CS302 - Data Structures using C++

Transcription

1 CS302 - Data Structures using C++ Topic: Designing an ADT Kostas Alexis

2 Abstract Data Type Abstract Data Type (ADT) A specification for a group of values and operations on those values Defined (conceptually) independently of any programming language Data Structure Implementation of an ADT within a programming language Collection Object that groups other objects together Provides various services to clients Add Remove Query

3 Abstract Data Type Abstract Data Type (ADT) A specification for a group of values and operations on those values Defined (conceptually) independently of any programming language Data Structure Implementation of an ADT within a programming language Collection Object that groups other objects together Provides various services to clients Add Remove Query Example of collection & data type: a

4 A s Behaviors Let s list a bag s expected behaviors

5 A s Behaviors Get the number of items currently in the bag See whether the bag is empty Add a given object to the bag Remove an occurrence of a particular object from the bag, if possible Remove all objects from the bag (empty or clear the bag) Count the number of times an object occurs in the bag Test whether the bag contains a particular object Look at all objects in the bag

6 A s Behaviors Get the number of items currently in the bag See whether the bag is empty Add a given object to the bag Remove an occurrence of a particular object from the bag, if possible Remove all objects from the bag (empty or clear the bag) Count the number of times an object occurs in the bag Test whether the bag contains a particular object Look at all objects in the bag CRC Card Responsibilities o Get the number of items currently in the bag o See whether the bag is empty o Add a given object to the bag o Remove an occurrence of a specific object from the bag, if possible o Remove all objects from the bag o Count the number of times a certain object occurs in the bag o Test whether the bag contains a particular object o Look at all objects that are in the bag Collaborations o The class of objects that the bag can contain

7 Class Responsibility Collaboration Card A s Behaviors Get the number of items currently in the bag See whether the bag is empty Add a given object to the bag Remove an occurrence of a particular object from the bag, if possible Remove all objects from the bag (empty or clear the bag) Count the number of times an object occurs in the bag Test whether the bag contains a particular object Look at all objects in the bag CRC Card Responsibilities o Get the number of items currently in the bag o See whether the bag is empty o Add a given object to the bag o Remove an occurrence of a specific object from the bag, if possible o Remove all objects from the bag o Count the number of times a certain object occurs in the bag o Test whether the bag contains a particular object o Look at all objects that are in the bag Collaborations o The class of objects that the bag can contain

8 A s Behaviors CRC Card Responsibilities o Get the number of items currently in the bag o See whether the bag is empty o Add a given object to the bag o Remove an occurrence of a specific object from the bag, if possible o Remove all objects from the bag o Count the number of times a certain object occurs in the bag o Test whether the bag contains a particular object o Look at all objects that are in the bag Collaborations o The class of objects that the bag can contain UML Notation

9 A s Behaviors CRC Card Responsibilities o Get the number of items currently in the bag o See whether the bag is empty o Add a given object to the bag o Remove an occurrence of a specific object from the bag, if possible o Remove all objects from the bag o Count the number of times a certain object occurs in the bag o Test whether the bag contains a particular object o Look at all objects that are in the bag Collaborations o The class of objects that the bag can contain Returns a vector of these entries makes class more portable and independent of display methods UML Notation

10 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h Interface.h class Interface virtual ~Interface() }

11 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h ensures this header file is only included once when app is built class Interface virtual ~Interface() }

12 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h templated class class Interface virtual ~Interface() }

13 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface allows polymorphism templated class virtual ~Interface() }

14 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface virtual ~Interface() }

15 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Gets the current number of entries in this the integer number of entries currently in the bag */ virtual ~Interface() }

16 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Sees whether this bag is true if the bag is empty, or false if not. */ virtual ~Interface() }

17 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Adds a new entry to this if successful, newentry is stored in the bag and the count of items in the bag is increased by newentry the object to be added as a new true if addition was successful, or false if not. */ virtual ~Interface() }

18 Interface of the ADT UML Notation #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Removes one occurrence of a given entry from bag, if if successful, anentry is removed from the bag, count anentry the entry to be true if removal was successful, or false if not. */ virtual ~Interface() }

19 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Removes all entries from this contains no items, and the count of items is 0. */ virtual ~Interface() }

20 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Counts the number of times a given entry appears in this anentry the entry to be the number of items anentry appears in the bag. */ virtual ~Interface() }

21 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Tests whether this bag contains a given anentry the entry to true if bag contains anentry, false otherwise */ virtual ~Interface() }

22 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Empties and then fills a given vector with all entries that are in this a vector containing copies of all the entries in the bag. */ virtual ~Interface() }

23 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface /** Destroys this bag and frees its assigned memory */ virtual ~Interface() }

24 Interface of the ADT UML Notation /** #file Interface.h */ #ifndef _Interface_h #define _Interface_h class Interface virtual ~Interface() } // end Interface

25 A program for a card guessing game #include <iostream> #include <string> #include.h int main() std::string clubs[] = Joker, Ace, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King // Create our bag to hold cards <std::string> grab; // Place six cards in the bag grab.add(clubs[1]); grab.add(clubs[2]); grab.add(clubs[4]); grab.add(clubs[8]); grab.add(clubs[10]); grab.add(clubs[12]); while(!grab.isempty()) std::cout << What is your guess? (1 for Ace to 13 for King): ; // Is card in the bag if (grab.contains(clubs[guess])) // Good guess remove card from bag std::cout << You get the card!\n ; grab.remove(clubs[guess]); } else std:: cout < Card not in bag.\n ; } // end if } //end while std::cout << No more cards in the bag. Game over!\n ; return 0; // end main // Get friend s guess and check it int guess = 0;

26 Thank you