1. Draw general diagram of computer showing different logical components (3)

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1 Tutorial 1 1. Draw general diagram of computer showing different logical components (3) 2. List at least three input devices (1.5) 3. List any three output devices (1.5) 4. Fill the blank cells of the table. (4)

2 Tutorial 1 A. Fill in the blanks. Decimal number: Base/Radix : Digits: total digits. Binary number system: Base/Radix : Digits: total digits. Octal number system: Base/Radix : Digits: total digits. Hexadecimal number system: Base/Radix : Digits: total digits. B Verify the answers and state True or False: 1 Convert this binary number to decimal. Ans. 21 in decimal 2 Convert the binary number to decimal. Ans in decimal 3 Convert the decimal number to binary. Ans in binary 4 Convert the decimal 52 into binary by double dabble method. Ans in binary 5 Convert the decimal 0.75 into binary by double dabble method. Ans in binary 6 Add two binary numbers and Ans Subtract binary 10 from binary Ans in binary 8 Subtract binary from binary Ans in binary 9 Multiply binary by binary Ans Multiply binary 1100 by binary Ans Subtract 14 from 46 using 8 bits 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans after ignoring the carry. 12 Add 75 to 26 using 8 bits 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans with no carry. The result is negative and in 2 s comp. form. 13 Add to 87.5 using 12 bits 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans after ignoring carry. The fist digit shows that result is positive and in its true binary form. 14 Add to using 8 bits 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans with no carry. The result is negative (2 s comp form). 15 Add 31.5 to using 8 bits 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans after ignoring carry. The result is negative (2 s comp. ) 16 Add to using 2 s complement arithmetic. Ans with no carry. The result is positive. 17 Convert the decimal to octal Ans. 572 in octal 18 Convert the decimal 5497 to binary. Ans. Since the no. in decimal is very large, it can be converted into octal first (ans in octal) and then into binary (ans in binary) 19 Add two hexadecimal numbers:2a7c.30d to 8D9.E8B. Ans Add three hexadecimal numbers: 3BCA EBD.97F3 +5FB.E2C. Ans. E083.CB2B

3 21 Given 232 in decimal = 1024 in some number system, find out the number system. Ans Convert the binary numbers into hexadecimal equivalent Ans Ans.2DB Ans.1B Ans. 1B6D.B4 23 Convert the following hexadecimal number into binary equivalent. C20 Ans F297 Ans AF9.B0D Ans E79A.6A4 Ans C Fill in the blanks /Do as directed. 1. Decimal equivalent of the binary number is. 2. Octal equivalent of the binary number is. 3. Hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number is. 4. Full form of CPU is. 5. Full form of ALU is. It (ALU) does. 6. Example of non positional number system is. 7. Example of positional number system is. 8. For a 7 bit code, total numbers represented are. 9. Add to The answer is. 10. Multiply 1110 with The answer is. 11. Subtract from Subtract from using 1 s complement. 13. Subtract from using 2 s complement. 14. Represent decimal no (25) using 7 bit binary coded decimal (BCD). 15. Represent ( 25) 10 using 8 bit signed magnitude method. 16. Represent ( 25) 10 using 8 bit 1 s complement method. 17. Represent ( 25) 10 using 8 bit 2 s complement method. 18. Find even parity bit for the number ? 19. Find odd parity bit for the number ? 20. Find hamming code for the number Represent into 32 bit IEEE floating point format. 22. Give full form: CPU, ALU, BCD, EBCDIC, and ASCII. 23. The latest popular character representation scheme that can represent more than 65K characters in unique form is. 24. A nibble is equal to byte and bits. 25. A bit is a. 26. A limitation of sign magnitude method is. D Descriptive questions: answer in detail. 1. Draw general (logical) diagram of computer and explain all its components in brief. 2. Write a short note on computers characteristics and applications. 3. Write a short note on computer history/generations. 4. Explain IEEE FP representation of real numbers. 5. Explain how integers are represented in computer memory? 6. Explain how characters are represented in computer memory. 7. Explain sign magnitude method with example. Also list any one limitation of the method. 8. Describe: bit, byte, nibble, and word. 9. Explain error detection using even parity and odd parity with an example of each. Also state the limitations of the error detection method. 10. Explain Hamming code in detail. Bit 1 checks bits 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21 0 Bit 2 checks bits 2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15,18,19 0 Bit 4 checks bits 4,5,6,7,12,13,14, 15,20,21 0 Bit 8 checks bits 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 0 Bit 16 checks bits 16,17,18,19,20,21 1

4 Tutorial 3 1. Design a logic circuit that a. considers a six bit words and passes if a positive signal is given b. inverts a six bits word from an input register into an output register. 2. Draw base 6 number system to binary encoder. 3. Draw 1 to 10 decoder using AND gates. 4. Draw an odd parity generator for a six bit word. 5. Draw an odd parity tester for 16 bits. 6. Sate and prove de Morgan s 1 st law. 7. Sate and prove de Morgan s 2 nd law. 8. Draw logic circuits for followings: a. A+B +C b. AB+C c. A B +C d. A B + B A e. CA B +BC+A 9. Complete following truth table. From the truth table find out equation. Also draw equivalent logic circuit for the same. A B C X= ABC Y= AB C Z= A B C L= A BC X+Y+Z+L Consider the truth table find out equation represented by X. Also draw equivalent logic circuit for the same. A B C X

5 Tutorial 4 1. What do you mean by logic gate? Define three basic gates with logic circuit and truth table. 2. What is a truth table? Give example. 3. Define the function performed by following gates by giving the logic circuit diagram and truth table: And, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, BUBBLLED OR. 4. What is the only one input combination that will produce a high output of a six input AND gate? 5. An AND gate output always differs from an OR gate output. Comment. 6. Which logic gate is called (a) any or all gate (b) all or nothing gate (c) inverter gate? 7. What is the minimum number of inputs that a NOT gate can take? 8. Name the universal gates. Define the function performed by them with truth table. (Universal gates are NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR) 9. What do you mean by bubbled OR and bubbled AND gate? Give circuit and truth table. 10. What is the only set of input combination that will produce a high output from a three input NOR gate? 11. What is the only set of input combination that will produce a low output from a three input NAND gate? 12. What type of gate is equivalent to a NAND gate followed by an inverter? 13. What is the maximum number of output for any logic gate? 14. Draw the logic diagram and construct truth table for each of the following expressions: X= A+B+CD Y= (AB) (A+B) +EF Z=AB+CD+ABC 15. Draw the logic diagram and construct truth table for each of the following expressions: A B A B C A B A B C 16. Draw a Hexadecimal to Binary Encoder. 17. Show that AB+ (A+B) is equivalent to A B 18. Show that A B + A B = A B

6 19. Derive a logic expression that equals 1 only when two binary numebrs A 1 A 0 and B 1 B 0 have the same values. Draw the logic diagram and construct the truth tabel for the same to very. The two binary numebrs A 1 A 0 and B 1 B 0 are same iff their MSBs and LSBs are same. So we take an XNOR operation for the correspomding bits. B 1 B 0 A 1 A 0 x=a 1 XNOR B 1 y=a 0 XNOR B 0 x y Complete by providing logic circuit. 20. Draw a logic circuit for following: 1. Decimal-to-binary encoder 2. Binary-to-decimal decoder 3. To block/transmit word 4. Control inverter 5. Word Comparator 6. Odd parity tester 7. Odd parity generator 8. Nibble multiplexer to-1 multiplexer 10. Half adder and full adder 11. Binary adder s Complement adder-subtractor 13. RS NOR latch 14. RS NAND latch 15. Clocked RS flip flop 16. D-latch 17. Clocked D-latch 18. Edge-Triggered D-flip flop/latch 19. Buffer register 20. Controlled buffer register 21. Shift left register 22. Shift right register 23. Controlled shift register 24. Parallel (broadside) load register 25. Ring counter

7 Tutorial 5 (Miscellaneous questions) 1. Give full form of SIMD, MIMD and SIMD. 2. What is hamming distance? (The Hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different.) 3. What is frequency shift keying? (frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave.) 4. What is IRG? Where is it available? 5. Give two real life examples of the half duplex transmission. 6. What is a Bus? (A bus is a collection of wires used to transmit signals in parallel.) 7. What is bus arbiter? 8. Explain in a brief the flow of control. 9. Give name of the latest microprocessor. 10. What is excess 127 notation? 11. What is big endian & little endian? Define both the words. 12. Differentiate synchronous and asynchronous transmission methods. 13. What is track? 14. What is rotational latency? 15. What is seek time? 16. How information is recorded into an optical disk? 17. What is the characteristic of sequential access device? 18. When the sequential access devices are used? Give an application. 19. What is the size of a typical floppy disk? 20. What is data channel? 21. What is terminal? 22. Name three different terminal types. Is there any standard, which can be used to attach any type of terminal to any computer (cpu)? 23. What is DMA? (Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of modern computers that allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory independently of the central processing unit (CPU).) 24. What is the job of I/O controller? 25. What is baud rate? 26. List modes of transmission. 27. What is cache memory? Explain different types of cache with one to two line description of each. Also draw diagram showing cache memory along with CPU. What is hit ratio? (cache hits and cache miss) What is locality principle? 28. What is Web cache? (Web browsers and web proxy servers employ web caches to store previous responses from web servers, such as web pages and images. Web caches reduce the amount of information that needs to be transmitted across the network, as information previously stored in the cache can often be re used. This reduces bandwidth and processing requirements of the web server, and helps to improve responsiveness for users of the web.) 29. What is the major difference between the buffer and cache?

8 (Buffer it is temporary memory location that aids CPU to access data as CPu can not access it from the peripherals directly. Buffering is one way, not performance increasing but an intermediate means of accessing) 30. What is MAR and MBR? 31. List different instruction formats. 32. List design criteria for instruction formats. 33. What is opcode? 34. What is the use of zero address instruction? 35. Explain in very brief the monadic and the biadic instruction? 36. What is the limitation of immediate addressing? 37. How register addressing differs from the direct addressing? 38. Explain in one line: a. Immediate addressing b. Direct addressing c. Indirect addressing d. Register addressing 39. Differentiate traps and interrupts. 40. List & explain steps in the fetch decode execute cycle of the instructions. 41. Pipe line machine is SISD. State true or false and justify. 42. What is modem? List three applications where modems are necessary. 43. How laser printer works? Explain. 44. What is terminal? How many terminal types do you know? Explain in detail the working of any one. 45. Explain simplex, half duplex and duplex transmission. 46. Write a short note on modem/modulation techniques. 47. What is RS 232 C? Explain the terminals which posses this characteristics. 48. List different types of modulation techniques. What is the use of these techniques? Explain frequency modulation. 49. How dot matrix printer works? 50. How information can be represented into computer? Explain in detail. 51. Generate and even parity hamming code for the digits If your have 96 bits memory, what would be the possible organizations of memory? 53. Discuss the four design criteria for instruction formats in detail. 54. What types of instructions do you know? List and explain in detail with its usage. 55. List different type of addressing techniques. Explain one of them in detail. 56. Distinguish between primary memory and secondary memory. [Give three points. 57. List any three secondary storage devices. Explain CD ROM in detail with necessary diagram.

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