Dynamic Memory Allocation and Command-line Arguments
|
|
- George O’Brien’
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Dynamic Memory Allocation and Command-line Arguments CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming Furkan Alaca & Paul Vrbik University of Toronto Mississauga Week 3 1 / 39
2 Let s quickly review some definitions. Definition (Byte) One byte is eight bits. 1 byte =. Type char int long int long long int sizeof bytes* 1 (8-bit) 4 (32-bit) 8 (64-bit) 8 (64-bit) *Using GNU C compiler (gcc) on a 64-bit system, with std=gnu11 (default). These values can be found in the GNU C Reference Manual: 2 / 39
3 Notation On most of your systems, pointers will be 64-bits in size (8 bytes) For simplicity, we ll draw diagrams with 16-bit addresses (2 bytes). Imagine the leading bits are zeros. Each hex digit represents 4 binary digits In memory diagrams, pay attention to whether each cell represents a single byte or multiple (e.g., 4) bytes Tutorial on binary, decimal, and hexadecimal notation: 3 / 39
4 When we initialize a variable, hardware memory is electrically modified 1 int x; 2 x = 23; int x 0xF000 0xF001 0xF002 0xF003 we denote this by writing int x 0xF / 39
5 Notation 0xF120 (char [4]) y 0xF124 "ABCD" 0xF128 0xF12C (char*) x 0xF130 &y 0xF134 Means: 0xF120 0xF124 "ABCD" 0xF128 0xF12C 0xF130 0xF124 0xF134 5 / 39
6 Exercise 0xF120 (char [4]) y 0xF124 "ABCD" 0xF128 0xF12C (char*) x 0xF130 &y (char**) z 0xF134???? Means: 0xF120 0xF124 "ABCD" 0xF128 0xF12C 0xF130 0xF124 0xF134???? 6 / 39
7 Casting Pointers Question What does this do? 1 # include <stdio.h> 2 int main () { 3 int x = 0 x ; 4 char *y = ( char *)&x; 5 printf ("%s", y); 6 return 0; 7 } What about the opposite: Casting a char * to an int * 7 / 39
8 Worksheet: Pointers Question (2) Fix this program by changing the function to use a pointer. 1 # include <stdio.h> 2 void lie ( int age ) { 3 printf (" You are %d years old \n", age ); 4 age += 1; 5 printf (" You are %d years old \n", age ); 6 } 7 8 int main () { 9 int age = 18; 10 lie ( age ); 11 printf (" But your age is still %d\n", age ); 12 return 0; 13 } 8 / 39
9 Question (3) Write a function zipmul that returns the product of the integers comprising the array that is passed to it. Call that function from main with an array of your choosing. Compile, run, and test your program. Note: This is implied from now on. Always test your code by calling it from main with appropriate inputs. 9 / 39
10 Question (4) Write a function mapdouble (modify the previous function) that also doubles each element of an integer array that is passed to it. 10 / 39
11 Question (5) Suppose we add an integer argument to the last function mapdouble(int* xs, int y) and perform the operation y = 2*y; in the function. Question (6) For the above function: (a) Do the array elements change value inside the function? (b) Does the integer y change value inside the function? (c) Does changing y s value also change the value of the integer that was passed as an argument by the calling function (main)? (d) Do the array element values remain changed after the function returns? 11 / 39
12 Question (7) Sketch a view of memory immediately before and after a function call that takes as parameters (a) an array of integers, and (b) a single integer. 12 / 39
13 Dynamic Memory Allocation Key points. 1. Local variables are allocated on the stack, in the function s stack frame. The stack is FILO: Easy access to most recently called functions. Stack frame is de-allocated after function returns. 2. Dynamically allocated variables are put on the heap. Remains allocated even after the allocating function returns 3. Global variables live in the program data segment String literals live in the read-only portion 13 / 39
14 Worksheet: Pointers Question (1.5) Back to the last part of Question char * result [2]; 2 x = result [0]; 3 // some hidden code 4 result [0] = " read only "; 5 y = x [0]; 14 / 39
15 Worksheet: malloc and strings Question (1) For the following pieces of code determine: 1. How much space is allocated expressed as a function of sizeof(). 2. Where the space is allocated (i.e. stack, heap, global,... ). 3. When the space is deallocated. 15 / 39
16 Example (1.1) The following program 1 int main (){ 2 int i; 3 } allocates sizeof(int) space on the stack frame for main which gets de-allocated when the program terminates. 16 / 39
17 Question (1.2) 1 int fun (){ 2 float i; 3 } 4 int main () { 5 fun (); 6 } 17 / 39
18 Question (1.3) 1 int fun ( char i){ 2 } 3 4 int main () { 5 fun ('a'); 6 } 18 / 39
19 Question (1.4) 1 int main () { 2 char i [10] = " hello "; 3 } 19 / 39
20 Question (1.5) 1 int main () { 2 char *i; 3 } 20 / 39
21 Question (1.6) 1 int main () { 2 int *i; 3 } 21 / 39
22 Question (1.7) 1 int main () { 2 char *i = " hello "; 3 } 22 / 39
23 Question (1.8) 1 int fun ( int *i) { 2 } 3 4 int main () { 5 int i [5] = {4, 5, 2, 5, 1}; 6 fun (i); 7 } 23 / 39
24 Question (1.9) 1 int main () { 2 int *i; 3 i = malloc ( sizeof ( int )); 4 } 24 / 39
25 Question (1.10) 1 void fun ( int **i) { 2 *i = malloc ( sizeof ( int ) *7) ; 3 } 4 5 int main () { 6 int *i; 7 fun (&i); 8 free (i); 9 } 25 / 39
26 Question (2) Write a program that declares 3 strings: first as "Monday" on the stack frame for main. second as the string literal "Tuesday". third as "Wednesday" on the heap. Save pointers for second and third in stack frame for main. 26 / 39
27 Question (3) Write statements to shorten the strings to their abbreviations (e.g. "Monday" to "Mon"). Which string cannot be changed in place? Why not? Question (4) Draw the memory model for your program. 27 / 39
28 Question (5) Add to your program so that it declares an array string_list of 3 pointers to first, second, and third. You now have an array of strings. Where is the memory allocated for this array? 28 / 39
29 Notice much of the allocation has happened in the function main. Question (6) What would happen if you changed main to be another function func and then returned from it? Which parts of your structure would remain allocated? Write a new function build month list that allocates, initializes and returns an array of 3 strings with the values "January", "February", and "March". All the strings should be mutable. 29 / 39
30 Command Line Arguments./mycalc add Key points. 1. A program can receive input in many ways: command-line arguments are one of them. 2. Can use strtol function to parse strings containing integers 30 / 39
31 Worksheet: Command-line Arguments Question (1a) Suppose you have a program named prog.c, what is the instruction you would type on the command line, to compile this program and create an executable named prog? 31 / 39
32 Question (1b) You now have an executable named prog. Assuming it is in your current working directory, give the command to run that executable with the command-line arguments -k 3 myfile. 32 / 39
33 Question (1c) Assume that the executable is in your parent directory. Give the command to run the executable without any command-line arguments. 33 / 39
34 Question (1d) Assume the executable is your current working directory. Give the command to run the executable where the resulting output is redirected to a file named test1.out. 34 / 39
35 Question (1e) When you run the program, it interacts with the user expecting the user to type input. Give the command to run the program and redirect the input so that the executable instead reads from the file somefile.txt. 35 / 39
36 Question (1f) Run the executable prog with the command-line arguments -k 3 myfile, reading input from standard input redirected from somefile.txt and redirecting the output to test1.out. 36 / 39
37 Question (2) Add to the following code so that it prints the first two command line arguments. 1 # include <stdio.h> 2 int main ( int argc, char ** argv ) { 3 printf ("We have %d command - line arguments.\n", 4 argc - 1); 5 6 return 0; 7 } Question (3) Compile your program into an executable named args_practice. 37 / 39
38 Question (4) Run your program with two command-line arguments: 1. your name, 2. your enthusiasm (between 0 and 5) for hockey. Run it with no command-line arguments or only one. What happens? 38 / 39
39 Question (5) Change your program so that it takes your enthusiasm number (the second argument) and prints GO LEAFS GO GO SENS GO that many times. Did you get an error when you ran the program? (Remember that an individual command-line argument is a string (an array of char), so you need to use strtol to convert this argument into an integer.) 39 / 39
Arrays and Pointers. CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming (Winter 2019) Furkan Alaca & Paul Vrbik. University of Toronto Mississauga
Arrays and Pointers CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming (Winter 2019) Furkan Alaca & Paul Vrbik University of Toronto Mississauga https://mcs.utm.utoronto.ca/~209/ Week 2 Alaca & Vrbik (UTM)
More informationC-Programming. CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming. Paul Vrbik. University of Toronto Mississauga
C-Programming CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming Paul Vrbik University of Toronto Mississauga https://mcs.utm.utoronto.ca/~209/ Adapted from Dan Zingaro s 2015 slides. Week 2.0 1 / 19 What
More informationUnderstanding Pointers
Division of Mathematics and Computer Science Maryville College Pointers and Addresses Memory is organized into a big array. Every data item occupies one or more cells. A pointer stores an address. A pointer
More informationCOMP 2001/2401 Test #1 [out of 80 marks]
COMP 2001/2401 Test #1 [out of 80 marks] Duration: 90 minutes Authorized Memoranda: NONE Note: for all questions, you must show your work! Name: Student#: 1. What exact shell command would you use to:
More informationWarmup January 9th, What is the value of the following C expression? 8*9 % 10/ 2
Warmup January 9th, 2018 What is the value of the following C expression? 8*9 % 10/ 2 Warmup January 11th, 2018 What is the value of the following C expression? ( -42 3!= 3) && ( -3 < -2 < -1) Warmup January
More informationOutline. Lecture 1 C primer What we will cover. If-statements and blocks in Python and C. Operators in Python and C
Lecture 1 C primer What we will cover A crash course in the basics of C You should read the K&R C book for lots more details Various details will be exemplified later in the course Outline Overview comparison
More informationLab Exam 1 D [1 mark] Give an example of a sample input which would make the function
CMPT 127 Spring 2019 Grade: / 20 First name: Last name: Student Number: Lab Exam 1 D400 1. [1 mark] Give an example of a sample input which would make the function scanf( "%f", &f ) return -1? Answer:
More informationLab Exam 1 D [1 mark] Give an example of a sample input which would make the function
Grade: / 20 Lab Exam 1 D500 1. [1 mark] Give an example of a sample input which would make the function scanf( "%f", &f ) return 0? Answer: Anything that is not a floating point number such as 4.567 or
More informationDeclaring Pointers. Declaration of pointers <type> *variable <type> *variable = initial-value Examples:
1 Programming in C Pointer Variable A variable that stores a memory address Allows C programs to simulate call-by-reference Allows a programmer to create and manipulate dynamic data structures Must be
More informationAt this time we have all the pieces necessary to allocate memory for an array dynamically. Following our example, we allocate N integers as follows:
Pointers and Arrays Part II We will continue with our discussion on the relationship between pointers and arrays, and in particular, discuss how arrays with dynamical length can be created at run-time
More informationCOMP s1 Lecture 1
COMP1511 18s1 Lecture 1 1 Numbers In, Numbers Out Andrew Bennett more printf variables scanf 2 Before we begin introduce yourself to the person sitting next to you why did
More informationAnnouncements. assign0 due tonight. Labs start this week. No late submissions. Very helpful for assign1
Announcements assign due tonight No late submissions Labs start this week Very helpful for assign1 Goals for Today Pointer operators Allocating memory in the heap malloc and free Arrays and pointer arithmetic
More informationDynamic memory allocation
Dynamic memory allocation outline Memory allocation functions Array allocation Matrix allocation Examples Memory allocation functions (#include ) malloc() Allocates a specified number of bytes
More informationDynamic Data Structures. CSCI 112: Programming in C
Dynamic Data Structures CSCI 112: Programming in C 1 It s all about flexibility In the programs we ve made so far, the compiler knows at compile time exactly how much memory to allocate for each variable
More informationDesign and development of embedded systems for the Internet of Things (IoT) Fabio Angeletti Fabrizio Gattuso
Design and development of embedded systems for the Internet of Things (IoT) Fabio Angeletti Fabrizio Gattuso Why C? Test on 21 Android Devices with 32-bits and 64-bits processors and different versions
More informationECE 250 / CS 250 Computer Architecture. C to Binary: Memory & Data Representations. Benjamin Lee
ECE 250 / CS 250 Computer Architecture C to Binary: Memory & Data Representations Benjamin Lee Slides based on those from Alvin Lebeck, Daniel Sorin, Andrew Hilton, Amir Roth, Gershon Kedem Administrivia
More informationCS 5513 Entry Quiz. Systems Programming (CS2213/CS3423))
Name (please print): CS 5513 Entry Quiz Systems Programming (CS2213/CS3423)) 1. What is a compiler? In addition to the definition, give examples of compilers you have used. A compiler is a program that
More informationCS349/SE382 A1 C Programming Tutorial
CS349/SE382 A1 C Programming Tutorial Erin Lester January 2005 Outline Comments Variable Declarations Objects Dynamic Memory Boolean Type structs, enums and unions Other Differences The Event Loop Comments
More informationFile Descriptors and Piping
File Descriptors and Piping CSC209: Software Tools and Systems Programming Furkan Alaca & Paul Vrbik University of Toronto Mississauga https://mcs.utm.utoronto.ca/~209/ Week 8 Today s topics File Descriptors
More informationProblem 2 Add the two 2 s complement signed 8-bit values given below, and express your answer in decimal.
Problem 1 Recall the definition of root in project 1. (The declaration of struct entrynode appears below.) struct entrynode * root; Give the type of each of the following expressions. The answer may be
More informationIntroduction to C. Robert Escriva. Cornell CS 4411, August 30, Geared toward programmers
Introduction to C Geared toward programmers Robert Escriva Slide heritage: Alin Dobra Niranjan Nagarajan Owen Arden Cornell CS 4411, August 30, 2010 1 Why C? 2 A Quick Example 3 Programmer s Responsibilities
More informationCSCI-243 Exam 1 Review February 22, 2015 Presented by the RIT Computer Science Community
CSCI-243 Exam 1 Review February 22, 2015 Presented by the RIT Computer Science Community http://csc.cs.rit.edu History and Evolution of Programming Languages 1. Explain the relationship between machine
More informationCSC231 C Tutorial Fall 2018 Introduction to C
mith College CSC231 C Tutorial Fall 2018 Introduction to C Dominique Thiébaut dthiebaut@smith.edu Learning C in 4 Installments! Dennis Ritchie 1969 to 1973 AT&T Bell Labs Close to Assembly Unix Standard
More informationMemory. What is memory? How is memory organized? Storage for variables, data, code etc. Text (Code) Data (Constants) BSS (Global and static variables)
Memory Allocation Memory What is memory? Storage for variables, data, code etc. How is memory organized? Text (Code) Data (Constants) BSS (Global and static variables) Text Data BSS Heap Stack (Local variables)
More informationCSC 1600 Memory Layout for Unix Processes"
CSC 16 Memory Layout for Unix Processes" 1 Lecture Goals" Behind the scenes of running a program" Code, executable, and process" Memory layout for UNIX processes, and relationship to C" : code and constant
More informationmith College Computer Science CSC270 Spring 2016 Circuits and Systems Lecture Notes, Week 11 Dominique Thiébaut
mith College Computer Science CSC270 Spring 2016 Circuits and Systems Lecture Notes, Week 11 Dominique Thiébaut dthiebaut@smithedu Outline A Few Words about HW 8 Finish the Input Port Lab! Revisiting Homework
More informationIntroduction to C An overview of the programming language C, syntax, data types and input/output
Introduction to C An overview of the programming language C, syntax, data types and input/output Teil I. a first C program TU Bergakademie Freiberg INMO M. Brändel 2018-10-23 1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE C is
More informationIntroduction to C. Zhiyuan Teo. Cornell CS 4411, August 26, Geared toward programmers
Introduction to C Geared toward programmers Zhiyuan Teo Slide heritage: Alin Dobra Niranjan Nagarajan Owen Arden Robert Escriva Cornell CS 4411, August 26, 2011 1 Administrative Information 2 Why C? 3
More informationLecture 5: Multidimensional Arrays. Wednesday, 11 February 2009
Lecture 5: Multidimensional Arrays CS209 : Algorithms and Scientific Computing Wednesday, 11 February 2009 CS209 Lecture 5: Multidimensional Arrays 1/20 In today lecture... 1 Let s recall... 2 Multidimensional
More informationLecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types
Lecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types Computer Languages A computer language is a language that is used to communicate with a machine. Like all languages, computer languages have syntax (form) and semantics
More informationFrom Java to C. Thanks to Randal E. Bryant and David R. O'Hallaron (Carnegie-Mellon University) for providing the basis for these slides
From Java to C Thanks to Randal E. Bryant and David R. O'Hallaron (Carnegie-Mellon University) for providing the basis for these slides 1 Outline Overview comparison of C and Java Good evening Preprocessor
More informationReview: C Strings. A string in C is just an array of characters. Lecture #4 C Strings, Arrays, & Malloc
CS61C L4 C Pointers (1) inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c CS61C : Machine Structures Lecture #4 C Strings, Arrays, & Malloc Albert Chae Instructor 2008-06-26 Review: C Strings A string in C is just an array
More informationCS C Primer. Tyler Szepesi. January 16, 2013
January 16, 2013 Topics 1 Why C? 2 Data Types 3 Memory 4 Files 5 Endianness 6 Resources Why C? C is exteremely flexible and gives control to the programmer Allows users to break rigid rules, which are
More informationVariables Data types Variable I/O. C introduction. Variables. Variables 1 / 14
C introduction Variables Variables 1 / 14 Contents Variables Data types Variable I/O Variables 2 / 14 Usage Declaration: t y p e i d e n t i f i e r ; Assignment: i d e n t i f i e r = v a l u e ; Definition
More informationQ1: /20 Q2: /30 Q3: /24 Q4: /26. Total: /100
ECE 2035(B) Programming for Hardware/Software Systems Fall 2013 Exam Two October 22 nd 2013 Name: Q1: /20 Q2: /30 Q3: /24 Q4: /26 Total: /100 1/6 For functional call related questions, let s assume the
More informationData Representation and Storage. Some definitions (in C)
Data Representation and Storage Learning Objectives Define the following terms (with respect to C): Object Declaration Definition Alias Fundamental type Derived type Use pointer arithmetic correctly Explain
More informationCIS 2107 Computer Systems and Low-Level Programming Fall 2011 Midterm
Fall 2011 Name: Page Points Score 1 5 2 10 3 10 4 7 5 8 6 15 7 4 8 7 9 16 10 18 Total: 100 Instructions The exam is closed book, closed notes. You may not use a calculator, cell phone, etc. For each of
More informationDECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS
DECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS Passing arguments Call by Address Introduction to Pointers Within the computer s memory, every stored data item occupies one or more contiguous memory cells (i.e.,
More informationCS 261 Fall C Introduction. Variables, Memory Model, Pointers, and Debugging. Mike Lam, Professor
CS 261 Fall 2017 Mike Lam, Professor C Introduction Variables, Memory Model, Pointers, and Debugging The C Language Systems language originally developed for Unix Imperative, compiled language with static
More informationContents. A Review of C language. Visual C Visual C++ 6.0
A Review of C language C++ Object Oriented Programming Pei-yih Ting NTOU CS Modified from www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~csc2520/tuto/csc2520_tuto01.ppt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Double click 11 12 Compile a single source
More informationBIL 104E Introduction to Scientific and Engineering Computing. Lecture 14
BIL 104E Introduction to Scientific and Engineering Computing Lecture 14 Because each C program starts at its main() function, information is usually passed to the main() function via command-line arguments.
More informationKurt Schmidt. October 30, 2018
to Structs Dept. of Computer Science, Drexel University October 30, 2018 Array Objectives to Structs Intended audience: Student who has working knowledge of Python To gain some experience with a statically-typed
More informationunsigned char memory[] STACK ¼ 0x xC of address space globals function KERNEL code local variables
Graded assignment 0 will be handed out in section Assignment 1 Not that bad Check your work (run it through the compiler) Factorial Program Prints out ENTERING, LEAVING, and other pointers unsigned char
More informationPRINCIPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS Tutorial-1&2: C Review CPSC 457, Spring 2015 May 20-21, 2015 Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary Connecting to your VM Open a terminal (in your linux machine)
More informationArrays and Pointers (part 2) Be extra careful with pointers!
Arrays and Pointers (part 2) EECS 2031 22 October 2017 1 Be extra careful with pointers! Common errors: l Overruns and underruns Occurs when you reference a memory beyond what you allocated. l Uninitialized
More information211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016
211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016 Liu Liu Topic: C Programming Data Representation I/O: - (example) cprintf.c Memory: - memory address - stack / heap / constant space - basic data layout Pointer:
More informationC BOOTCAMP DAY 2. CS3600, Northeastern University. Alan Mislove. Slides adapted from Anandha Gopalan s CS132 course at Univ.
C BOOTCAMP DAY 2 CS3600, Northeastern University Slides adapted from Anandha Gopalan s CS132 course at Univ. of Pittsburgh Pointers 2 Pointers Pointers are an address in memory Includes variable addresses,
More informationArrays and Pointers (part 2) Be extra careful with pointers!
Arrays and Pointers (part 2) CSE 2031 Fall 2011 23 October 2011 1 Be extra careful with pointers! Common errors: Overruns and underruns Occurs when you reference a memory beyond what you allocated. Uninitialized
More informationmith College Computer Science CSC352 Week #7 Spring 2017 Introduction to C Dominique Thiébaut
mith College CSC352 Week #7 Spring 2017 Introduction to C Dominique Thiébaut dthiebaut@smith.edu Learning C in 2 Hours D. Thiebaut Dennis Ritchie 1969 to 1973 AT&T Bell Labs Close to Assembly Unix Standard
More informationBasic C Program: Print to stdout. Basic C Program. Basic C Program: Print to stdout. Header Files. Read argument and print. Read argument and print
CSC 4304 - Systems Programming Fall 2010 Lecture - II Basics of C Programming Summary of Last Class Basics of UNIX: logging in, changing password text editing with vi, emacs and pico file and directory
More informationBristol Institute of Technology
Bristol Institute of Technology Academic Year: 09/10 Module Leader: Module Code: Title of Module: Ian Johnson UFCETS-20-1 Programming in C Examination Date: Monday 12 th January 2009 Examination Start
More informationProgramming and Data Structure Solved. MCQs- Part 2
Programming and Data Structure Solved MCQs- Part 2 Programming and Data Structure Solved MCQs- Part 2 Unsigned integers occupies Two bytes Four bytes One byte Eight byte A weather forecasting computation
More informationUnited States Naval Academy Electrical and Computer Engineering Department EC310-6 Week Midterm Spring AY2017
United States Naval Academy Electrical and Computer Engineering Department EC310-6 Week Midterm Spring AY2017 1. Do a page check: you should have 8 pages including this cover sheet. 2. You have 50 minutes
More informationFirst of all, it is a variable, just like other variables you studied
Pointers: Basics What is a pointer? First of all, it is a variable, just like other variables you studied So it has type, storage etc. Difference: it can only store the address (rather than the value)
More informationLab 3. Pointers Programming Lab (Using C) XU Silei
Lab 3. Pointers Programming Lab (Using C) XU Silei slxu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk Outline What is Pointer Memory Address & Pointers How to use Pointers Pointers Assignments Call-by-Value & Call-by-Address Functions
More informationAPT Session 4: C. Software Development Team Laurence Tratt. 1 / 14
APT Session 4: C Laurence Tratt Software Development Team 2017-11-10 1 / 14 http://soft-dev.org/ What to expect from this session 1 C. 2 / 14 http://soft-dev.org/ Prerequisites 1 Install either GCC or
More informationC: Pointers. C: Pointers. Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University. September 11, /21
Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University September 11, 2017 1/21 Pointers A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. Pointers are similar to
More information(13-2) Dynamic Data Structures I H&K Chapter 13. Instructor - Andrew S. O Fallon CptS 121 (November 17, 2017) Washington State University
(13-2) Dynamic Data Structures I H&K Chapter 13 Instructor - Andrew S. O Fallon CptS 121 (November 17, 2017) Washington State University Dynamic Data Structures (1) Structures that expand and contract
More informationESC101N: Fundamentals of Computing End-sem st semester
ESC101N: Fundamentals of Computing End-sem 2010-11 1st semester Instructor: Arnab Bhattacharya 8:00-11:00am, 15th November, 2010 Instructions 1. Please write your name, roll number and section below. 2.
More informationChapter 2 (Dynamic variable (i.e. pointer), Static variable)
Chapter 2 (Dynamic variable (i.e. pointer), Static variable) August_04 A2. Identify and explain the error in the program below. [4] #include int *pptr; void fun1() { int num; num=25; pptr= #
More informationIntermediate Programming, Spring 2017*
600.120 Intermediate Programming, Spring 2017* Misha Kazhdan *Much of the code in these examples is not commented because it would otherwise not fit on the slides. This is bad coding practice in general
More informationPhysics 2660: Fundamentals of Scientific Computing. Lecture 3 Instructor: Prof. Chris Neu
Physics 2660: Fundamentals of Scientific Computing Lecture 3 Instructor: Prof. Chris Neu (chris.neu@virginia.edu) Announcements Weekly readings will be assigned and available through the class wiki home
More informationA Fast Review of C Essentials Part I
A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I Structural Programming by Z. Cihan TAYSI Outline Program development C Essentials Functions Variables & constants Names Formatting Comments Preprocessor Data types
More informationC Introduction. Comparison w/ Java, Memory Model, and Pointers
CS 261 Fall 2018 Mike Lam, Professor C Introduction Comparison w/ Java, Memory Model, and Pointers Please go to socrative.com on your phone or laptop, choose student login and join room LAMJMU The C Language
More informationMIDTERM TEST EESC 2031 Software Tools June 13, Last Name: First Name: Student ID: EECS user name: TIME LIMIT: 110 minutes
MIDTERM TEST EESC 2031 Software Tools June 13, 2017 Last Name: First Name: Student ID: EECS user name: TIME LIMIT: 110 minutes This is a closed-book test. No books and notes are allowed. Extra space for
More informationC Programming & Memory
Signals, Instruments, and Systems W3 C Programming & Memory Management in C Outline Week 2: main concepts of C introduced Today: consolidation and refinement of your understanding of C Further details
More informationExercise: Inventing Language
Memory Computers get their powerful flexibility from the ability to store and retrieve data Data is stored in main memory, also known as Random Access Memory (RAM) Exercise: Inventing Language Get a separate
More informationEL2310 Scientific Programming
(yaseminb@kth.se) Overview Overview Roots of C Getting started with C Closer look at Hello World Programming Environment Discussion Basic Datatypes and printf Schedule Introduction to C - main part of
More informationCpSc 1010, Fall 2014 Lab 10: Command-Line Parameters (Week of 10/27/2014)
CpSc 1010, Fall 2014 Lab 10: Command-Line Parameters (Week of 10/27/2014) Goals Demonstrate proficiency in the use of the switch construct and in processing parameter data passed to a program via the command
More informationCIS 2107 Computer Systems and Low-Level Programming Fall 2011 Midterm Solutions
Fall 2011 Name: Page Points Score 1 7 2 10 3 8 4 13 6 17 7 4 8 16 9 15 10 10 Total: 100 Instructions The exam is closed book, closed notes. You may not use a calculator, cell phone, etc. For each of the
More informationSummary of Last Class. Processes. C vs. Java. C vs. Java (cont.) C vs. Java (cont.) Tevfik Ko!ar. CSC Systems Programming Fall 2008
CSC 4304 - Systems Programming Fall 2008 Lecture - II Basics of C Programming Summary of Last Class Basics of UNIX: logging in, changing password text editing with vi, emacs and pico file and director
More informationPointers and File Handling
1 Pointers and File Handling From variables to their addresses Pallab Dasgupta Professor, Dept. of Computer Sc & Engg INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR 2 Basics of Pointers INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
More informationQuiz 0 Answer Key. Answers other than the below may be possible. Multiple Choice. 0. a 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. d. True or False.
Quiz 0 Answer Key Answers other than the below may be possible. Multiple Choice. 0. a 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. d True or False. 6. T or F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. T or F Itching for Week 0? 11. 00011001 + 00011001
More informationFundamentals of Programming
Fundamentals of Programming Pointers Giuseppe Lipari http://retis.sssup.it/~lipari Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa February 29, 2012 G. Lipari (Scuola Superiore Sant Anna) Pointers February 29, 2012 1
More informationCSE 333 Lecture 2 Memory
CSE 333 Lecture 2 Memory John Zahorjan Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Today s goals - some terminology - review of memory resources - reserving memory - type checking
More informationDynamic memory allocation (malloc)
1 Plan for today Quick review of previous lecture Array of pointers Command line arguments Dynamic memory allocation (malloc) Structures (Ch 6) Input and Output (Ch 7) 1 Pointers K&R Ch 5 Basics: Declaration
More informationECE264 Fall 2013 Exam 3, November 20, 2013
ECE264 Fall 2013 Exam 3, November 20, 2013 In signing this statement, I hereby certify that the work on this exam is my own and that I have not copied the work of any other student while completing it.
More informationMemory Management I. two kinds of memory: stack and heap
Memory Management I two kinds of memory: stack and heap stack memory: essentially all non-pointer (why not pointers? there s a caveat) variables and pre-declared arrays of fixed (i.e. fixed before compilation)
More informationSU 2017 May 11/16 LAB 2: Character and integer literals, number systems, character arrays manipulation, relational operator
SU 2017 May 11/16 LAB 2: Character and integer literals, number systems, character arrays manipulation, relational operator 0 Problem 0 number bases Visit the website www.cleavebooks.co.uk/scol/calnumba.htm
More informationMidterm Exam Review Slides
Midterm Exam Review Slides Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified slides by Chris Wilcox, Colorado State University Review Topics Number Representation Base Conversion
More informationIntroduction to C. Sean Ogden. Cornell CS 4411, August 30, Geared toward programmers
Introduction to C Geared toward programmers Sean Ogden Slide heritage: Alin Dobra Niranjan Nagarajan Owen Arden Robert Escriva Zhiyuan Teo Ayush Dubey Cornell CS 4411, August 30, 2013 Administrative Information
More informationProgramming refresher and intro to C programming
Applied mechatronics Programming refresher and intro to C programming Sven Gestegård Robertz sven.robertz@cs.lth.se Department of Computer Science, Lund University 2018 Outline 1 C programming intro 2
More informationIntroduction to Programming Block Tutorial C/C++
Michael Bader Lehrstuhl Informatik V bader@in.tum.de March, 4th March, 8th, 2002 Abstract This is where an abstract might go if you want one. There is usually not a lot of room for much here. C/C++ Tutorial
More informationThe output: The address of i is 0xbf85416c. The address of main is 0x80483e4. arrays.c. 1 #include <stdio.h> 3 int main(int argc, char **argv) 4 {
Memory A bit is a binary digit, either 0 or 1. A byte is eight bits, and can thus represent 256 unique values, such as 00000000 and 10010110. Computer scientists often think in terms of hexadecimal, rather
More informationPointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types
Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types Review on Pointers Reference Variables Dynamic Memory Allocation The new operator The delete operator Dynamic Memory Allocation for Arrays 1 C++ Data Types simple
More informationIntroduction to C. Ayush Dubey. Cornell CS 4411, August 31, Geared toward programmers
Introduction to C Geared toward programmers Ayush Dubey Slide heritage: Alin Dobra Niranjan Nagarajan Owen Arden Robert Escriva Zhiyuan Teo Cornell CS 4411, August 31, 2012 Administrative Information Outline
More informationCpt S 122 Data Structures. Data Structures
Cpt S 122 Data Structures Data Structures Nirmalya Roy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Topics Introduction Self Referential Structures Dynamic Memory Allocation
More informationBSM540 Basics of C Language
BSM540 Basics of C Language Chapter 4: Character strings & formatted I/O Prof. Manar Mohaisen Department of EEC Engineering Review of the Precedent Lecture To explain the input/output functions printf()
More informationA Crash Course in C. Steven Reeves
A Crash Course in C Steven Reeves This class will rely heavily on C and C++. As a result this section will help students who are not familiar with C or who need a refresher. By the end of this section
More informationRicardo Rocha. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences University of Porto
Ricardo Rocha Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Adapted from the slides Revisões sobre Programação em C, Sérgio Crisóstomo Compilation #include int main()
More informationTutorial 1: C-Language
Tutorial 1: C-Language Problem 1: Data Type What are the ranges of the following data types? int 32 bits 2 31..2 31-1 OR -2147483648..2147483647 (0..4294967295 if unsiged) in some machines int is same
More informationCOMP26120: Pointers in C (2018/19) Lucas Cordeiro
COMP26120: Pointers in C (2018/19) Lucas Cordeiro lucas.cordeiro@manchester.ac.uk Organisation Lucas Cordeiro (Senior Lecturer, FM Group) lucas.cordeiro@manchester.ac.uk Office: 2.44 Office hours: 10-11
More informationArrays and Memory Management
Arrays and Memory Management 1 Pointing to Different Size Objects Modern machines are byte-addressable Hardware s memory composed of 8-bit storage cells, each has a unique address A C pointer is just abstracted
More informationC Language Part 1 Digital Computer Concept and Practice Copyright 2012 by Jaejin Lee
C Language Part 1 (Minor modifications by the instructor) References C for Python Programmers, by Carl Burch, 2011. http://www.toves.org/books/cpy/ The C Programming Language. 2nd ed., Kernighan, Brian,
More informationSystems Programming and Computer Architecture ( )
Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Systems Programming and Computer Architecture (252-0061-00) Timothy Roscoe Herbstsemester 2016 1 4: Pointers Computer Architecture and Systems Programming
More informationC: Arrays, and strings. Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University. September 11, /16
Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University September 11, 2017 1/16 1-dimensional Arrays Arrays can be statically declared in C, such as: int A [100]; The space for this
More informationCS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture. Lecture 3: Pointers. Bernhard Boser & Randy Katz
CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Lecture 3: Pointers Bernhard Boser & Randy Katz http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c Agenda Pointers in C Arrays in C This is not on the test Pointer arithmetic
More informationLecture 2. Xiaoguang Wang. January 16th, 2014 STAT 598W. (STAT 598W) Lecture 2 1 / 41
Lecture 2 Xiaoguang Wang STAT 598W January 16th, 2014 (STAT 598W) Lecture 2 1 / 41 Outline 1 GNU compiler and debugger 2 Pointers and Arrays 3 Structures 4 Compilation Process 5 Exercises (STAT 598W) Lecture
More informationComplex data structures. Cedric Saule
Complex data structures Cedric Saule cedric.saule@uni-bielefeld.de Arrays in language C In language C, arrays are contiguous spaces in memory. We make the difference between two kinds of arrays : Static
More informationArrays, Strings, & Pointers
Arrays, Strings, & Pointers Alexander Nelson August 31, 2018 University of Arkansas - Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering Arrays, Strings, & Pointers Arrays, Strings, & Pointers are
More information