CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING. 1 Muhalim Mohamed Amin Faculty of

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING. 1 Muhalim Mohamed Amin Faculty of"

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING 1 Muhalim Mohamed Amin Faculty of

2 Objectives In this chapter, you will learn: Basic computer concepts. The different types of programming languages in general. The elements of a typical C program development environment. 2

3 Contents 1.1 Introduction to a Program 1.2 Computer Systems 1.3 Programming Languages 1.4 Programming Paradigms 1.5 Summary 3

4 1.1 Introduction to a Program What is a program? Computer: programmable machine designed to follow instructions. Program: set of instructions in computer memory to make it do something. Programmer: person who writes instructions (programs) to make computer perform a task as solution to a problem. So, without programmers, no programs Without programs, a computer cannot do anything 4

5 1.1 Introduction to a Program 5 Figure: Programming used to solve problem

6 1.1 Introduction to a Program 6 Figure: The general process to solve a problem using computer

7 Contents 1.1 Introduction to a Program 1.2 Computer Systems Introduction Hardware Software Data Hierarchy 1.3 Programming Languages 1.4 Programming Paradigms 1.5 Summary 7

8 1.2 Computer Systems Computers can perform computations and make logical decisions faster than human beings can. Billions of calculations in one second Supercomputers perform thousands of trillions (quadrillions) of instruction per second! Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called computer program. Introduction A computer consists of various devices referred to as hardware. The programs that run on a computer are referred to as software. 8

9 1.2 Computer Systems A basic computer consists of 4 basic components: Hardware Input devices (Central Processing Unit) Output devices Memory 9 Figure: Computer hardware components

10 1.2 Computer Systems Inputs will send the data to CPU CPU Arithmetic Control & Logic Unit (Central Unit Processing (ALU) Unit) Main memory (RAM) Secondary storages 10 Figure: Computer hardware components

11 1.2 Computer Systems Regardless of differences in physical appearance, virtually each computer can be divided into few logical units or sections 1,2 : CPU will executes the computer instructions Memory holds the data and programs temporarily Secondary storage store the data and program Inputs will send the data to the memory Outputs make processed information available 11 1 Deitel, H.M. and Deitel, P.J (2013). C How to Program 7/E. United State of America: Pearson Education.

12 1.2 Computer Systems Central Processing Unit (CPU): 1 The administrative section of the computer. It is the computer s coordinator. It is responsible for supervising the operation of the other sections Control Unit Retrieves and decodes program instructions. Coordinates activities of all other parts of computer. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Hardware optimized for performing high-speed numeric calculation. Hardware designed for true/false, yes/no decisions

13 1.2 Computer Systems Main Memory: Stores instructions and data that are to be processed by the computer. It is volatile. Main memory is erased when program terminates or computer is turned off. Also called Random Access Memory (RAM). Each byte in memory is identified by a unique number known as an address. 14

14 1.2 Computer Systems Memory organized as follows: o Information is stored in bits or binary digits. o Bit: Smallest piece of memory with values 0 (off, false) or 1 (on, true) o Byte: 8 consecutive bits. Bytes have addresses. o The number 149 is stored in the byte ( ) with the address 16, and the number 72 ( ) is stored at address

15 1.2 Computer Systems Secondary Storage: It is non-volatile. Data retained when program is not running or computer is turned off. Comes in a variety of media: o Magnetic disc: floppy disk, zip disk, hard drive o Optical disc: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM o Flash drives, connected to the USB port: pen drive 16

16 1.2 Computer Systems Input Devices: Devices that send information to the computer from outside. Many devices can provide input: o Keyboard o Mouse o Scanner o Digital camera o Microphone 17

17 1.2 Computer Systems Output Devices: Output is information sent from a computer program to the outside world. The output is sent to an output device Many devices can be used for output: o Computer monitor o Printer o Speaker o Plotter 18

18 1.2 Computer Systems 19 Figure: Some examples of a computer system

19 Programs that run on a computer. 1.2 Computer Systems Software Software Categories Operating System Programs that manage the computer hardware and the programs that run on them. examples Application Software Programs that provide services to the user. Examples: word processing, games, programs to solve specific problems. 20

20 1.2 Computer Systems Data Hierarchy Data items processed by computers form a data hierarchy It become larger and more complex in structure from bits to higher level Figure: Example of data hierarchy 1 21

21 1.2 Computer Systems Table: Level of the data hierarchy 1 Level Description Bits The smallest data item in a computer (0 or 1) Characters Composed of bits Consists of decimal digits (0-9), letters (A-Z and a-z) and special symbols (e.g. %, &, *, +) The computer s character set is all characters used to write programs and present data items Fields Records Files Database A group of characters or bytes that conveys meaning Several related fields can be used to compose a record A group of related records An electronic collection of data that organized for easy access and manipulation 22

22 Contents 1.1 Introduction to a Program 1.2 Computer Systems 1.3 Programming Languages Introduction Type of Programming Languages 1.4 Programming Paradigms 1.5 Summary 23

23 1.3 Programming Languages Introduction A programmer write instructions in various programming languages, some directly understandable by computer and others requiring intermediate translation steps. We start with an algorithm, which is a set of well-defined steps. Example 1.1: Algorithm for calculating the average of 3 numbers. Step 1: Determine the first number; call it A Step 2: Determine the second number; call it B Step 3: Determine the third number; call it C Step 4: Find the sum of A,B and C; call it X Step 5: Divide X by 3; call it the RESULT Step 6: Present the RESULT 24

24 1.3 Programming Languages Example 1.2: Algorithm for calculating gross pay Step 1: Display a message on the screen asking "How many hours did you work? Step 2: Wait for the user to enter the number of hours worked. Once the user enters a number, store it in memory. Step 3: Display a message on the screen asking "How much do you get paid per hour? 25

25 1.3 Programming Languages Step 4: Wait for the user to enter an hourly pay rate. Once the user enters a number, store it in memory. Step 5: Multiply the number of hours by the amount paid per hour, and store the result in memory. Step 6: Display a message on the screen that tells the amount of money earned. The message must include the result of the calculation performed in Step 5. 26

26 1.3 Programming Languages Type of Programming Language Type of Programming Languages 27 Machine Language The only language the computer can understand. In binary machine code (0 s/1 s) directly Assembly Language One level above machine language. A low level language that is processor dependent. Each CPU has its own assembly language High-Level Language Closer to human language that people can read, write, and understand. High level programming languages are not processor dependent. A program written with this language must be translated into a language that can be understood by a computer before it can be run.

27 1.3 Programming Languages Machine language Although the previous algorithm defines the steps for calculating the gross pay (Example pg 25), it is not ready to be executed on the computer. The computer only executes machine language instructions. Machine language instructions are binary numbers, such as Rather than writing programs in machine language, programmers use programming languages. 28

28 1.3 Programming Languages printf( Enter number1 ); scanf( %d,&data1); printf( Enter number2 ); scanf( %d,&data2); Data3=Data1*Data2; printf( Result is %d,c); MOV MUL MOV AL, DATA1 DATA2 DATA3, AX Figure: Hierarchy of programming languages 1 29

29 1.3 Programming Languages Table: Some well-known programming languages 30

30 1.3 Programming Languages Program Development Environment Generally, C systems consist of several parts: o A program development environment o The language o The C standard library C programs typically go through six phases to be executed (Figure 1.5a and 1.5b): edit, preprocess, compile, link, load and execute. 31

31 1.3 Programming Languages Figure: (a) Typical C development environment 1 32

32 1.3 Programming Languages Figure: (b) Typical C development environment 1 33

33 1.3 Programming Languages Phases (2) to (4) are often performed by a single command or button click. Errors detected at any step will prevent execution of following steps. Source Code Object Code Preprocessor Compiler Linker Phase 2: Phase 3: Phase 4: Modified Source Code Executable Code 34 Figure: Steps in producing an executable code

34 1.3 Programming Languages Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) An IDE, combine all the tools needed to write, compile, and debug a program into a single software application. Examples: Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++ Builder, CodeWarrior, etc. Figure: Integrated Development Environments (IDE) 35

35 1.3 Programming Languages Figure: Example of IDE using BorlandC++ 36

36 1.3 Programming Languages What a Program Made of? Common elements in programming languages: o Syntax o Keywords o Programmer-Defined Identifiers o Operators o Punctuation o Variables 37

37 1.3 Programming Languages Syntax: specify rules for sequence of characters to be written in C language that will be grouped together to form tokens. Tokens are either keyword, identifier, constant, variable or any symbol which has some meaning in C language. A C program can also be called as collection of various tokens. Figure: Example of basic syntax in C programming language 38

38 1.3 Programming Languages Keywords: Reserved word These reserved words that may not be used as constant or variable or any other identifier names. Figure: Example of keyword in C programming language 39

39 1.3 Programming Languages Programmer-defined identifier: A name used to identify a variable, function, or any other userdefined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore _ followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9) Ahmad one_day _123 abc mynumber99 a1b2c3 W8848 P A_B_C Figure: Example of acceptable programmer-defined identifier in C programming language 40

40 1.3 Programming Languages Operator: An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. Table Example of operator in C programming language Operator Examples Arithmetic + - / * % Relational!= > < Logical &&! 41

41 1.3 Programming Languages Punctuation: The punctuation and special characters have various uses, from organizing program text to defining the tasks that the compiler or the compiled program carries out. They do not specify an operation to be performed. Some punctuation symbols are also operators. The compiler determined their use from context. [ ] ( ) { } *, : = ; # 42 Figure: Example of acceptable programmer-defined identifier in C programming language

42 1.3 Programming Languages Variable: A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that programs can manipulate. Each variable in C has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable. The name of a variable can be composed of letters, digits, and the underscore character. Upper and lowercase letters are distinct because C is casesensitive. 43

43 1.3 Programming Languages Table: Variable types 1 44

44 Contents 1.1 Introduction to a Program 1.2 Computer Systems 1.3 Programming Languages 1.4 Programming Paradigms Introduction Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 1.5 Summary 45

45 1.4 Programming Paradigms Introduction Programming is a creative process carried out by programmers to instruct a computer on how to do a task to solve a particular problem. There are a number of alternative approaches to the programming process, referred to as programming paradigms. Fundamentally, different paradigms represent different approaches to building solutions to specific types of problems using programming. Most programming languages fall under one paradigm, but some languages have elements of multiple paradigms. 46

46 1.4 Programming Paradigms Two of the most important approaches of programming process: Programming Paradigms Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 47

47 1.4 Programming Paradigms Procedural Programming Focus is on the process or action oriented 1. Uses a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do step-by-step. Unit of programming: function 1 or procedures. Functions / procedures are written to process data. Examples: C, COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, BASIC 48 Figure: The main program coordinates calls to procedures and hands over appropriate data as parameters 2 I Paul, D. and Harvey, D. (2013). C How to Program 7/E. United State of America: Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall

48 1.4 Programming Paradigms Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Also known as modular programming 2 Focus is on objects, which contain data and know how to manipulate the data with grouped functionality. Unit of programming: class or module (from which objects created) 1 Messages sent to objects to perform operations. Examples: C++, Java, C#, Delphi, Ada Figure: The main program coordinates calls to procedures in separate modules and hands over appropriate data as parameters 2 49 _ I Paul, D. and Harvey, D. (2013). C How to Program 7/E. United State of America: Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall

49 Contents 1.1 Introduction to a Program 1.2 Computer Systems 1.3 Programming Languages 1.4 Programming Paradigms 1.5 Summary 51

50 1.5 Summary In this chapter, you have learnt: Basic computer concepts, its hardware and software components that support the program development. A programmers use programming languages to write a program rather than coding in machine language. The common elements of a typical C program development environment. 52

51 53

52 Self-Review 54

53 Exercise 1.1: Fill in the blanks in each of the following. Self-Review a) Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called computer. program b) languages are most convenient to programmer for writing a program quickly and easily. High-level c) The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer s. Machine language d) C programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program. editor 55

54 Self-Review Exercise 1.1: Fill in the blanks in each of the following. e) The translate a(n) language program into f) A(n) provides access to system program for editing, compiling, and so on. g) Before linking, a machine language program is saved on disk as a(n) file. h) After linking, a machine language program is saved on disk as a(n) file. e) compiler, high-level, machine language f) Operating system, g) object, h)executable 56

55 Exercise 1.2: Self-Review Categorize each of the following items as either a form of input or output. a) Scanning images b) Printing images c) Scanning a barcode. d) Receiving a video from a webcam e) Displaying a whatsapp message in a screen f) Receiving a voice command 57

56 Self-Review Exercise 1.3: Specify the correct order: execution, linking, translation, loading. Ans: translation, linking, loading, execution 2. Determine whether each the following characteristics applies memory or secondary storage: a. Faster to access b. Volatile c. May be extended virtually without limit d. Less espensive e. Used to store files f. Central processor accesses it to obtain the next machine language instruction for execution. g. Provides semipermanent data storage. Ans: main(a, b, f), secondary(c,d,e,g)

57 Self-Review Answer 1.1: a) Program b) high-level. c) machine language. d) editor Answer 1.2: a) Input b) Output c) Input d) Input e) Output f) Input 59

SCSP Programming Technique C

SCSP Programming Technique C SCSP1103 - Programming Technique C 9/27/15 Objectives In this chapter, you will learn: CHAPTER 1: Basic computer concepts. The different types of programming languages in general. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

More information

Chapter 1: Why Program? Main Hardware Component Categories 8/23/2014. Main Hardware Component Categories: Why Program?

Chapter 1: Why Program? Main Hardware Component Categories 8/23/2014. Main Hardware Component Categories: Why Program? Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming 1.1 Why Program? Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program instructions in computer memory to make it do something

More information

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming 1.1 Why Program? Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program instructions in computer memory to make it do something

More information

Chapter 1: Why Program? Computers and Programming. Why Program?

Chapter 1: Why Program? Computers and Programming. Why Program? Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming 1.1 Why Program? Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program instructions in computer memory to make it do something

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming Standard Version of Starting Out with C++, 4th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming Copyright 2003 Scott/Jones Publishing Contents 1.1 Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware

More information

Introduction. Arizona State University 1

Introduction. Arizona State University 1 Introduction CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++, Fall 2018 (based off Chapter 1 slides by Pearson) Ryan Dougherty Arizona State University http://www.public.asu.edu/~redoughe/ Arizona State University

More information

BITG 1113: Introduction To Computers And Programming Language LECTURE 1 LECTURE 1 1

BITG 1113: Introduction To Computers And Programming Language LECTURE 1 LECTURE 1 1 BITG 1113: Introduction To Computers And Programming Language LECTURE 1 LECTURE 1 1 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: tell the purpose of computer programs. describe

More information

Week 0: Intro to Computers and Programming. 1.1 Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. Hardware Components

Week 0: Intro to Computers and Programming. 1.1 Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. Hardware Components Week 0: Intro to Computers and Programming Gaddis: Sections 1.1-3 and 2.1 CS 1428 Fall 2014 Jill Seaman 1.1 Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program instructions

More information

Topics. Hardware and Software. Introduction. Main Memory. The CPU 9/21/2014. Introduction to Computers and Programming

Topics. Hardware and Software. Introduction. Main Memory. The CPU 9/21/2014. Introduction to Computers and Programming Topics C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming Introduction Hardware and Software How Computers Store Data Using Python Introduction Computers can be programmed Designed to do any job

More information

C H A P T E R 1. Introduction to Computers and Programming

C H A P T E R 1. Introduction to Computers and Programming C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming Topics Introduction Hardware and Software How Computers Store Data How a Program Works Using Python Computer Uses What do students use computers

More information

Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages. Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) Introduction

Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages. Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) Introduction Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages Objectives Objectives (cont d.) In this chapter, you will: Learn about different types of computers Explore hardware and software Learn about

More information

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Java

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Java CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Java Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ Chapter Topics Chapter 1 discusses the following main topics: Why Program? Computer Systems: Hardware and

More information

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects Fifth Edition by Tony Gaddis Chapter Topics Chapter 1 discusses the following main topics:

More information

8/23/2014. Chapter Topics. Introduction. Java History. Why Program? Java Applications and Applets. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java

8/23/2014. Chapter Topics. Introduction. Java History. Why Program? Java Applications and Applets. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects Fifth Edition by Tony Gaddis Chapter Topics Chapter 1 discusses the following main topics:

More information

Chapter 1. Introduction to Programming and Visual Basic Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Addison Wesley is an imprint of

Chapter 1. Introduction to Programming and Visual Basic Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Addison Wesley is an imprint of Chapter 1 Introduction to Programming and Visual Basic Addison Wesley is an imprint of 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Section 1.1 COMPUTER SYSTEMS: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Computer systems

More information

Fundamentals of Programming. Lecture 1: Introduction to C Programming

Fundamentals of Programming. Lecture 1: Introduction to C Programming 1 Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 1: Introduction to C Programming Instructor: Fatemeh Zamani f_zamani@ce.sharif.edu Sharif University of Technology Computer Engineering Department 2 Outline Grading

More information

Fundamentals of Programming (Python) Basic Concepts. Ali Taheri Sharif University of Technology Spring 2018

Fundamentals of Programming (Python) Basic Concepts. Ali Taheri Sharif University of Technology Spring 2018 Fundamentals of Programming (Python) Basic Concepts Ali Taheri Sharif University of Technology Outline 1. What is a Computer? 2. Computer System Organization 3. What is a Computer Program? 4. Programming

More information

Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound).

Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound). ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS THEN AND NOW Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound). In the Past (i.e., during

More information

Programming Principles and Techniques

Programming Principles and Techniques Aptech Ltd Version 1.0 Page 1 of 11 Table of Contents Aptech Ltd Version 1.0 Page 2 of 11 Application Software Assembler American Standard Code for Information Interchange Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Algorithm

More information

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A digital computer system consists of hardware and software: The hardware consists of the physical components of the system. The software is the collection of programs that a computer

More information

Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle

Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle Looking Inside the Computer System NOS 116, 118, 218, 222 Handout 10 Hardware & Software Computer systems have four parts Hardware Software Data User 1 1B-2 Hardware Mechanical devices in the computer

More information

Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals Computer Fundamentals 1 Draw the block diagram of computer architecture and explain each block. Computer is made up of mainly four components, 1) Central processing unit (CPU) 2) Input section 3) Output

More information

Programming 1. Lecture 1 COP 3014 Fall August 28, 2017

Programming 1. Lecture 1 COP 3014 Fall August 28, 2017 Programming 1 Lecture 1 COP 3014 Fall 2017 August 28, 2017 Main Components of a computer CPU - Central Processing Unit: The brain of the computer. ISA - Instruction Set Architecture: the specific set of

More information

Chapter 1 Computer and Programming. By Zerihun Alemayehu

Chapter 1 Computer and Programming. By Zerihun Alemayehu Chapter 1 Computer and Programming By Zerihun Alemayehu What is computer? A device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions at speeds millions (even billions) of times faster than

More information

EKT 120/4 Computer Programming KOLEJ UNIVERSITI KEJURUTERAAN UTARA MALAYSIA

EKT 120/4 Computer Programming KOLEJ UNIVERSITI KEJURUTERAAN UTARA MALAYSIA EKT 120/4 Computer Programming KOLEJ UNIVERSITI KEJURUTERAAN UTARA MALAYSIA AZUWIR MOHD NOR ROOM: Pusat Pengajian CABIN C PHONE: (04) 979 8249 Email: azuwir@kukum.edu.my Office hours: make appoinment or

More information

An Overview of the Computer System. Kafui A. Prebbie 24

An Overview of the Computer System. Kafui A. Prebbie 24 An Overview of the Computer System Kafui A. Prebbie -kafui@kafui.com 24 The Parts of a Computer System What is a Computer? Hardware Software Data Users Kafui A. Prebbie -kafui@kafui.com 25 The Parts of

More information

Question Bank. Fundamentals Of Computer FYBCA (SEM - I)

Question Bank. Fundamentals Of Computer FYBCA (SEM - I) Question Bank Fundamentals Of Computer FYBCA (SEM - I) 1) Choose the appropriate option (1 Marks Questions) 1) COBOL is an example of level language. a) low level b) middle level c) high level d) both

More information

Test Bank for Prelude to Programming Chapter 0

Test Bank for Prelude to Programming Chapter 0 Test Bank for Prelude to Programming Chapter 0 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not an attribute of a computer? a. can act on intermediate results without human intervention b. has its roots

More information

C++ Programming Language Lecture 1 Introduction

C++ Programming Language Lecture 1 Introduction C++ Programming Language Lecture 1 Introduction By Ghada Al-Mashaqbeh The Hashemite University Computer Engineering Department Introduction In this course you will learn C++ and the legacy C code. It is

More information

Week 1 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part1) UniMAP Sem II 11/12 DKT121: Basic Computer Programming 1

Week 1 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part1) UniMAP Sem II 11/12 DKT121: Basic Computer Programming 1 Week 1 Introduction to Computer and Algorithm (Part1) UniMAP Sem II 11/12 DKT121: Basic Computer Programming 1 General Information Contributes 3 units: 2 hours lectures 2 hours labs and tutorials Main

More information

Elements of Computers and Programming Dr. William C. Bulko. What is a Computer?

Elements of Computers and Programming Dr. William C. Bulko. What is a Computer? Elements of Computers and Programming Dr. William C. Bulko What is a Computer? 2017 What is a Computer? A typical computer consists of: a CPU memory a hard disk a monitor and one or more communication

More information

INFORMATION COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKS Lecture Two

INFORMATION COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKS Lecture Two INFORMATION COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKS 1362 Lecture Two Microprocessor CPU: Central Processing Unit Brain of the computer Executes instructions 2 Microprocessor CPU: It has mathematical function Calculates

More information

HARDWARE. There are a number of factors that effect the speed of the processor. Explain how these factors affect the speed of the computer s CPU.

HARDWARE. There are a number of factors that effect the speed of the processor. Explain how these factors affect the speed of the computer s CPU. HARDWARE hardware ˈhɑːdwɛː noun [ mass noun ] the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system. select a software package that suits your requirements and buy

More information

Fundamentals of Programming (C)

Fundamentals of Programming (C) Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamentals of Programming (C) Group 6 Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi CE 40153 - Fall 97 Lecture 1 Introduction and Brief History Department of Computer

More information

Fundamentals of Programming Session 1

Fundamentals of Programming Session 1 Fundamentals of Programming Session 1 Instructor: Reza Entezari-Maleki Email: entezari@ce.sharif.edu 1 Fall 2013 Sharif University of Technology Outlines Review of Course Content Grading Policy What Is

More information

Fundamentals of Programming Session 1

Fundamentals of Programming Session 1 Fundamentals of Programming Session 1 Instructor: Reza Entezari-Maleki Email: entezari@ce.sharif.edu 1 Fall 2014 Sharif University of Technology Outlines Review of Course Content Grading Policy What Is

More information

CSI31 Introduction to Computer Programming I. Dr. Sharon Persinger Fall

CSI31 Introduction to Computer Programming I. Dr. Sharon Persinger Fall CSI31 Introduction to Computer Programming I Dr. Sharon Persinger Fall 2018 1 Overview Basic definitions: Computer Computer science Algorithm Programming language What is a computer? A modern computer

More information

Programming 1 - Honors

Programming 1 - Honors Programming 1 - Honors Lecture 1 COP 3014 Spring 2017 January 10, 2017 Main Components of a computer CPU - Central Processing Unit: The brain of the computer. ISA - Instruction Set Architecture: the specific

More information

1.The First Instrument known in the history of computers was. a) Pascal s adding machine b) Napier s bones c) Abacus d) Analytical Engine

1.The First Instrument known in the history of computers was. a) Pascal s adding machine b) Napier s bones c) Abacus d) Analytical Engine Quiz Questions 1.The First Instrument known in the history of computers was. a) Pascal s adding machine b) Napier s bones c) Abacus d) Analytical Engine 5/1/2006 Computer Programming TA 103 BE I year 2

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 2: Inside the System Unit Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Inside the Computer System Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization Chapter 5 Computer Organization Figure 5-1 Computer hardware :: Review Figure 5-2 CPU :: Review CPU:: Review Registers are fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data temporarily Data Registers Instructional

More information

COMPUTER BASICS LECTURER: ATHENA TOUMBOURI

COMPUTER BASICS LECTURER: ATHENA TOUMBOURI COMPUTER BASICS LECTURER: ATHENA TOUMBOURI WHAT IS A COMPUTER SCIENCE? The definition of computer science is a branch of engineering science that studies the technology and the principles of computers.

More information

Computer Devices Part 1 25 Question(s) Test ID:

Computer Devices Part 1 25 Question(s) Test ID: Computer Part 1 25 Question(s) Test ID: 148114 Name: Date: 1) Match the term with the definition Output s Storage How to tell it what to do Allows the user to enter information into a system, such as a

More information

ST. MARY S COLLEGE FORM 4

ST. MARY S COLLEGE FORM 4 Term 1 Week 1 Week 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 1. The generalpurpose computer system 2. Functions of the major hardware components of a computer system 3. Functions and uses of primary storage

More information

0 Introduction: Computer systems and program development

0 Introduction: Computer systems and program development 0 Introduction: Computer systems and program development Outline 1 Introduction 2 What Is a Computer? 3 Computer Organization 4 Evolution of Operating Systems 5 Personal Computing, Distributed Computing

More information

What is the typical configuration of a computer sold today? 1-1

What is the typical configuration of a computer sold today? 1-1 What is the typical configuration of a computer sold today? 1-1 Computer Hardware Components In this chapter: How did the computer become known as the stored-program computer? Do they all have the same

More information

Chapter One. Introduction to Computer System

Chapter One. Introduction to Computer System Principles of Programming-I / 131101 Prepared by: Dr. Bahjat Qazzaz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter One Introduction to Computer System

More information

Basic Computer Programming for ISNE. Santi Phithakkitnukoon ผศ.ดร.ส นต พ ท กษ ก จน ก ร

Basic Computer Programming for ISNE. Santi Phithakkitnukoon ผศ.ดร.ส นต พ ท กษ ก จน ก ร 269102 Basic Computer Programming for ISNE Santi Phithakkitnukoon ผศ.ดร.ส นต พ ท กษ ก จน ก ร Syllabus Instructor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Santi Phithakkitnukoon ผศ.ดร.ส นต พ ท กษ ก จน ก ร (อ.เอ ม) Office room:

More information

Padasalai.Net s Computer Instructor TRB Exam Study Material Chapter One Introduction to Computer

Padasalai.Net s Computer Instructor TRB Exam Study Material Chapter One Introduction to Computer t et t et w Pai.Net s Computer Instructor TRB Exam Study Material Chapter One Introduction to Computer t t t t Computer A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored

More information

Chapter. Focus of the Course. Object-Oriented Software Development. program design, implementation, and testing

Chapter. Focus of the Course. Object-Oriented Software Development. program design, implementation, and testing Introduction 1 Chapter 5 TH EDITION Lewis & Loftus java Software Solutions Foundations of Program Design 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Focus of the Course Object-Oriented Software Development

More information

Introduction to Computers. Joslyn A. Smith

Introduction to Computers. Joslyn A. Smith Introduction to Computers Joslyn A. Smith March 9, 2010 5/18/2011 1 What is a Computer? An electronic device that has the capability of performing the following tasks: Responds to input. Processes the

More information

! Learn how to think like a computer scientist. ! Learn problem solving. ! Read and write code. ! Understand object oriented programming

! Learn how to think like a computer scientist. ! Learn problem solving. ! Read and write code. ! Understand object oriented programming 1 TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE AND PROGRAMMING Topic 1 Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Notes adapted from Introduction to Computing and Programming with Java: A Multimedia

More information

The Programming Process Summer 2010 Margaret Reid-Miller

The Programming Process Summer 2010 Margaret Reid-Miller The Programming Process 15-110 Margaret Reid-Miller Hardware Components Central Processing Unit (CPU) Program control Arithmetic/logical operations Coordinates data movement between memory and registers

More information

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computers and Programming. M hiwa ahmad aziz

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computers and Programming.   M hiwa ahmad aziz . Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming www.raparinweb.com M hiwa ahmad aziz 1 Ch 1 - Introduction to Computers and Programming Hardware Terminology Main Memory Auxiliary Memory Drives Writing

More information

Main Parts of Personal Computer

Main Parts of Personal Computer Main Parts of Personal Computer System Unit The System Unit: This is simply the box like case called the tower, which houses the motherboard, which houses the CPU. It also houses all the drives, such as

More information

Information Communications Technology (CE-ICT) 6 th Class

Information Communications Technology (CE-ICT) 6 th Class Information Communications Technology (CE-ICT) 6 th Class Lecture 2: Computer Concepts (Part A) Lecturer: Objectives Hardware Concepts Types of Computer Components of a Computer System Computer Performance

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming 1 Outline 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What Is a Computer? 1.3 Computer Organization 1.4 Evolution of Operating Systems 1.5 Personal Computing, Distributed

More information

Downloaded From :

Downloaded From : 04-012-2011 Test V Computer Knowledge 201. The operation of combining two cells into a single cell in Excel is referred to as (1) Join Cells (2) Merge Cells (3) Merge Table (4) Join Table 202. Which of

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 6 Inside the System Unit 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2 What You Will Learn... Understand how computers represent

More information

CSCE150A. Administrivia. Overview. Hardware. Software. Example. Program. Pseudocode. Flowchart. Control Structures. Hello World Program CSCE150A

CSCE150A. Administrivia. Overview. Hardware. Software. Example. Program. Pseudocode. Flowchart. Control Structures. Hello World Program CSCE150A Computer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers Lecture 01 - Course Introduction Stephen Scott (Adapted from Christopher M. Bourke) Roll Syllabus Course Webpage: http://cse.unl.edu/~sscott/teach/classes/cse150af09/

More information

Computer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers

Computer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers Computer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers Lecture 01 - Course Introduction Stephen Scott (Adapted from Christopher M. Bourke) 1 / 43 Fall 2009 Roll Syllabus Course Webpage: http://cse.unl.edu/~sscott/teach/classes/cse150af09/

More information

Computer Principles and Components 1

Computer Principles and Components 1 Computer Principles and Components 1 Course Map This module provides an overview of the hardware and software environment being used throughout the course. Introduction Computer Principles and Components

More information

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False 1A Name _ Midterm Review Part 1 Lesson 1 and 2 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False 1. A computer is an electronic device that receives data (input),

More information

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False 1 Name Midterm Review Part 1 Lesson 1 and 2 "B" True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Bubble A for True and B for False 1. Eight bits are equal to one byte. 2. A computer is an electronic

More information

Ch. 1: Computer System part I

Ch. 1: Computer System part I Chapter 1 Computer System Ch. 1: Computer System part I Benjamas Panyangam 2013 Revision by Suphakit Awiphan Ph.D. Adapted for English Section by Kittipitch Kuptavanich And Prakarn Unachak Computer Classification

More information

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal.

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. Hardware CSCE 101 Electricity: Voltage Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. The signals voltage will either be between

More information

Components of a personal computer

Components of a personal computer Components of a personal computer Computer systems ranging from a controller in a microwave oven to a large supercomputer contain components providing five functions. A typical personal computer has hard,

More information

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Technology in Action Chapter 2 Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts 2 Chapter Topics Functions of a computer Data versus information Bits and bytes Input devices Output devices Processing Storage

More information

Introduction to Computers and Java. Objectives. Outline. Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich.

Introduction to Computers and Java. Objectives. Outline. Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich. Introduction to Computers and Java Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch 2008 W. Savitch, F.M. Carrano, Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives! Overview computer

More information

Introduction to Computers and Java

Introduction to Computers and Java Introduction to Computers and Java Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch 2008 W. Savitch, F.M. Carrano, Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives! Overview computer

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming 1 Outline 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is a Computer? 1.3 Computer Organization 1.7 History of C and C++ 1.14 Basics of a Typical C++ Environment 1.20

More information

Gagan. Site : Youtube : https://youtu.be/4jnnkritpuw

Gagan. Site :    Youtube : https://youtu.be/4jnnkritpuw Gagan Site : www.rozyph.com Email : rozyph2017@gmail.com Youtube : https://youtu.be/4jnnkritpuw Computer Store Data or Information Process Data or Information Retrieve Data or Information Units of Computer

More information

Intro to Programming & C Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. Why Learn to Program?

Intro to Programming & C Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. Why Learn to Program? Intro to Programming & C++ Unit 1 Sections 1.1-4 and 2.1-10, 2.12-13, 2.15-17 CS 1428 Spring 2019 Jill Seaman 1.1 Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program a set

More information

CC411: Introduction To Microprocessors

CC411: Introduction To Microprocessors CC411: Introduction To Microprocessors OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Use number { base 2, base 10, or base 16 }. Add and subtract binary/hex numbers. Represent any binary number in 2

More information

Introduction to Computers and Java

Introduction to Computers and Java Introduction to Computers and Java Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch 2008 W. Savitch, F.M. Carrano, Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives Overview computer

More information

Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 ICT

Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 ICT Grade 07 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 ICT I. Underline the correct answer. Duration: 2 Hours Index No:- 1) Components of a computer CPU are (a) ALU, CU (b)

More information

Problem Solving and Program Design - Chapter 1. Cory L. Strope

Problem Solving and Program Design - Chapter 1. Cory L. Strope Problem Solving and Program Design - Chapter 1 Cory L. Strope Overview of Computers and Programming Computer Hardware Computer Software Software Development (Problem Solving) Pseudocode Flowchart Intro.

More information

Chapter 2: Computers: The Machines Behind Computing.

Chapter 2: Computers: The Machines Behind Computing. Chapter 2: Computers: The Machines Behind Computing. TRUEFALSE 1. Computers perform all tasks using a combination of arithmetic and logical operations. 2. Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are also called

More information

Sahalsoftware college. Welcome To understanding Basic Computer Concept

Sahalsoftware college. Welcome To understanding Basic Computer Concept Welcome To understanding Basic Computer Concept 1 Chapter1: Understanding Computer Concepts What is a computer? A computer is a machine that takes in data, processes if following a set of instructions

More information

Computer Science (330)

Computer Science (330) Lesson 1 Anatomy of a Digital Computer Sr. Secondary Course (Syllabus) Computer Science (330) 1.3 Functions and Components of a Computer 1.3.1 How the CPU and Memory work 1.4 Input devices 1.4.1 Keyboard

More information

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah The kinds of memory:- 1. RAM(Random Access Memory):- The main memory in the computer, it s the location where data and programs are stored (temporally). RAM is volatile means that the data is only there

More information

Java and Software Design

Java and Software Design Introduction to Java and Software Design Jindal Consulting Chapter 1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving Slides by Varun Jindal 1 Chapter 1 Topics Computer Programming Programming Life-Cycle Phases

More information

15/09/15. Introduction to Computers & The Internet. Contents. Computer hardware and software. Input and output devices CPU. Memory.

15/09/15. Introduction to Computers & The Internet. Contents. Computer hardware and software. Input and output devices CPU. Memory. Introduction to Computers & The Internet Dr. Ahmad Reeves Computer Science Dep. Lecture 2 Contents Computer hardware and software Input and output devices CPU Memory Storage Motherboard Computers Have

More information

Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit

Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit The System Unit What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes called the chassis p. 184 Fig.

More information

Introduction to Computers and Java. Objectives. Outline. Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich.

Introduction to Computers and Java. Objectives. Outline. Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich. Introduction to Computers and Java Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch 2008 W. Savitch, F.M. Carrano, Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives Overview computer

More information

Welcome to Computer Organization and Design Logic

Welcome to Computer Organization and Design Logic Welcome to Computer Organization and Design Logic CS 64: Computer Organization and Design Logic Lecture #1 Fall 2018 Ziad Matni, Ph.D. Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB A Word About Registration for CS64

More information

Computer Basics. Lesson 1 Introduction to Computers. Edited by C. Rhodes 08/11

Computer Basics. Lesson 1 Introduction to Computers. Edited by C. Rhodes 08/11 Computer Basics Lesson 1 Introduction to Computers Edited by C. Rhodes 08/11 ESSENTIAL STANDARD Computer Basics ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are the parts and features of a computer? What are the functions

More information

Components of a Computer System

Components of a Computer System Hardware Outline 1. Hardware Outline 2. What is a Computer?/Components of a Computer System 3. Hardware That Computers Typically Have 4. Hardware Components 5. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 6. Central

More information

2011 Francisco Delgadillo

2011 Francisco Delgadillo 1800 s: Analytical Engine Charles Babbage Dawn of Human Concept of Numbers Abacus 1642: Pascal s Machine 1880: Mechanical Tabulator Herman Hollerith 1674: Leibniz Calculating Machine 1911: Hollerith s

More information

LECTURE SCHEDULE 2. Units of Memory, Hardware, Software and Classification of Computers

LECTURE SCHEDULE 2. Units of Memory, Hardware, Software and Classification of Computers LECTURE SCHEDULE 2 Units of Memory, Hardware, Software and Classification of Computers Units of Memory The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. All the data and instructions that the computer

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java. What is a Computer? A Bit of History

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java. What is a Computer? A Bit of History Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java CS170 Introduction to Computer Science 1 What is a Computer? A machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions Consists of hardware

More information

Chapter 2. Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu

Chapter 2. Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu Chapter 2 The Components of the System Unit Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu The System Unit What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes

More information

Basic Computer Hardware Notes in PDF

Basic Computer Hardware Notes in PDF Basic Computer Hardware Notes in PDF Computer Awareness is tested in almost every exam. Some exams like SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, SSC CGL, Railways RRB etc. require you to have Basic Computer

More information

Computer ANAMIKA ACADEMY. Mo Which function has the ability to move from one web page to another Hyper link

Computer ANAMIKA ACADEMY. Mo Which function has the ability to move from one web page to another Hyper link 1. Which function has the ability to move from one web page to another Hyper link web page? 2. What is the full name of GUI? GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 3. Which function keys are used to make spell and mild

More information

Dec Hex Bin ORG ; ZERO. Introduction To Computing

Dec Hex Bin ORG ; ZERO. Introduction To Computing Dec Hex Bin 0 0 00000000 ORG ; ZERO Introduction To Computing OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to any of the other two bases. Add and

More information

Types of Data. PE 231 Education Media AND Technology. Information. Assessment. Information Concepts

Types of Data. PE 231 Education Media AND Technology. Information. Assessment. Information Concepts Types of Data Data Represented by PE 231 Education Media AND Technology Alphanumeric data Image data Audio data Numbers, letters, and other characters Graphic images or pictures Sound, noise, tones Video

More information

Programming: detailed instructions which tell the computer hardware what to do aka software Computer Science: the study NOT of computers, but of what

Programming: detailed instructions which tell the computer hardware what to do aka software Computer Science: the study NOT of computers, but of what Programming: detailed instructions which tell the computer hardware what to do aka software Computer Science: the study NOT of computers, but of what can be computed what processes a computer can execute

More information

1.1 Bits and Bit Patterns. Boolean Operations. Figure 2.1 CPU and main memory connected via a bus. CS11102 Introduction to Computer Science

1.1 Bits and Bit Patterns. Boolean Operations. Figure 2.1 CPU and main memory connected via a bus. CS11102 Introduction to Computer Science 1.1 Bits and Bit Patterns CS11102 Introduction to Computer Science Data Storage 1.1 Bits and Their Storage 1.2 Main Memory 1.3 Mass Storage 1.4 Representation of information as bit patterns Bit: Binary

More information

Lecture 01: Basic Structure of Computers

Lecture 01: Basic Structure of Computers CSCI2510 Computer Organization Lecture 01: Basic Structure of Computers Ming-Chang YANG mcyang@cse.cuhk.edu.hk Reading: Chap. 1.1~1.3 Outline Computer: Tools for the Information Age Basic Functional Units

More information

Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals Computer Fundamentals Computers have made great inroads in our everyday life and thinking. They are put to use for all sorts of application ranging from complex calculations in the field or frontline research,

More information