1 CS580W-01 Quiz 1 Solution

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1 1 CS580W-01 Quiz 1 Solution Date: Wed Sep Max Points: 15 Important Reminder As per the course Academic Honesty Statement, cheating of any kind will minimally result in receiving an F letter grade for the entire course. Please ensure that you ll-in your name in the bubbles on the provided grid-sheet. For each of the following questions, select a single alternative on the grid-sheet. There are 7 questions with 2-points per question; there is 1-point for submitting the quiz. 1. What is the value of * 6 % -4? (a) -5. (b) 7. (c) -1. (d) 3. This question deals with two aspects of JavaScript: Associativity and precedence of arithmetic operators. The "multiplicative" operators *, / and % are left-associative and have higher precedence than the "additive" operators +, - (which too are left associative). Hence * 6 % -4 parenthesizes as 1 + ((3 * 6) % -4). The % operator which computes the remainder. It is important to to realize that in JavaScript the result always has the sign of the dividend; hence (6 % -4) evaluates to 2. Note that the operation of the % operation diers between dierent programming languages. Dierences arise when an operand is negative; also, some languages use it for modulo rather than remainder. For details, see this Wikipedia article. (d) is correct since (3 * 6) % -4 has the sign of the dividend and has value 2. So the result is which is 3, the result. (a) is incorrect since it uses both incorrect right associativity for * and %, as well as incorrect sign for %, eectively evaluating 1 + 3*(-6%-4) to -5. 1

2 (b) is incorrect since it uses incorrect right associativity for * and %, eectively evaluating 1 + 3*(6%-4) to 7. (c) is incorrect since it uses incorrect sign for %, eectively evaluating 1 + 3*(-6)%-4 to What is the value of ((6 3) & 5) << 2? (a) 0. (b) 14. (c) 11. (d) 8. (e) 13. (d) is correct since (6 3) is 7 and 7 & 5 is 2, which when shifted left 2 bit(s) is Which is the largest set below such that all values in the set are falsy? (a) NaN, null, undefined, "", 0. (b) 0, false, undefined, NaN, "NaN", "". (c) [], false, 0, "", undefined. (d) NaN, 0, {}, "". (e) "", [], null. Answer: (a). The falsy values in JavaScript are 0, false, undefined, null, "" and NaN. Note that the string versions of those values are all truthy as are [] and {}. (a) is the answer because NaN, null, undefined, "", 0 are all falsy values (b) is not the answer since it contains truthy value "NaN" (c) is not the answer since it contains truthy value [] (d) is not the answer since it contains truthy value {} (e) is not the answer since it contains truthy value [] 4. What is the value of (0 2) && 3? (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 0. 2

3 (d) true. (e) false. Answer: (b). This question deals with && and logical operators in JavaScript: Both operators use short-circuit evaluation; that is, the operator ignores the second operand if the value of the rst operand is sucient to evaluate the result of the operator. For example, if the rst operand to && evaluates to false, the result will be false irrespective of the value of the second operand and the second operand will not be evaluated. The result of each operator is not necessarily true. or false; instead it is the value of the last operand which was evaluated. 0 is treated as falsy in a boolean context. 5. Given the following program excerpt: const names = [ 'Bart', 'Betty' ]; const str = `${names[0]} and ${names[1]}\n`; what is the length of string str? (a) 17. (b) 39. (c) 16. (d) 15. (e) 38. This question deals with template string literals enclosed within backquotes `. They allow expressions enclosed within ${} which are replaced by their values when evaluated within the context in which the string occurs. Like regular single-quote ' and double-quote " string literals, template string literals allow \-escape sequences. Unlike regular string literals, template string literals allow embedded unescaped newlines which make them useful for strings which span multiple lines. (d) is correct because the length of "Bart" is 4, the length of " and " is 5, the length of "Betty" is 5, and the newline character contributes 1 for a total length of ( ) which is 15. 3

4 6. Which one of the following choices lists characters which are special regex characters inside character classes? (a) Period.. (b) Plus sign +. (c) parentheses '(' and ')'. (d) Up arrow ^. The special regex chars are Asterisk *: This sux operator denotes 0-or-more matches of the preceeding regex, but only outside character classes. Plus sign +: This sux operator denotes 1-or-more matches of the preceeding regex, but only outside character classes. Question mark?: This sux operator denotes an optional match with the preceeding regex, but only outside character classes. Vertical bar : This inx binary operator denotes a match with either one of its two operand regex's, but only outside character classes. Dot.: This character denotes a match with any single character other than a newline, but only outside character classes. Parentheses ( and ): Parentheses are used for overriding the default precedence of the regex operators. They can also be used to capture the strings which match the contained regex into program variables. They have this meaning only outside character classes. Braces { and }: Braces are used as sux operators for specifying a constrained number of matches with their preceeding regex. They have this meaning only outside character classes. Square brackets [ and ]: Square brackets are used for specifying a character class which will match only a single character. They have this meaning only outside character classes. Dollar sign $: A dollar sign is a anchor regex which anchors the rest of the regex to match only at the end of a string (or at the end of a line if the m ag is specied). It has this meaning only outside character classes. Minus sign -: This is special only inside character classes to indicate a range of characters. It is not special at the start of a character class since that would not make sense for a range specication. 4

5 Up arrow ^: This can be used both inside and outside of character classes, albeit with dierent meanings. Wihin a character class, it negates the meaning of the rest of the character class but only when used at the start of the character class. Outside of a character class it stands for start of a string (or at beginning of of a line if the m ag is specied Backslash \: This is the only character which has the same meaning both inside and outside a character class. If followed by a special character it is used to escape that special character so that the special character can be matched. If followed by a alphabetic character it introduces special syntax for matching classes of characters like digits, whitespace, etc. All other special characters are not regex characters. 7. Which one of the following regex's describes strings of 5 or more a's? (a) /aaaaaa+/. (b) /a{6,}/. (c) /aaaa+/. (d) /aaaaa{3,}/. Answer: (e). (a) is incorrect because it describes strings of 6 or more a's. (b) is incorrect because it describes strings of 6 or more a's. (c) is incorrect because it describes strings of 4 or more a's. (d) is incorrect because it describes strings of 7 or more a's. 5

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