Series Editors. W Hansmann W Purgathofer F.Sillion

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2 Series Editors W Hansmann W Purgathofer F.Sillion

3 N. Magnenat -Thalmann D. Thalmann ( eds.) Computer Animation and Simulation '99 Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in Milano, Italy, September 7-8, 1999 Eurographics Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH

4 Prof. Dr. Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann MIRA Laboratory, University of Geneva. Switzerland Prof. Dr. Daniel Thalmann Computer Graphics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland This work is subject to copyright. AII rights- are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines Of similar means, and storage in data banks Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag/Wien in 1999 Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors Graphic design: Ecke Bonk Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: With 148 partly coloured Figures ISSN ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI /

5 Preface This volume contains the research papers presented at the Tenth Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation which took place in Milano, Italy, September 7-8. The workshop is an international forum for research in human animation, physically-based modeling, motion control, animation systems, and other key aspects of animation and simulation. The call for papers required submission of the full papers for review, and each of the 34 papers we received was reviewed by at least 3 members of the international program committee and additional reviewers. Based on the reviews, 20 papers were accepted and the authors were invited to submit a final version for the workshop. We wish to especially thank all reviewers for their time and effort in working within the rigid constraints of the tight schedule, thereby making it possible to publish this volume in time for the workshop. We also thank the authors for their contributions to the workshop, without whom this unique forum for animation and simulation work would not exist. We are grateful to the Eurographics Association and especially to Werner Purgathofer from the Technical University of Vienna, for his support in publishing the workshop as a volume of the Springer-Verlag Eurographics Series. We also thank Heinrich MUller from the University of Dortmund and the Eurographics '99 organisers in Milano, especially Professor Giorgio Valle. We are also very grateful to Zerrin Celebi for the organization of the review process and Josiane Bottarelli for the registration process. Nadia Magnenat -Thalmann Daniel Thalmann (Co-Chairs)

6 Program Committee Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann (University of Geneva, Switzerland) Daniel Thalmann (EPFL, Switzerland) Bruno Arnaldi (IRISA, France) Norm Badler (University of Pennsylvania, USA) Ronan Boulic (EPFL, Switzerland) Marie-Paule Cani (IMAG, France) Michael Cohen (Microsoft, USA) Sabine Coquillard (lnria, France) James Hahn (Georges Washigton University, USA) Gerard Hegron (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, France) Jessica Hodgins (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) Prem Kalra (Indian Institute of technology, Delhi, India) Annie Luciani (ACROE, France) Hansrudi Naser (University of Zurich, Switzerland) Igor Pandzic (University of Geneva, Switzerland) Werner Purgathofer (Technical University of Wien, Austria) Demetri Terzopoulos (University of Toronto, Canada) Frank van Reeth (Limburgs University Center, Belgium) Pascal Volino (University of Geneva, Switzerland) Phil Willis (University of Bath, UK) Reviewers Amaury Aubel (EPFL, Switzerland) Christian Babski (EPFL, Switzerland) Paolo Baerlocher (EPFL, Switzerland) Srikanth Bandi (University of Bradford, UK) Rama Bindiganavale (University of Pennsylvania, USA) Stephane Donikian (IRISA, France) Marc Escher (University of Geneva, Switzerland) Francois Faure (Technical University of Wien, Austria) John Granieri (University of Pennsylvania, USA) Huw Jones (Middlesex University, UK) Marcelo Kallmann, (EPFL, Switzerland) H, Ko (Seoul Nation:il University, Korea) Michael Hoch (ZKM, Germany) Zhyong Huang (National University of Singapore) Dimitris Metaxas (University of Pennsylvania, USA) Laurent Moccozet (University of Geneva, Switzerland) Tom Molet (EPFL, Switzerland) Soraia R. Musse (EPFL, Switzerland) Jean-Sebastien Monzani (EPFL, Switzerland) Ralf Plaenkers (EPFL, Switzerland) Jan Prikryl (Technical University of Wi en, Austria) Olivier Renault (EPFL, Switzerland) Dieter Schmalstieg (Technical University of Wien, Austria) Jianhua Shen (MetaCreations, USA) Remy Torre (EPFL, Switzerland)

7 Contents 1. Virtual Humans Simple Machines for Scaling Human Motion....3 Nancy S. Pollard Tracking and Modifying Upper-Body Human Motion Data with Dynamic Simulation Victor B. Zordan, Jessica K. Hodgins Guiding and Interacting with Virtual Crowds Soraia Raupp Musse, Fabien Garat, Daniel Thalmann Animation Levels of Detail Design for Real-Time Virtual Human Remi Cozot, Franck Mu/ton, Bernard Valton, Bruno Arnaldi Pro-actively Interactive Evolution for Computer Animation Ik Soo Lim, Daniel Thalmann The Effects of Noise on the Perception of Animated Human Running Bobby Bodenheimer, Anna V Shleyfman, Jessica K. Hodgins 2. Collision Techniques A Model of Collision Perception for Real-Time Animation Carol O'Sullivan, Ralph Radach, Steven Collins Keyframe Interpolation with Self-Collision Avoidance Jean-Christophe Nebel 3. Facial Animation and Communication MPEG-4-Based Animation with Face Feature Tracking Taro Goto, Marc Escher, Christian Zanardi, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann Speech Driven Facial Animation Tzong-Jer Yang, I-Chen Lin, Cheng-Sheng Hung, Chien-Feng Huang, Ming Ouhyoung Requirements for an Architecture for Embodied Conversational Characters J Cassell, T. Bickmore. L. Campbell. K. Chang, H Vilhjtilmsson, H Yan

8 x 4. Animation Models Details and Implementation Issues of Animating Brachiation Zhang Zheng, Kok Cheong Wong Interactive Multiresolution Animation of Deformable Models Gilles Debunne, Mathieu Desbrun, Alan Barr, Marie-Paule Cani Building Layered Animation Models from Captured Data Wei Sun, Adrian Hilton, Raymond Smith, John Illingworth 5. Realism Reconstruction and Physically-based Animation of Trees from Static Images Enhua Wu, Tao Yan, Yanyun Chen, Jinhui Feng Heuristical Real-Time Shadows David Meaney, Carol O'Sullivan A Physics Based Multi-Resolution Model for the Simulation of Turbulent Gases and Combustion Daniel Barrero, Mathias Paulin, Rene Caubet 6. Behavioral Animation Sensor Modeling for a Walking Robot Simulation L. France, A. Girault, J-D. Gascuel, B. Espiau The Kernel of a Scenario Language for Animation and Simulation Stephane Donikian, Frederic Devillers, Guillaume Moreau Continuous Learning in a Behavioral Animation J D. Fouks and L. Signac Appendix: Colour Illustrations