ENGR 102 Engineering Lab I - Computation

Transcription

1 ENGR 102 Engineering Lab I - Computation Learning Objectives by Week 1 ENGR 102 Engineering Lab I Computation 2 Credits 2. Introduction to the design and development of computer applications for engineers; computation to enhance problem solving abilities; basic concepts of software design through the implementation and debugging of student-written programs; introduction to engineering majors, career exploration, engineering practice within realistic constraints, e.g. economic, environmental, ethical, health and safety, and sustainability; pathways to success in engineering. Prerequisites: Grade of C or better in MATH 151, or concurrent enrollment; admission to the College of Engineering. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to design, create, and execute computer programming solutions to engineering problems. To achieve this goal, students will learn to: 3 Demonstrate the use of basic programming techniques in the construction of computer programs, including techniques to: 1 The learning objects in this document are based closely on those prepared by Dr. John Keyser for the Pilot Course version of ENGR This text reports the listing in the Texas A&M University course catalog 3 These are the overall course objectives that will be achieved through all of the activities of the course. Collect, store, and manipulate data within a computer program Collect, create, store, and manipulate data in larger structures, such as arrays, matrices, and lists Use control structures, such as conditional statements and loops, in computer programs Declare and use functions to solve computing-related problems Analyze data from a file and output processed results to a file Decompose a complicated task into more manageable pieces Apply programming techniques to solve problems in engineering and calculus, including: Applying vector and matrix manipulation of data to solve engineering problems Graphically plotting data to visualize basic calculus concepts Manipulating data to numerically calculate derivatives in the context of engineering applications Applying conditional statements and loops to implement numerical methods, such as bisection and Newton s method

2 2 engr Complete a team programming assignment that ties together concepts learned in the class Complete the required homework assignments for introduction to engineering majors, engineering practice, and student success. To meet these objectives, the remaining sections present the learning objectives for each week of the course.

3 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 3 Week 1 Welcome, Why Programming?, and Introduction Understand why we are teaching computing in the introduction to Engineering course and develop some appreciation for why it is good for you to learn. Understand the basic process from writing a program to executing it Compiling/Interpreting The use of an Integrated Design Environment (IDE) Understand the purpose of programming languages See the print statement, for printing both text and numbers See the effect of sequential commands (multiple print statements) Learn how access mathematical functions in the math package See the use of a mathematical function call Download and install Python (Anaconda) onto your BYOD computer Download and install PyCharm onto your BYOD computer Write and execute an initial Hello, World! program Write and execute a program using mathematical functions Understand what happens when program code has an error Follow the process of submitting files in ecampus Write programs that output data using the print command Write programs that perform mathematical computations, including using mathematical functions See some calculations that might be performed in a variety of engineering applications See some calculations that might be performed related to calculus (e.g., limits)

4 4 engr Week 2 Variables, Assignment, and Sequential Steps Understand what a variable is a programming tool for holding data with an identifier (i.e., a variable name) Learn rules of Python naming and what makes a good name Understanding of assignment to variables and the structure of an assignment statement Including assigning new values to variables Understand order of evaluation Right hand side before left in an assignment statement (including using the same variable name on the left and the right) Earlier statements before later statements (sequential computation) Learn the use of the operator-assignment statements (+=, -=, etc.) Practice with generating sequential instructions (even in a nonprogramming setting) Understand the role of the user analysis adapting a task to the goal of the audience Identify sequential instructions in an engineering application Practice identifying variables to use, determining variable names, and performing basic calculations on those variables Identify appropriate variables to use in a computation and choose good variable names Construct a non-trivial program, using appropriate variable names, to perform some calculation Understand how basic individual computations can be put together to create more complex computations Understand the process of linear interpolation between two data points

5 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 5 Week 3 Input / output and data types Understand types for variables Integer, Float, Boolean, String Understand what each type can represent Understand string usage Specifying literals (single/double quotes) Concatenation Understand how to convert between types Understand how types can cause operations to behave differently Learn how to obtain input (text input from console) Understand that all input arrives as a string Learn some simple output formatting techniques Practice unit conversion Practice use of different operations on different types Practice writing a program that involves Getting input from a user Using different types of data Formatting output Practice writing programs that involve: Getting data from a user Converting data types Performing calculations Outputting information to a user Learn about special characters using the escape sequence (\n, \t, etc.) Perform very basic vector math operations

6 6 engr Week 4 Conditional statements, Boolean expressions, and if/elifelse Learn to identify and write procedures with branching Using relational operators to create Booleans Be able to generate Boolean expressions with and, or, not, as well as parentheses () Understand that there is an order of operations, but encourage use of parentheses Be able to create if conditionals if statements understand structure and use Understand meaning of indentation and use of multiple lines of code indented Be able to use else conditions and combine them with elif statements to create more complex conditionals else clause understand use elif clause - understand use Understand nesting of conditionals Understand differences between use of nesting and multiple if/elif/else Practice writing programs that involve conditions Checking relations between values to determine Boolean conditions Implementing a condition in the code and practice using branching with if/elif/else Introduce idea of numerical error and tolerances Give practice writing Boolean expressions (with and, or, not) Write programs that require implementing multiple conditionals and branching

7 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 7 Week 5 Creating and testing larger programs Understand differences between writing larger programs versus just small snippets of code Understand various ways that comments can be used Help students understand the need to think through a program before just coding Demonstrate the way testing can be done Show how to generate good sets of tests Describe the importance of incremental development and testing (pyramids versus arches) Work through construction of a larger program List variables and steps to take Plan tests to use Include comments Construct incrementally Show Engineering application Construct a larger program on your own, following the same process as in the lab

8 8 engr Week 6 Loops and iteration Understand while loops as indefinite repetition Emphasize that condition is checked only at the start (end) of the loop Understand an infinite loop and how to break out of it Understand use of for loops over a range Understand nesting of loops Understand use of break and continue statements (optional) Use an indefinite (while) loop to compute a value Demonstrate bisection to find a root Demonstrate numerical differentiation Use a while loop to compute a function until a goal is reached Use a while loop to take input until a specific value is entered Use a for loop to evaluate a series of values Use nested loops

9 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 9 Week 7 Arrays and lists of data Understand lists as a way of collecting lots of similar data together Understand indexing into a list, reading and assigning values to list elements Differentiate the four Python data types for array-like data: lists, tuples, dictionaries, and numpy arrays. Getting the length of a list using the len command Accessing using negative values Understanding out-of-range errors Use of a for loop to go through list elements Understand list modifications Initialization of a list using [] format Appending using the.append() list method Concatenating lists together using + Assigning to sliced lists Understand slicing as generating sublists/indexes into lists Treating strings as non-editable lists (more like tuples) Creating lists of lists Understanding similarities and differences between the concepts above for lists and the parallel concepts for tuples, dictionaries, and numpy arrays. Understand dictionaries as allowing key-value pairs Create programs that read in data and perform processing on it, then output information, e.g., computing median, analyzing statistics Create a program that uses a 2-D array (list of lists) Use each array-like data type (list, tuple, dictionary, and numpy array) at least once in a program.

10 10 engr Create programs that manipulate strings or other existing lists Use lists to do basic vector math (addition, subtraction, magnitude, dot product) Use numpy to simplify mathematics with array-like data Use matplotlib.pyplot to plot numpy arrays.

11 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 11 Week 8 Top-down design of programs Understand the top-down design process Understand how to construct a program using top-down design Approach a design problem (outside of computer programming) in a top-down fashion Design a program using a top-down approach (e.g., Linear interpolation for arbitrary points) No individual assignment plan to study/review for midterm Review the learning objectives for Weeks 1 through 7

12 12 engr Week 9 Midterm Exam and file input / output Understand the role of files (long-term and larger data storage) Understand the basic open/process/close operations on files Understand use of file data type in Python, Know proper ways to open and close files Using open() and close() Using with and as Understand writing (strings) to files using the write command Understand ways to read from a file Using the readline() command Using a for loop Optional: using other commands like read(), readlines(), list() Understand the split() operation for breaking up a string into elements Introduce explicitly the idea of member functions for a type (class) i.e., object methods. Idea has been seen previously and discussed. Methods of file objects include: close(), write(), readline(). Methods of str objects include: split and strip() Practice writing a file (read in information from a user or generate data and write to a file) Practice reading in a file (potentially the same as the one written) for some operation Practice reading and writing a file (could be very basic) Practice reading in a larger, externally-defined data file for processing

13 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 13 Week 10 User-defined Functions Understand role of functions as a way of separating a piece of code from others Understand structure of a function call (name and parentheses, possibly taking arguments) Understand returning a value from a function Understand tuples as a way of grouping together data And passing back multiple values from a function Understand that they are immutable as opposed to lists Understand the role of modules in terms of code reuse, saving work, etc. Understand importing modules and calling functions defined in them Basic import of an entire module, followed by module-specific function calls Importing using the from <x> import <y> format, followed by function calls, including use of as Understand packages as hierarchy of modules Learn to define functions using the def command and call those functions in code Understand parameter passing as pass-by-value Understand return command for returning values Using tuples to return multiple values from functions Using tuple assignment statements to unpack multiple returned values from the function into separate variables Understand scope of variables Variables defined in a function Global variables, including declaring globals Practice generating functions to perform basic operations, including taking in parameters and returning a value Organize user-defined functions into custom modules. Implement bisection method for root finding using user-defined modules.

14 14 engr Practice writing functions (basic functions) Implement a simple integration technique

15 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 15 Week 11 Writing Functions and Using User-Defined Functions Learn to call functions from within other functions Understand the function call stack (intuitively) Not dealing with recursion, though Understand scope of variables Local parameters Setting default parameters Learn to pass user-defined function to numerical methods in scipy Create user-defined functions that contain the particular equation you want to solve. Find scipy packages and functions that perform the needed numerical method Demonstrate integration, root-finding, interpolation, and solving a one-dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE) Understand passing parameters to your user-defined function through the args=() parameter of the scipy functions Learn about sources for finding modules to import Default modules: the Python Library Reference External sources: PyPi * Using pip to install Optional: Understanding lists as mutable data Understanding that lists are essentially a pointer Understand that copying a pointer is not the same as copying the values it points to Practice generating functions to perform basic operations Including taking in parameters and returning a value Including passing functions to functions and handling the function parameters Implement Newton s method for root-finding Use scipy functions to perform integration and interpolation

16 16 engr Practice writing functions use scipy functions to perform root-finding and for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

17 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 17 Week 12 Functions and their use in top-down and bottom-up design Understand how to use top-down design with functions, making functions for each flow chart node Understand how to use bottom-up design to build software, starting with bottom-level functions and gradually building functions that call on or from each other Understand documentation of functions using docstrings (triplequotes) Use a bottom-up design to create functionality Use a top-down design to create a program (possibly with same code as bottom-up) Implement calculation of first and second derivatives Add randomness to a simulationx Use design approaches to create a more complex program

18 18 engr Week 13 Systematic debugging Understand types of errors that can be encountered Understand how to catch run-time errors using try...except structures Understand debugging as a precise process Understand use of the debugger in an IDE Setting breakpoints Stepping-over, Stepping-into Call stack Variable Watch Lists Given a buggy program, find the bugs and debug it Team project: larger project that will incorporate most parts of the class together. Begin work on large project (as a team) Work on team project

19 engr 102 engineering lab i - computation 19 Week 14 Classes and Programming with Objects Learn to create user-defined objects using the class structure Understand object instantiation and the initializer method Including passing parameters to the object initializer Storing parameters as attributes of an object Accessing object attributes using the <objname>.<paramname> and self.<paramname format Include methods in an object using object functions Create at least one object within the group project code. Work on group project Work on group project