Introduction to Computer Graphics. Instructor: Stephen J. Guy

Transcription

1 Introduction to Computer Graphics Instructor: Stephen J. Guy 1

2 Undergrad vs Grad COMP 575: For undergraduate students COMP 770: For graduate students 2

3 About Me 5 th year Ph.D. student at UNC B.S. in Computer Engineering at UVa M.S. in Computer Science from UNC Research with: Dinesh Manocha Ming Lin On: AI Robotics Crowds 3

4 Overview Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Where is it used? Tools in graphics What kind of techniques are used? Syllabus What will you learn here? Course work How hard will this be? 4

5 Computer graphics: The study of creating, manipulating, and using visual images in the computer. 5

6 What is Computer Graphics? What can you do with graphics Creating images Changing images Blurring, enlarging, shrinking, images Visualizing complex datasets Creating 3D datasets Movies Video games Simulating physical phenomena Simulating plants and animals 6

7 What is Computer Graphics? What types of graphics are there Imaging Computer representations of 2D images Modeling Computer representations of 3D objects Rendering Creating 2D images from 3D models Animation Simulating changes over time Hardware Architectures which allow efficient handling of the above 7

8 What s cool about graphics! Visual 8 Wide appeal Interactive Interdisciplinary Biology, Physiology, Psychology, Physics, Math, Art, CS Movies Games Money Movies: $10.6B (2009) Avatar: $242 Million (opening weekend) Video games: $20.2B (2009) Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2: $310 Million (opening day!)

9 Overview Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Where is it used? Problems in graphics What kind of techniques are used? Syllabus What will you learn here? Course work How hard will this be? 9

10 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts 10

11 Entertainment (movies) Pixar Toy Story (1995) 11

12 Entertainment (movies) Pixar Ratatouille (2007) Pixar Toy Story (1995) 12

13 Entertainment (movies) The Two Towers (New Line Cinema, 2002) visual effects: WETA Digital 13

14 Entertainment (movies) 14 King Kong (Universal Pictures, 2005) visual effects: WETA Digital King Kong (Universal Pictures, 2005) visual effects: WETA Digital

15 Entertainment (movies) King Kong (Universal Pictures, 2005) visual effects: WETA Digital 15

16 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts 16

17 Entertainment (active) 17

18 Entertainment (active) 18 id Software Quake 4 (screenshot: Planet Quake)

19 Entertainment (active) 19 Electronic Arts NBA Live 07 (screenshot: gamespy.com)

20 Entertainment (active) 20 Crytek GmBH advertisement for CryEngine 2 game engine

21 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts 21

22 Graphical User Interfaces 22

23 Graphical User Interface Window system and large-screen interaction metaphors (François Guimbretière) 23

24 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts 24

25 Science & Engineering Simulated deformation of citrate synthase during substrate binding (Kalju Kahn, UCSB) 25

26 Science & Engineering 3D microscopy of capillaries in glomulerus of a human kidney (Roger C. Wagner, University of Deleware) 26

27 Science & Engineering Airflow on a Harrier Jet (NASA Ames) 27

28 Army Research Lab IES NASA/Ames ACFS Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts 28

29 Training Designing Effective Step-By-Step Assembly Instructions (Maneesh Agrawala et. al) 29

30 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts Adobe Photoshop [Photo: P. Greenspun] Adobe Illustrator 30

31 Applications Entertainment Movies Games GUIs Science & Engineering Training & Simulation Graphic Arts Fine Arts Computer aided sculptures Ergun Akleman 31

32 Arts 32

33 Art Blair Arch (Marissa Range, Princeton University) 33

34 Overview Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Where is it used? Tools in graphics What kind of techniques are used? Syllabus What will you learn here? Course work How hard will this be? 34

35 Tools in Graphics - 2D 2D imaging compositing and layering digital filtering color transformations 2D drawing illustration, drafting text, GUIs SIGNAL PROCESSING POLYNOMIALS 35

36 Tools in Graphics Modeling 3D modeling representing 3D shapes polygons, curved surfaces, procedural modeling DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY Headus Cysurf 36 NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION GRAMMARS [Hoppe et al. 1993] [Prusinkeiwicz et al. 2001]

37 Cornell PCG Henrik Wann Jensen Problems in Graphics - Rendering 3D rendering 2D views of 3D geometry projection and perspective removing hidden surfaces lighting simulation INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 37

38 Cornell PCG

39 Henrik Wann Jensen

40 Problems in Graphics - Animation Animation keyframe animation physical simulation DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS INTERPOLATION 40

41 Tools in Graphics - Hardware Desktop and Laptop GPUs PowerVR GPU 41

42 NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION Computer graphics: Mathematics made visible. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY GRAMMARS SIGNAL PROCESSING INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIALS 42

43 Overview Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Where is it used? Tools in graphics What kind of techniques are used? Syllabus What will you learn here? Course work How hard will this be? 43

44 Image Processing Image Representation Sampling Reconstruction Aliasing, Quantization, Image Processing Filters Warping & Morphing Compositing Display Technologies Color Models Devices 44

45 Rendering 3D Rendering Pipeline Scan conversion Model Transformations Hidden surface removal Clipping OpenGL Global Illumination Ray tracing Radiosity Monte Carlo Techniques 45

46 Modeling Representing Geometry Curves: Splines Surfaces: Splines, Meshes Solids: Voxels, CSG 46

47 Animation Keyframing Kinematics Interpolation Motion capture Capture Warping Dynamics Physically based animation Behaviors AI, learning Planning 47

48 Overview Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Where is it used? Tools in graphics What kind of techniques are used? Syllabus What will you learn here? Course work How hard will this be? 48

49 Perquisites Programming & Data Structures ability to read, write, and debug medium Java or C++ programs (dozens of classes) understanding of very basic data structures no serious software design required but its always appreciated Mathematics vector geometry (dot/cross products, etc.) linear algebra (just basic matrices in 2-4D) basic calculus (simple derivatives) graphics is a good place to pick up some, but not all, of this 49

50 Course Load 4.5 Major Programming assignments Every 2 weeks First one is due in one week! 2-3 problem sets or exams Final project Take away: New skill set Comfort with 3D graphics Portfolio of exciting projects Cool demos to show friends & family! 50

51 Assignment Details Assignments and dates are tentative! Exams/Problem sets (25%) 5 Assignments (50%) Warm Up Due Sep. 1 Image Processing Due Sep. 15 Ray Tracer Due Sep. 29 Rasterizer Due Oct. 18 OpenGL Due Nov. 1 Final Project (25%) Do something cool! Proposals due Nov 22 51

52 Art Contest Awards (points) for pretty pictures Everybody should submit 5 points for submitting something non-trivial 20 points for the winning entry Save Accidental Art! 52

53 Collaboration Policy You must write your own code! You must reference when you use an outside source OK: Talking to other students about ideas, approaches, etc Get ideas from books, websites, etc Get support code from example programs If you reference them! Not OK: Sharing code with someone else Not crediting ideas Directly fixing someone else code 53

54 Other details Work with your onyen Class forum up soon Instructor: Stephen J. Guy Office Hours: T,F 3-4? Physical Syllabus 54