Programming in C++ The manager of a company. Lecture Notes 6. Functions (Procedures) 4/24/2018. he he he. Does Does Does

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1 The manager of a company Programming in C++ Lecture Notes 6 Functions (Procedures) Does Does Does he he he pay the bills? answer the phone? clean the office? 2 1

2 Division of Labor Our programs until now CLEAN THE OFFICE PAY THE BILLS ANSWER THE PHONE Display messages Read values for the variables Calculate expressions Display results 3 4 2

3 It would be good Functions (Subprograms) A part to read input values, another to calculate results, and another to display the results Self-contained routines that are identified by a name and have the same structure as main(). They are executed when they are called (calling their names). main() is also a function but a special one

4 Building my house I will call: the architect the builder the ironmonger the builder the plumber the electrician the builder the painter the carpenter the designer 7 Procedures (void Functions) Functions return a value (see later). If a function is declared a void it does not return a value, and is called a procedure. void is a special data-type. void main() int main() return 0; 8 4

5 Reasons for using Sub-programs Decrease the size of the program Program becomes more readable Decrease of errors Include libraries Declaration section and function definition Top-Down Design #include <iostream> // Global declaration section void One() float Two(float x) return??; 9 Main program void main() 10 5

6 Procedure structure void <function name>(<formal parameters>) Example: #include <iostream.h> void Builder() cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << endl; << endl; void Gardener() cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << << endl; cout << endl; void main() Executed when Executed Builder(); we call them Builder(); we call Gardener(); Gardener(); 12 6

7 Prototypes #include <iostream> // Global declaration section void one(); float two(float x); float Prototypes two(float x); void main() void one() float two(float x) return??; 13 Exercise 1 Write the following procedures: Line to display 5 stars in one line, i.e. Ex to display an X of stars, i.e. Write the main program to display the following shape: 14 7

8 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Write a procedure called Display that will prompt the user to enter two integer numbers n and m, and will display all the numbers from n until m. i.e. If n = 4, m = 9 Also, write the main program procedure Display. it will display: to call the Draw the flowchart of the above program. Write a procedure called Sum that will prompt the user to enter two integer numbers n and m, and will display the sum of all the numbers from n until m. i.e. If n = 2, m = 6 it will display: 20 since =

9 Parameters (Arguments) Formal parameters Actual parameters Programming in C++ Lecture Notes 7 Value Parameters #include <iostream> Actual parameters Formal parameters void Show (int a, int b, float c) cout << a << << b << << c; void main() Show (5, 2, 6);

10 Example Example Name Formal parameter Functions are executed when we call them: void pets(int cats) cout << I have << cats << kittens\n ; pets(6); pets(4+23); I have 6 kittens I have 10 kittens #include <iostream.h> void Add (int x, int y) int sum = x + y; cout << x << + << y << = << sum); void main() Add(5, 2); Add(32, 16-2); Memory Add xx y sumsum Output = =

11 Flowchart Main Program Exercise 1 #include <iostream.h> void Add (int x, int y) int sum = x + y; cout << x << + << y << = << sum; void main() int n, m; cout << Enter two numbers: ; cin >> n >> m; Add(n, m); Start Read n,m Add(n,m) Finish Add(x,y) Entrance sum = x + y Display sum Exit Write a program to ask for the price of a product and display the discount. The discount which is 15% will be calculated and displayed in the procedure Discount, that will take the price as a value formal parameter. Draw the flowchart of the above program

12 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Write a program that will ask the user to enter the base and height of a right-angle triangle and will display its area. The area will be calculated and displayed in the procedure Area, that will take the base and height as value formal parameters. Write a procedure called Times that will take an integer number n and a character and it will display the character n times, i.e. Times(5,? ) Times(8, Α ) will display: will display:????? ΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑ Area = (base x height) / 2 23 Also, write the program that will prompt for the number and the character and will call the procedure Times

13 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Write a procedure called Display that will take two integer numbers n and m, and will display all the numbers from n until m. i.e. Display(4,9) will display: Also, write the program that will ask the user to enter the two numbers and call the procedure Display. Draw the flowchart of the above program. Write a procedure called Even that will take two integer numbers n and m, and will display all the even numbers from n until m. i.e. Even(4,13) will display: Also, write the program that will ask the user to enter the two numbers and call the procedure Even

14 Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Write a procedure called Line that will take a character ch and an integer number n and will display ch in line n, i.e. Line(?,5) line 1 line 2 3 line 4 line 5 line 6 line 7 line? will display: 27 Write a procedure called Position that will take a character ch and two integer numbers n and m and will display ch in row n, and column m, i.e. Position( A,4,7) will display: A

15 Exercise 8 Write a procedure called Sum that will two integer numbers n and m, and will display the sum of all the numbers from until m. i.e. take n Sum(2,6) will display: 20 since =

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