Introduction to Computers. Laboratory Manual. Experiment #3. Elementary Programming, II
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1 Think Twice Code Once The Islamic University of Gaza Engineering Faculty Department of Computer Engineering Fall 2017 LNGG 1003 Khaleel I. Shaheen Introduction to Computers Laboratory Manual Experiment #3 Elementary Programming, II
2 Numeric Data Types and Operators The information stored in a computer is generally referred to as data. There are two types of numeric data: integers and real numbers. Integer types are for representing whole numbers, for example 5, 105 or Real types are for representing numbers with a fractional part, for example 5.5, 3.14 or How do we tell Python whether a number is an integer or a float? A number that has a decimal point is a float even if its fractional part is 0. For example, 1.0 is a float, but 1 is an integer. In the programming terminology, numbers such as 1.0 and 1 are called literals. A literal is a constant value that appears directly in a program. The operators for numeric data types are shown below Name Meaning Example Result + Addition Subtraction * Multiplication 300 * / Division 4 / 2 2 ** Exponentiation 4 ** % Remainder 20 % 3 2 Note that the + and - operators can be both unary and binary. A unary operator has only one operand; a binary operator has two. For example, the - operator in -5 is a unary operator to negate the number 5, whereas the - operator in 4-5 is a binary operator for subtracting 5 from 4. 2
3 The / operator performs a float division that results in a floating number if one of the two numbers is a float. >>> 4.0 / >>> 2.0 / The / operator performs an integer division if the two numbers are integers; the result is an integer, and any fractional part is truncated. >>> 5 / 2 2 >>> 2 / 4 0 To compute a b (a with an exponent of b) you can write a ** b in Python. >>> 2 ** 3 8 The % operator, known as remainder or modulo operator, yields the remainder after division. >>> 20 % 13 7 Ex: What are the results of the following expressions? 26 / / 5 28 % 5 25 % 5 3 ** % 5 * (23 * 3 % 2) 3
4 Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence Python expressions are evaluated in the same way as arithmetic expressions. When more than one operator is used in an expression, the following operator precedence rule is used to determine the order of evaluation: 1. Exponentiation (**) is applied first. 2. Multiplication (*), division (/), and remainder operators (%) are applied next. 3. Addition (+) and subtraction (-) operators are applied last. Operators contained within pairs of parentheses are evaluated first. Parentheses can be nested, in which case the expression in the inner parentheses is evaluated first. Ex: Write the following arithmetic expression in Python Solution: (2 + 1) 9( ) + 3(2 + 34) print(4.0 / (3 * (2 + 34)) - 9 * (1 + 2 * 3) + ( * (1+2)) / (2 + 3 * 12)) Augmented Assignment Operators The operators +, -, *, /, %, and ** can be combined with the assignment operator (=) to form augmented assignment operators. Very often the current value of a variable is used, modified, and then reassigned back to the same variable. For example, the following statement increases the variable count by 1: count = count + 1 Python allows you to combine assignment and addition operators using an augmented assignment operator. For instance, the preceding statement can be written as: count += 1 4
5 All augmented assignment operators are shown in the table below. Operator Name Example Equivalent += Addition assignment i += 8 i = i + 8 -= Subtraction assignment i -= 8 i = i - 8 *= Multiplication assignment i *= 8 i = i * 8 /= Division assignment i /= 8 i = i / 8 %= Remainder assignment i %= 8 i = i % 8 **= Exponent assignment i **= 8 i = i ** 8 Type Conversions and Rounding The datatypes we studied so far are integer, float and string. We can convert between those data types using the suitable method. For example, for converting to string we use the method str. x = 5 y = str(x) print("x",type(x)) print("y",type(y)) ('x', <type 'int'>) ('y', <type 'str'>) We also can convert to int from string, if the content of the string is an integer number. i = "10" j = int(i) print("i",type(i)) print("j",type(j)) ('i', <type 'str'>) ('j', <type 'int'>) 5
6 When converting from a float number to an integer number the fraction part is truncated. x = 10.5 y = int(x) print(y) 10 You can also use the round function to round a number to the nearest whole value. x = 10.6 y = round(x) print(y) 11.0 Lab Work Ex1: Write a Python Program that split up a given number of days to years, months, weeks, and days. For Example: If the user enters 410 days, the program prints 1 year, 1 month, 2 weeks, 1 day Solution: days = input("enter the number of days: ") years = days / 365 days = days % 365 months = days / 30 days = days % 30 weeks = days / 7 days = days % 7 print(str(years) + " years, " + str(months) + " months, " + str(weeks) + " weeks, " + str(days) + " days.") Ex2: Write a Python program that reads two points (ex, p1(5,5) and p2(3.5, -1.5)), then computes the distance between these two points. The formula for computing distance between two points is as follows (x2 x1) 2 + (y2 y1) 2 6
7 Solution: x1, y1 = input("enter point1: ") x2, y2 = input("enter point2: ") distance = ((x2 - x1) ** 2 + (y2 - y1) ** 2) ** 0.5 print("the distance between the two points is " + str(distance)) Homework 1. Assume that a = 1, and that each expression is independent. What are the results of the following expressions? a += 4 a -= 4 a *= 4 a /= 4 a /= 4.0 a %= 4 a = 56 * a What does a conversion from a float to an integer do with the fractional part of the float value? Does the int(value) function change the variable value? 3. Write a program that prompts the user to enter a four-digit integer and displays the number in reverse order. Enter an integer: Write a program that prompts the user to enter the side of a hexagon and displays its area. The formula for computing the area of a hexagon is A = s2 where s is the length of a side. 7
8 Enter the side: 7.5 The area of the hexagon is Good Luck 8
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