Physics 4C Chabot College Scott Hildreth
|
|
- Moses Fisher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics 4C Chabot College Scott Hildreth Snell s Law with Microwave Optics Experiment Goals: Experimentally verify Snell s Law holds for microwaves. Lab Safety Note! Although the microwaves in this experiment are not inherently dangerous, they can cause water to evaporate, and consequently they should never be aimed at the eyes. They are generated by a klystron tube, which also will heat up during the experiment. Be careful not to touch it. A. Exploring Reflection 1. Set up the system with a flat metal reflecting plate (a microwave mirror ) at the central point, and vary the incoming incident light from the transmitter between 20 to 70 degrees. Rotating the receiver on the goniometer, measure and record the angle of reflection - and your uncertainty where the receiver intensity is maximized. Receiver Microwave Mirror Angle of incidence Angle of refraction Figure B1 testing reflection; varying incident angles Transmitter Reflected Angle Reflected Angle
2 Additional questions to answer for part A: 2. Does the angle of incidence appear to be the same as the angle of reflection? How certain are you given the uncertainties in measurement in this lab? 3. Note in your data for reflection where the incident and maximum intensity reflected angles do not seem to be the same. What might be causing this result? What could you do to minimize the effect? 4. Ideally this experiment would be performed using the incoming light as a plane wave. Is it? How would the departure from a plane wave affect this particular experiment? B. Exploring Refraction 1. Set up the system with the arms of the goniometer initially 180 degrees apart, parallel to the long side of the lab tables. Place the empty semi-circular Styrofoam (acting as a microwave lens ) at the central point, so that the incident light falls on the CURVED side of the container. The flat side of the container should be exactly at the rotation axis. (Figure C1) Figure B1 testing refraction; incident angle of 0 degrees Transmitter Receiver 2. In one more step, you ll fill the empty container with polystyrene beads, and determine their index of refraction for microwave radiation. But good experimental technique involves ensuring that the container alone doesn t interfere with your results. Design a short experiment to determine whether the Styrofoam container alone refracts the microwaves. Describe what you did, and your results. 3. Now fill the container with polystyrene beads. Vary the incoming incident light from the transmitter between 0 and 70 degrees. Being careful to ensure that you are measuring the proper angles, rotate both the transmitter and the receiver on the goniometer, and then measure and record the angles of incidence and refraction - and your uncertainty where the receiver intensity is maximized.
3 Angle of incidence Figure B2 testing refraction; varying incident angles Receiver Transmitter Angle of refraction Refraction data: Polystyrene beads 1 Refracted Angle 2 n1 = sin ( 2 ) / sin ( 1 ) Refracted Angle 2 n1 = sin ( 2 ) / sin ( 1 ) Additional questions to answer for part B: 4. From your data, using Snell s law, n 1 sin ( 1 ) = n 2 sin ( 2 ), find (n2), the average value of the index of refraction for the polystyrene beads for this wavelength of microwaves. Here, n 2 will be 1 (meaning that the speed of light in air is almost as big as it is in a vacuum). so: n polystyrene = sin ( 2 ) / sin ( 1 ) 5. What is the uncertainty in your measurement of n polystyrene? 6. Do you believe your results will change if, rather than using small beads, you used a solid block of polystyrene? Why? Report requirements: Each student should submit ONE abbreviated report, mentioning all participants names and including copies of the data sheets from both this experiment and the Inverse Square Law (Intensity of Light vs. Distance) experiment performed in the prior week. Include ONLY the abstract, the data tables, and the answers to the questions in both labs. Don t take time recopying data tables. The abstract will be most important of this abbreviated report
4 Physics 4C Chabot College Scott Hildreth Snell s Law with PhET Bending Light Simulation* (1) Start the PHeT simulation entitled Bending Light. The simulation is available at the PhET website: (2) Start with the Intro box, explore the simulation s capabilities. Turn on the laser and drag the circular protractor such that the protractor is centered along the normal line and the boundary between the two mediums. Pull out the intensity meter and note how you can measure the relative intensities of refracted (transmitted) and reflected beams. Vary the materials both above and below the interface. Explore which material (Air,, Glass,, or ) produces the largest amount of reflection compared to transmission. (3) Determine the experimental values for the indices of refraction for both materials and using Snell s Law. Make a small data table, varying incident angles and recording the resulting refracted angles. How precise can you measure angles? Calculate n for each observation, and determine the average n for the each material. It will be your choice as to how many observations you need. Consider what would make your simulated experiment more precise! Average n A = Average n B =
5 (4) Click on the More Tools box. Make sure to select Ray and check the Angles box. Turn on the laser and again drag the circular protractor such that the protractor is centered along the normal line and the boundary between the two mediums. Also, drag the speed indicator tool out from the tools located at the lower left corner of the simulation. (5) The index of refraction, given by the letter n, is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium: n = c/v, where c = 3 x 10 8 m/s. Use the speed tool to measure the velocity of light in the glass, and verify that n(glass) = c/v(glass). (6) Now repeat your earlier experiment with the two Mystery materials, and use the Speed Tool to determine the speed of light in that material, and verify the actual indices of refraction n = c/v match your experimental values determined with Snell s Law. Actual n A = c/v A = Actual n B = c/v B = (7) Change the simulation to have water at the top, and air at the bottom. Find the critical angle for total internal reflection for this combination, and verify that angle satisfies Snell s Law. Repeat for the other following combinations of materials: Light coming from Glass Glass Light moving into Air Air Glass Measured Critical Angle Critical Angle from Snell s Law Difference
6 (8) Now use the PRISMS Box, and explore how the shape of a prism affects the refraction angles of the light. You can use and rotate the protractor, and turn in the Normal line, to help you estimate angles of incidence and refraction. (9) Select the circular prism, and water as the object, select the Reflections option, and investigate how rainbows both primary and secondary are created. Develop your own experiment to measure the angular dispersion of colors from a spherical drop, and record any appropriate data. Can you quantitatively determine the difference in n for violet vs. red light? If so, with what precision? If not, why not? This is a TEAM activity. Please turn in just ONE data sheet with the names of all participants. * Adapted 10/2017 from Discovering Snell s Law by Jonathan Carlson, PhET Contributor,
Ch. 22 Properties of Light HW# 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 22, 29, 37, 38
Ch. 22 Properties of Light HW# 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 22, 29, 37, 38 Brief History of the Nature of Light Up until 19 th century, light was modeled as a stream of particles. Newton was a proponent of
More informationREFLECTION & REFRACTION
Name_ Date Period NOTES/LAB DIRECTIONS: REFLECTION & REFRACTION SHOW ALL WORK USING G.U.E.S.S. WRITE ANSWERS IN A COMPLETE SENTENCE IN CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM. BOX FINAL ANSWERS PHYSICS U6-10 DUE: End of
More informationReflection & refraction
2015 EdExcel A Level Physics 2015 EdExcel A Level Physics Topic Topic 5 5 Reflection & refraction Reflection revision Reflection is the bouncing of light rays off a surface Reflection from a mirror: Normal
More informationGeometrical Optics INTRODUCTION. Wave Fronts and Rays
Geometrical Optics INTRODUCTION In this experiment, the optical characteristics of mirrors, lenses, and prisms will be studied based on using the following physics definitions and relationships plus simple
More information13. Brewster angle measurement
13. Brewster angle measurement Brewster angle measurement Objective: 1. Verification of Malus law 2. Measurement of reflection coefficient of a glass plate for p- and s- polarizations 3. Determination
More informationExperiment 6. Snell s Law. Use Snell s Law to determine the index of refraction of Lucite.
Experiment 6 Snell s Law 6.1 Objectives Use Snell s Law to determine the index of refraction of Lucite. Observe total internal reflection and calculate the critical angle. Explain the basis of how optical
More informationGEOMETRIC OPTICS. LENSES refract light, so we need to know how light bends when entering and exiting a lens and how that interaction forms an image.
I. What is GEOMTERIC OPTICS GEOMETRIC OPTICS In geometric optics, LIGHT is treated as imaginary rays. How these rays interact with at the interface of different media, including lenses and mirrors, is
More informationGeometrical Optics. 1 st year physics laboratories. University of Ottawa
Geometrical Optics 1 st year physics laboratories University of Ottawa https://uottawa.brightspace.com/d2l/home INTRODUCTION Geometrical optics deals with light as a ray that can be bounced (reflected)
More informationRefraction and Polarization of Light
Chapter 9 Refraction and Polarization of Light Name: Lab Partner: Section: 9.1 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate several consequences of the fact that materials have di erent indexes
More information16/05/2016. Book page 110 and 112 Syllabus 3.18, Snell s Law. cgrahamphysics.com 2016
16/05/2016 Snell s Law cgrahamphysics.com 2016 Book page 110 and 112 Syllabus 3.18, 3.19 Match the words to the objects absorbs transmits emits diffracts disperses refracts reflects Fibre optics Totally
More informationReflection and Refraction of Light
PC1222 Fundamentals of Physics II Reflection and Refraction of Light 1 Objectives Investigate for reflection of rays from a plane surface, the dependence of the angle of reflection on the angle of incidence.
More informationFigure 1 - Refraction
Geometrical optics Introduction Refraction When light crosses the interface between two media having different refractive indices (e.g. between water and air) a light ray will appear to change its direction
More informationLecture 14: Refraction
Lecture 14: Refraction We know from experience that there are several transparent substances through which light can travel air, water, and glass are three examples When light passes from one such medium
More informationLesson Plan Outline for Rainbow Science
Lesson Plan Outline for Rainbow Science Lesson Title: Rainbow Science Target Grades: Middle and High School Time Required: 120 minutes Background Information for Teachers and Students Rainbows are fascinating
More informationOutline The Refraction of Light Forming Images with a Plane Mirror 26-3 Spherical Mirror 26-4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation
Chapter 6 Geometrical Optics Outline 6-1 The Reflection of Light 6- Forming Images with a Plane Mirror 6-3 Spherical Mirror 6-4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation 6-5 The Refraction of Light 6-6 Ray Tracing
More informationRefraction and Polarization of Light
Chapter 9 Refraction and Polarization of Light Name: Lab Partner: Section: 9.1 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate several consequences of the fact that materials have di erent indexes
More informationRefraction and Dispersion
Refraction and Dispersion 1 Objectives 1. To understand refraction in optical systems, and 2. To understand dispersion in optical systems. 2 Introduction From Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity, we
More informationENGR142 PHYS 115 Geometrical Optics and Lenses
ENGR142 PHYS 115 Geometrical Optics and Lenses Part A: Rays of Light Part B: Lenses: Objects, Images, Aberration References Pre-lab reading Serway and Jewett, Chapters 35 and 36. Introduction Optics play
More informationLight & Optical Systems Reflection & Refraction. Notes
Light & Optical Systems Reflection & Refraction Notes What is light? Light is electromagnetic radiation Ultra-violet + visible + infra-red Behavior of Light Light behaves in 2 ways particles (photons)
More informationImage Formation by Refraction
Image Formation by Refraction If you see a fish that appears to be swimming close to the front window of the aquarium, but then look through the side of the aquarium, you ll find that the fish is actually
More informationName Section Date. Experiment Reflection and Refraction
Name Section Date Introduction: Experiment Reflection and Refraction The travel of light is often represented in geometric optics by a light ray, a line that is drawn to represent the straight-line movement
More informationLight travels in straight lines, this is referred to as... this means that light does not bend...
SNC 2DI - 10.2 Properties of Light and Reflection Light travels in straight lines, this is referred to as... this means that light does not bend... Reflection : Light travels in a straight line as long
More informationInvestigation 21A: Refraction of light
Investigation 21A: Refraction of light Essential question: How does light refract at a boundary? What is the index of refraction of water? Refraction may change the direction of light rays passing from
More informationReflection and Refraction
rev 05/2018 Equipment List and Refraction Qty Items Part Numbers 1 Light Source, Basic Optics OS-8517 1 Ray Optics Set OS-8516 2 White paper, sheet 1 Metric ruler 1 Protractor Introduction The purpose
More informationOptics: Reflection and Refraction (approx. completion time: 2.5 h) (3/28/11)
Optics: Reflection and Refraction (approx. completion time: 2.5 h) (3/28/11) Introduction In this lab you will investigate the reflection and refraction of light. Reflection of light from a surface is
More informationReflection and Refraction. Chapter 29
Reflection and Refraction Chapter 29 Reflection When a wave reaches a boundary between two media, some or all of the wave bounces back into the first medium. Reflection The angle of incidence is equal
More informationRefraction Ch. 29 in your text book
Refraction Ch. 29 in your text book Objectives Students will be able to: 1) Identify incident and refracted angles 2) Explain what the index of refraction tells about a material 3) Calculate the index
More informationReflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light Physics 246
Reflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light Physics 46 In today's laboratory several properties of light, including the laws of reflection, refraction, total internal reflection and polarization,
More informationM = h' h = #i. n = c v
Name: Physics Chapter 14 Study Guide ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Useful Information: c = 3 "10 8 m s 1 i + 1 o = 1 f M = h' h =
More informationAP* Optics Free Response Questions
AP* Optics Free Response Questions 1978 Q5 MIRRORS An object 6 centimeters high is placed 30 centimeters from a concave mirror of focal length 10 centimeters as shown above. (a) On the diagram above, locate
More informationOptics: Laser Light Show Student Advanced Version
Optics: Laser Light Show Student Advanced Version In this lab, you will explore the behavior of light. You will observe reflection and refraction of a laser beam in jello, and use a diffraction pattern
More informationChapter 26 Geometrical Optics
Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics 26.1 The Reflection of Light 26.2 Forming Images With a Plane Mirror 26.3 Spherical Mirrors 26.4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation 26.5 The Refraction of Light 26.6 Ray
More informationLight and the Properties of Reflection & Refraction
Light and the Properties of Reflection & Refraction OBJECTIVE To study the imaging properties of a plane mirror. To prove the law of reflection from the previous imaging study. To study the refraction
More informationLIGHT. Speed of light Law of Reflection Refraction Snell s Law Mirrors Lenses
LIGHT Speed of light Law of Reflection Refraction Snell s Law Mirrors Lenses Light = Electromagnetic Wave Requires No Medium to Travel Oscillating Electric and Magnetic Field Travel at the speed of light
More informationPart 1: Plane Mirrors!
Algodoo Optics Part 1: Plane Mirrors This activity will model, using Algodoo, the mirror lab experiment from class. With a physical model, students are asked to look into the mirror from two different
More informationRecap: Refraction. Amount of bending depends on: - angle of incidence - refractive index of medium. (n 2 > n 1 ) n 2
Amount of bending depends on: - angle of incidence - refractive index of medium Recap: Refraction λ 1 (n 2 > n 1 ) Snell s Law: When light passes from one transparent medium to another, the rays will be
More informationPurpose: To determine the index of refraction of glass, plastic and water.
LAB 9 REFRACTION-THE BENDING OF LIGHT Purpose: To determine the index of refraction of glass, plastic and water. Materials: Common pins, glass block, plastic block, small semi-circular water container,
More informationspecular diffuse reflection.
Lesson 8 Light and Optics The Nature of Light Properties of Light: Reflection Refraction Interference Diffraction Polarization Dispersion and Prisms Total Internal Reflection Huygens s Principle The Nature
More informationStevens High School AP Physics II Work for Not-school
1. Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time (more on this in the next unit) that travel at the speed of light (c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s). In 2016, the LIGO (Laser Interferometry Gravitational
More informationLecture Ray Model of Light. Physics Help Q&A: tutor.leiacademy.org
Lecture 1201 Ray Model of Light Physics Help Q&A: tutor.leiacademy.org Reflection of Light A ray of light, the incident ray, travels in a medium. When it encounters a boundary with a second medium, part
More informationReflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light
Reflection, Refraction and Polarization of Light Physics 246/Spring2012 In today's laboratory several properties of light, including the laws of reflection, refraction, total internal reflection and polarization,
More informationLecture 24 EM waves Geometrical optics
Physics 2102 Jonathan Dowling Lecture 24 EM waves Geometrical optics EM spherical waves The intensity of a wave is power per unit area. If one has a source that emits isotropically (equally in all directions)
More informationLight. Electromagnetic wave with wave-like nature Refraction Interference Diffraction
Light Electromagnetic wave with wave-like nature Refraction Interference Diffraction Light Electromagnetic wave with wave-like nature Refraction Interference Diffraction Photons with particle-like nature
More informationREFLECTION & REFRACTION
REFLECTION & REFRACTION OBJECTIVE: To study and verify the laws of reflection and refraction using a plane mirror and a glass block. To see the virtual images that can be formed by the reflection and refraction
More informationProtocol for Lab. Fundamentals
Protocol for Lab Fundamentals Content 1. Beam propagation, law of reflection, and Snellius law... 3 1.1. Air-metal and air-plexiglass transition... 3 1.2. Air-water... 3 1.3. Plexiglass-water... 3 1.4.
More informationOptics Test Science What are some devices that you use in everyday life that require optics?
Optics Test Science 8 Introduction to Optics 1. What are some devices that you use in everyday life that require optics? Light Energy and Its Sources 308-8 identify and describe properties of visible light
More informationPY106 Class31. Index of refraction. Refraction. Index of refraction. Sample values of n. Rays and wavefronts. index of refraction: n v.
Refraction Index of refraction When an EM wave travels in a vacuum, its speed is: c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. In any other medium, light generally travels at a slower speed. The speed of light v in a material
More informationFINDING THE INDEX OF REFRACTION - WebAssign
Name: Book: Period: Due Date: Lab Partners: FINDING THE INDEX OF REFRACTION - WebAssign Purpose: The theme in this lab is the interaction between light and matter. Matter and light seem very different
More informationfirst name (print) last name (print) brock id (ab17cd) (lab date)
(ta initials) first name (print) last name (print) brock id (ab17cd) (lab date) Experiment 4 Refraction of light Prelab preparation Print a copy of this experiment to bring to your scheduled lab session.
More informationOPTICAL POTPOURRI (L-21)
L-21 OPTICAL POTPOURRI (L-21) What you are about to experience is really five mini-labs in one: an exploration of refraction, total internal reflection, dispersion, color mixing, and mirages. Note that
More informationWhich row could be correct for the colours seen at X, at Y and at Z?
1 The ray diagram shows the image of an formed by a converging lens. converging lens image 50 cm What is the focal length of the lens? 40 cm 72 cm 40 cm 50 cm 72 cm 90 cm 2 The diagram shows the dispersion
More informationHome Lab 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law
Home Lab Week 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law Home Lab 7 Refraction, Ray Tracing, and Snell s Law Activity 7-1: Snell s Law Objective: Verify Snell s law Materials Included: Laser pointer Cylindrical
More informationPhysics 102: Lecture 17 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Physics 102: Lecture 17 Reflection and Refraction of Light Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 1 Today Last Time Recall from last time. Reflection: q i = q r Flat Mirror: image equidistant behind Spherical
More information1. Which diagram best represents the reflection of light from an irregular surface?
waves 6-2-04 Name 02-JUN-04 1. Which diagram best represents the reflection of light from an irregular surface? 1. 1 3. 3 2. 2 4. 4 2. In a vacuum, a monochromatic beam of light as a frequency of 6.3 X
More informationPhysics Experiment 13
Fig. 13-1 Equipment This side of the mirror is gray. Place this side on the baseline. You can see your reflection on this side of the mirror. Fig. 13-2 Mirror Placement: The "Plexi-Ray Kit" contains a
More informationPhys102 Lecture 21/22 Light: Reflection and Refraction
Phys102 Lecture 21/22 Light: Reflection and Refraction Key Points The Ray Model of Light Reflection and Mirrors Refraction, Snell s Law Total internal Reflection References 23-1,2,3,4,5,6. The Ray Model
More informationDraw a diagram showing the fibre and the path of the ray of light. Describe one use of optical fibres in medicine. You may draw a diagram.
1 (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a length of curved optical fibre. Draw a diagram showing the fibre and the path of the ray of light. [1] Describe one use of optical fibres in medicine. You may
More informationLight. Form of Electromagnetic Energy Only part of Electromagnetic Spectrum that we can really see
Light Form of Electromagnetic Energy Only part of Electromagnetic Spectrum that we can really see Facts About Light The speed of light, c, is constant in a vacuum. Light can be: REFLECTED ABSORBED REFRACTED
More informationRefraction: Snell's Law. October 26, 2010
Refraction: Snell's Law October 26, 2010 When light passes from one medium into another, part of the incident light is reflected at the boundary The remainder passes into the new medium. Unless it is perpendicular,
More informationChapter 33 The Nature and Propagation of Light by C.-R. Hu
Chapter 33 The Nature and Propagation of Light by C.-R. Hu Light is a transverse wave of the electromagnetic field. In 1873, James C. Maxwell predicted it from the Maxwell equations. The speed of all electromagnetic
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 26. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 26 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics Units of Chapter 26 The Reflection of Light Forming Images with a Plane Mirror Spherical Mirrors Ray Tracing
More informationThe Propagation of Light:
Lecture 8 Chapter 4 The Propagation of Light: Transmission Reflection Refraction Macroscopic manifestations of scattering and interference occurring at the atomic level Reflection Reflection Inside the
More information4.5 Images Formed by the Refraction of Light
Figure 89: Practical structure of an optical fibre. Absorption in the glass tube leads to a gradual decrease in light intensity. For optical fibres, the glass used for the core has minimum absorption at
More informationChapter 35. The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics
Chapter 35 The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics Introduction to Light Light is basic to almost all life on Earth. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Light represents energy transfer
More informationChapter 32 Light: Reflection and Refraction. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 32 Light: Reflection and Refraction Units of Chapter 32 The Ray Model of Light Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors Index of Refraction Refraction:
More informationLight II. Physics 2415 Lecture 32. Michael Fowler, UVa
Light II Physics 2415 Lecture 32 Michael Fowler, UVa Today s Topics Huygens principle and refraction Snell s law and applications Dispersion Total internal reflection Huygens Principle Newton s contemporary
More informationRules for Deviation of Light Rays During Refraction
REFLECTION OF LIGHT Refraction of light is the phenomenon due to which a ray of light deviates from its path, at the surface of separation of two media, when the ray of light is travelling from one optical
More informationInternal Reflection. Total Internal Reflection. Internal Reflection in Prisms. Fiber Optics. Pool Checkpoint 3/20/2013. Physics 1161: Lecture 18
Physics 1161: Lecture 18 Internal Reflection Rainbows, Fiber Optics, Sun Dogs, Sun Glasses sections 26-8 & 25-5 Internal Reflection in Prisms Total Internal Reflection Recall Snell s Law: n 1 sin( 1 )=
More informationOption G 1: Refraction
Name: Date: Option G 1: Refraction 1. The table below relates to the electromagnetic spectrum. Complete the table by stating the name of the region of the spectrum and the name of a possible source of
More informationFresnel Reflection. angle of transmission. Snell s law relates these according to the
Fresnel Reflection 1. Reflectivity of polarized light The reflection of a polarized beam of light from a dielectric material such as air/glass was described by Augustin Jean Fresnel in 1823. While his
More informationPhysics 1202: Lecture 17 Today s Agenda
Physics 1202: Lecture 17 Today s Agenda Announcements: Team problems today Team 10, 11 & 12: this Thursday Homework #8: due Friday Midterm 2: Tuesday April 10 Office hours if needed (M-2:30-3:30 or TH
More informationChapter 26 Geometrical Optics
Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics The Reflection of Light: Mirrors: Mirrors produce images because the light that strikes them is reflected, rather than absorbed. Reflected light does much more than produce
More informationBe careful not to leave your fingerprints on the optical surfaces of lenses or Polaroid sheets.
POLARIZATION OF LIGHT REFERENCES Halliday, D. and Resnick, A., Physics, 4 th edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1992, Volume II, Chapter 48-1, 48-2, 48-3. (2weights) (1weight-exercises 1 and 3
More information(Equation 24.1: Index of refraction) We can make sense of what happens in Figure 24.1
24-1 Refraction To understand what happens when light passes from one medium to another, we again use a model that involves rays and wave fronts, as we did with reflection. Let s begin by creating a short
More informationPlace a straw in the glass of water and record your observations in each case.
Refraction Investigations You will find the Refraction slideshow notes helpful as you complete these investigations. How Refraction Affects What We See: Part 1 You probably won t find anyone who is not
More informationUnit 11 Light and Optics Holt Chapter 14 Student Outline Light and Refraction
Holt Chapter 14 Student Outline Light and Refraction Variables introduced or used in chapter: Quantity Symbol Units Speed of light frequency wavelength angle Object Distance Image Distance Radius of Curvature
More informationThe Ray model of Light. Reflection. Class 18
The Ray model of Light Over distances of a terrestrial scale light travels in a straight line. The path of a laser is now the best way we have of defining a straight line. The model of light which assumes
More informationLIGHT. Descartes particle theory, however, could not be used to explain diffraction of light.
1 LIGHT Theories of Light In the 17 th century Descartes, a French scientist, formulated two opposing theories to explain the nature of light. These two theories are the particle theory and the wave theory.
More informationPhysics 132: Lecture Fundamentals of Physics II Agenda for Today
Physics 132: Lecture Fundamentals of Physics II Agenda for Today Reflection of light Law of reflection Refraction of light Snell s law Dispersion PHY132 Lecture 17, Pg1 Electromagnetic waves A changing
More informationLec. 6: Ch. 2 - Geometrical Optics
Lec. 6: Ch. 2 - Geometrical Optics We are here 1. Shadows 2. Reflection 3. Refraction 4. Dispersion Guest lecture Tuesday, February 2, by Dr. Greg Werner. 1 Review Equal angle rule Similar triangles are
More informationUnit 9 Light & Optics
Unit 9 Light & Optics 1 A quick review of the properties of light. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation Light travels as transverse waves having wavelength and frequency. fλ=c The velocity of EMR
More informationθ =θ i r n sinθ = n sinθ
θ i = θ r n = 1 sinθ1 n2 sin θ 2 Index of Refraction Speed of light, c, in vacuum is 3x10 8 m/s Speed of light, v, in different medium can be v < c. index of refraction, n = c/v. frequency, f, does not
More informationReflection and Refraction
Reflection and Refraction INTRODUCTION Geometric optics is one of the oldest branches of physics, dealing with the laws of refraction and reflection. The law of reflection 1 was known to the ancient Greeks
More informationACTIVITY A FIRST LOOK AT REFRACTION OBJECTIVE To observe optical refraction and theorize the mechanism for the observation.
Name (printed) ACTIVITY A FIRST LOOK AT REFRACTION OBJECTIVE To observe optical refraction and theorize the mechanism for the observation. PROCEDURE 1. Start with no water in the cup and orient your line
More informationindex of refraction-light speed
AP Physics Study Guide Chapters 22, 23, 24 Reflection, Refraction and Interference Name Write each of the equations specified below, include units for all quantities. Law of Reflection Lens-Mirror Equation
More informationPHYS 219 General Physics: Electricity, Light and Modern Physics
PHYS 219 General Physics: Electricity, Light and Modern Physics Exam 2 is scheduled on Tuesday, March 26 @ 8 10 PM In Physics 114 It will cover four Chapters 21, 22, 23, and 24. Start reviewing lecture
More informationINTRODUCTION REFLECTION AND REFRACTION AT BOUNDARIES. Introduction. Reflection and refraction at boundaries. Reflection at a single surface
Chapter 8 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Introduction Reflection and refraction at boundaries. Reflection at a single surface Refraction at a single boundary Dispersion Summary INTRODUCTION It has been shown that
More informationRefraction of Light. This bending of the ray is called refraction
Refraction & Lenses Refraction of Light When a ray of light traveling through a transparent medium encounters a boundary leading into another transparent medium, part of the ray is reflected and part of
More informationWinmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course Physics UNIT 9. Ray Optics. surface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
Laws of reflection Physics UNIT 9 Ray Optics The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal drawn to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The angle of incidence
More informationReflection and Refraction
Reflection and Refraction Theory: Whenever a wave traveling in some medium encounters an interface or boundary with another medium either (or both) of the processes of (1) reflection and (2) refraction
More informationIntroduction. Experiment A: Snell s Law. Physics 1CL REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT Summer Session II 2010
Introduction This laboratory is a quantitative investigation of the reflection and refraction of light off optical interfaces. An optical interface is a boundary between two transparent media of different
More informationPhysics 123 Optics Review
Physics 123 Optics Review I. Definitions & Facts concave converging convex diverging real image virtual image real object virtual object upright inverted dispersion nearsighted, farsighted near point,
More informationL. R. & S. M. VISSANJI ACADEMY SECONDARY SECTION PHYSICS - GRADE: VIII REFRACTION OF LIGHT
L. R. & S. M. VISSANJI ACADEMY SECONDARY SECTION - 2016-17 PHYSICS - GRADE: VIII REFRACTION OF LIGHT REFRACTION When light travels from one transparent medium to another transparent medium, it bends from
More informationChapter 12 Notes: Optics
Chapter 12 Notes: Optics How can the paths traveled by light rays be rearranged in order to form images? In this chapter we will consider just one form of electromagnetic wave: visible light. We will be
More informationRefraction of Light Finding the Index of Refraction and the Critical Angle
Finding the Index of Refraction and the Critical Angle OBJECTIVE Students will verify the law of refraction for light passing from water into air. Measurements of the angle of incidence and the angle of
More informationWhat is it? How does it work? How do we use it?
What is it? How does it work? How do we use it? Dual Nature http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfpeprq7ogc o Electromagnetic Waves display wave behavior o Created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields
More informationLIGHT Measuring Angles
1. Using a protractor LIGHT Measuring Angles This angle is 33 Put vertex (corner) of angle where lines cross One arm of angle goes through middle of 0 This angle is 45 Measure these angles: 66 Light an
More informationPhysics 1C. Lecture 25B. "There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it." --Edith Wharton
Physics 1C Lecture 25B "There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it." --Edith Wharton Refraction of Light When light passes from one medium to another, it is
More informationReview: 22.4: Dispersion. Refraction in a Prism. Announcements
Announcements The second midterm exam is coming Monday, Nov 8 Will cover from 18.1 thru 22.7 Same format as Exam 1 20 multiple choice questions Room assignments TBA QUESTIONS? PLEASE ASK! Review: Light
More informationModels of Light The wave model: The ray model: The photon model:
Models of Light The wave model: under many circumstances, light exhibits the same behavior as sound or water waves. The study of light as a wave is called wave optics. The ray model: The properties of
More information