P2P Computing. Nobuo Kawaguchi. Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University. In this lecture series. Wireless Location Technologies

Transcription

1 P2P Computing Nobuo Kawaguchi Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University 1 In this lecture series Wireless Location Technologies Location Information Processing P2P Computing(Today) Plug and Play Technologies and Ubiquitous Computing 2 Wireless Location Technology (3) 1

2 P2P Computing Today s s Topics P2P Network Type of P2P Networks A few histories Distributed Computing Home BOINC 3 What is P2P Abbreviation of Peer to Peer Peer: a person who is of equal standing with another in a group It is used as a word against Server/Client computing. Characteristics: Peers directory communicate each other. 4 Wireless Location Technology (3) 2

3 Definitions of P2P Simple Definition P2P is a network architecture that every node has same responsibility and authority 5 Long Definition Definitions of P2P Real time data communication Each node has function of Client/Server Each peer has contents. Each peer controls network. Do not require fixed IP address. 6 Wireless Location Technology (3) 3

4 History of P2P USENET Era( s) UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy) Bucket relay In 1999, Napster changes the World 7 Type of P2P networks Client/Server Hybrid P2P Pure P2P 8 Wireless Location Technology (3) 4

5 Napster Link lost of MP3 Music File Illegalness of public MP3 file on Web How to notify link lost? Is there a good way to share MP3 files without considering server spaces? In 1998, First Year Student of Northeastern University, Shawn Fanning(18 years old) Starts development of Napster. In May 1999, Quit University and found Napster. In Autumn 1999, Download site introduces Napster and be popular. In October 2000, 32 Million User! -> > Finally 2001, 57 million user 9 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Peer1 Peer2 A Directory Server File List B 1=A, 2 = B Peer4 C D 10 Wireless Location Technology (3) 5

6 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Peer1 Peer2 C A Directory Server File List 1=A, 2 = B 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 B D 11 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Peer1 Peer2 C A Directory Server File List 1=A 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 B D 12 Wireless Location Technology (3) 6

7 Peer1 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Where is File C? Peer2 C A Directory Server File List 1=A 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 B D 13 Peer1 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Where is File C? C is in Peer2 C A Directory Server File List 1=A 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 B D 14 Wireless Location Technology (3) 7

8 Peer1 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Where is File C? C is in Peer2 A Give me File C Directory Server B File List 1=A 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 C D 15 Peer1 Inside of Napster Hybrid P2P Where is File C? C は だよ Peer2 A Give me File C OK Directory Server B File List 1=A 3 = C, 4 = D Peer4 C D 16 Wireless Location Technology (3) 8

9 History of Napster Dec 1999 : RIAA(The Recording Industry Association of America) sued Napster for copyright infringement. July 2000 : the Federal District Court in San Francisco announced it was shutting Napster down. However, soon earned reprieve. Feb 2001 : the Court decided to shut down Napster. -> > Napster changed its model June 2001: Napster closed its service. Oct. 2003: Restart Napster as another service. 17 Another P2P: Gnutella In March 2000, AOL 20 years old employee Justin Frankel (Who developed WinAmp) publish Gnutella on Web AOL order to stop it after 24 hours However a lot of Gnutella clones appeared LimeWire KaZaa 18 Wireless Location Technology (3) 9

10 Gnutella Pure P2P Works without any central server Need to connect with a peer on Gnutella network. Ping, Pong protocols Query message for search 19 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Peer1 Peer2 A Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 20 Wireless Location Technology (3) 10

11 Peer1 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Where is File C? Peer2 A Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 21 Peer1 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Where is File C? Peer2 A Where is File C? Peer5 Where is File C? B E Peer4 C D 22 Wireless Location Technology (3) 11

12 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Peer1 Peer2 A Peer 3: I have File C Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 23 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Peer1 File C is on Peer2 A Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 24 Wireless Location Technology (3) 12

13 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Peer1 Peer2 A Give me File C Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 25 Inside of Gnutella Pure P2P Peer1 Peer2 A OK Peer5 B E Peer4 C D 26 Wireless Location Technology (3) 13

14 Pros and Cons of Gnutella Pros Pure P2P:No requirements for central server Simple protocol only: Ping,Pong,Push,Query,QueryHit Cons Protocols are too simple to find over the whole network Too many ping/query messages. 27 DHT Distributed Hash Table Distribute Hash Table into several nodes on P2P networks Fast search from Huge number of data. Supporting technology for Pure-P2P P2P Research literatures: Chord, Pastry 28 Wireless Location Technology (3) 14

15 Most popular DHT Published in 2001 Chord: A Scalable Peer- to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications (SIGCOMM2001) Put each node on round table. Route through round table. Efficiency : O(log N) Chord 29 Overlay Weaver Developed by Kazuyuki Shudo (in 2006) Middleware for Overlay Networks Implementation in Java There are implementations (samples) of Chord Kademlia Koorde Pastry Tapestry 30 Wireless Location Technology (3) 15

16 P2P file shareing software KaZaA Media Desktop No.1 download in U.S. (250milliojn) 411million user (2003/6) LimeWire Gnutella clone on Java WinMX P2P File Sharing Software Winny P2P Software from Japan Share Another P2P software (next generation Winny) 31 KaZaA Media Desktop No1 in US (290Million ) Ad based on Keyword Promotion video is also distributed Free Software But running Business 32 Wireless Location Technology (3) 16

17 LimeWire Gnutella Clone (Same protocol) Developed in Java 33 Yet another File Sharing Software Low anonymity Nov 2001, 2 users are arrested in Japan. WinMX 34 Wireless Location Technology (3) 17

18 Winny Developed in Japan (May 2002) High anonymity In Nov. 2003, user is arrested. A lot of users (more than 0.3million) May 2004, Developer was arrested. 35 BitTorrent Another P2P File Downloader No anonymity P2P for just 1 file. A File is divided into chunks. Several nodes are cooperate to serve a file. Contents 36 Wireless Location Technology (3) 18

19 Groupware P2P Applications Groove ( developed by team of Lotus Notes) Ariel AirOne (Japanese P2P Groupware) VoIP : Skype Distributed Computing Seti@HOME Cell Computing (by NTT Data) 37 Groove Groupware based on P2P Can be used over Firewall and NAT. Based on Hybrid P2P protocols Good for a person who uses several PCs. 38 Wireless Location Technology (3) 19

20 Ariel AirOne Japanese Web based Groupware User only uses Web Browser Concepts are close to Groove Can be used through NAT and Firewall 39 Skype VoIP Software based on P2P Technology August 2003 Beta start. 54 million registered users A lot of user are always online. (over 6 Million user) Developed by Kazaa developer ebay acquires Skype in 2005 in 2.6 Billion US$ Based on Super-node Hybrid P2P 40 Wireless Location Technology (3) 20

21 YouTube Media on Internet P2P Video Streaming Joost Veoh 41 Joost Developed by Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis (Who developed KaZaa and Skype) Changes PC into TV Utilize P2P communication User requires Client Application 42 Wireless Location Technology (3) 21

22 Joost 43 Joost Client 44 Wireless Location Technology (3) 22

23 Veoh Another P2P TV. Both Web based and Client based 45 Other P2P TV/Streaming Bubblegum 46 Wireless Location Technology (3) 23

24 P2P Computing 47 Distributed Computing on P2P Integrate not working PC into huge computation Small computation power can be gathered into Huge computation power. 48 Wireless Location Technology (3) 24

25 To find out Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence In 1999 Signal Processing on measured wireless signals. 49 Screen saver based implementation 50 Wireless Location Technology (3) 25

26 51 Introduces competition From 1999 to million years of computation 6 million participants 52 Wireless Location Technology (3) 26

27 BOINC projects Based on success of they make it more general platform. BOINC = Berkley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing A lot of P2P computing projects are running on the BOINC. 53 Cell Computing NTT Data corp in Japan. Attends person 611 years Computation time 54 Wireless Location Technology (3) 27

28 P2P Computing Summary P2P Network Hybrid P2P, Pure P2P, DHT, Chord Winny, Skype Bittorrent P2P Streaming Joost Veoh Distributed Computing 55 Assignment Use any P2P Services by yourself. And report it with following format. Name of Service: Current No. of Users: Characteristics: Technology Contents Your opinion about the service: 56 Wireless Location Technology (3) 28