeel, spetsiaalselt XML jaoks, üpris võimas ja suhteliselt keerukam. NB! Ei DTD ega XML schema võimalda öelda midagi tagide ja atribuutide tähenduse kohta: nad defineerivad ainult süntaksi ehk grammatika. DTD ja XML schema on kasulikud kahel juhul: Selleks, et kirjutada kontrolliprogramm, mis kontrollib, kas mingi fail on õige süntaksiga. Selleks, et programmeerija aru saaks, mis on antud keele grammatika. Tähenduse seletusi saab kirjutada näiteks kommentaaridesse. XML Schema-ga kirjeldatud igale olemile saab lisada annotatsioone (appinfo elemendiga saab kirjeldada programselt arusaadavaid täiendusi ja documentation elemendiga inimloetavaid kirjeldusi) 18

19 Täiendatud M. Dumas slaidi choice või all-ga. 19

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21 M. Dumas What is a Complex Element? A complex element is an XML element that contains other elements and/or attributes. There are four kinds of complex elements: empty elements elements that contain only other elements elements that contain only text elements that contain both other elements and text Note: Each of these elements may contain attributes as well! 21

22 NB! Kuna enamasti HTTP päringu vastus pakitakse, võib XML sõnum kulutada vähem andmemahtu kui JSON (või Scheme) vastus. 22

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25 CSS kujundab ainult elemente! 25

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27 Tellimus: Vasakul: Common Business Library Paremal: RosettaNet 27

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30 Resolver nimeruumide lahendaja 30

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71 M. Dumas XML processing with SAX A parser which implements SAX (ie, a SAX Parser) functions as a stream parser, with an eventdriven API. The user defines a number of callback methods that will be called when events occur during parsing. The SAX events include: XML Text nodes XML Element nodes XML Processing Instructions XML Comments Events are fired when each of these XML features are encountered, and again when the end of them is encountered. XML attributes are provided as part of the data passed to element events. SAX parsing is unidirectional; previously parsed data cannot be re-read without starting the parsing operation again. XQuery is a query and functional programming language that is designed to query collections of XML data. "The mission of the XML Query project is to provide flexible query facilities to extract data from real and virtual documents on the World Wide Web, therefore finally providing the needed interaction between the Web world and the database world. Ultimately, collections of XML files will be accessed like databases XQuery provides the means to extract and manipulate data from XML documents or any data source that can be viewed as XML, such as relational databases or office documents. XQuery uses XPath expression syntax to address specific parts of an XML document. It supplements this with a SQL-like "FLWOR expression" for performing joins. A FLWOR expression is constructed from the five clauses after which it is named: FOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, RETURN. <html><head/><body> { for $act in doc("hamlet.xml")//act let $speakers := distinct-values($act//speaker) return <div> <h1>{ string($act/title) }</h1> <ul> { for $speaker in $speakers return <li>{ $speaker }</li> } </ul> </div> } </body></html> 71

72 Korrigeeritud M. Dumas slaid. CSS ei tee XML-st HTML-i! 72

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76 Helle Hein Täiendused: 1 XSL perekonnast saab kasutada HTML peal XSLT-d ja XPath-i (ning seejärel ka XSL-FOd), kuid kuna HTML DOM on jäigalt defineerimata (sõltub veebilehitsejast), ei ole see ametlikult toetatud. 2 CSS võimaldab elementide ette ja järele lisada täiendavat koodi. 76

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