RISC-V Software Ecosystem
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1 RISC-V Software Ecosystem Palmer Dabbelt UC Berkeley February 8, 2015
2 2 Software on RISC-V So it turns out there is a lot of software...
3 Software on RISC-V sys-libs/zlib r1 virtual/libintl-0-r1 sys-libs/ncurses-5.9-r3 sys-apps/gentoo-functions-0.8 dev-libs/gmp-6.0.0a sys-libs/db r1 virtual/libiconv-0-r1 app-arch/bzip r7 sys-apps/busybox r1 sys-devel/gcc-config-1.8 sys-libs/timezone-data-2014j app-misc/editor-wrapper-4 net-firewall/iptables r1 sys-libs/e2fsprogs-libs dev-libs/libpipeline sys-libs/gdbm-1.11 app-portage/portage-utils-0.53 sys-apps/sandbox-2.6-r1 app-misc/pax-utils dev-lang/python-exec r1 app-misc/mime-types-9 dev-libs/expat r4 dev-libs/libffi sys-apps/sysvinit-2.88-r7 sys-kernel/linux-headers-3.18 sys-apps/kbd sys-apps/net-tools-1.60 app-arch/xz-utils app-arch/tar-1.28 app-arch/gzip-1.6 sys-apps/which-2.20-r1 sys-apps/diffutils-3.3 sys-apps/baselayout-2.2 sys-devel/patch sys-devel/gnuconfig x11-proto/xproto x11-proto/xextproto x11-proto/inputproto media-libs/libjpeg-turbo r1 sys-apps/coreutils-8.23 sys-libs/readline-6.3 p8-r2 sys-libs/glibc-2.20-r1 sys-apps/util-linux r2 sys-apps/sed sys-apps/file-5.22 dev-libs/mpfr p10 sys-process/psmisc r2 net-misc/netifrc dev-libs/popt-1.16-r2 sys-devel/binutils-config-4-r1 virtual/libffi r1 sys-libs/cracklib sys-apps/kmod-19 sys-devel/make-4.1-r1 sys-process/procps r1 sys-apps/iproute virtual/dev-manager-0 sys-apps/findutils r1 virtual/os-headers-0 x11-libs/libice virtual/jpeg-0-r2 media-libs/libpng x11-proto/fixesproto-5.0-r1 x11-libs/libxdmcp r1 x11-libs/libxau dev-libs/libpcre-8.36 app-shells/bash-4.3 p33-r1 app-admin/eselect net-misc/rsync sys-apps/openrc dev-libs/mpc r1 sys-apps/debianutils-4.4 sys-apps/shadow app-editors/nano sys-devel/binutils-2.25-r1 virtual/modutils-0 virtual/shadow-0 sys-apps/less-471 app-admin/eselect-python sys-apps/grep-2.21-r1 virtual/service-manager-0 virtual/editor-0 sys-devel/gcc r1 x11-libs/libx virtual/pager-0 x11-libs/libxext x11-libs/libxfixes x11-libs/libxt x11-libs/fltk r2 x11-libs/libxi x11-libs/libxtst net-misc/tigervnc r2 dev-lang/perl r4 app-admin/perl-cleaner-2.19 perl-core/data-dumper virtual/perl-data-dumper perl-core/file-temp r1 virtual/perl-file-temp r2 dev-perl/text-unidecode r1 dev-perl/libintl-perl virtual/perl-file-spec dev-perl/unicode-eastasianwidth r1 sys-apps/texinfo-5.2 sys-apps/groff sys-apps/man-db virtual/man-0-r1 sys-apps/man-pages-posix-2013a sys-apps/man-pages-3.78 dev-libs/openssl r1 app-misc/ca-certificates net-misc/openssh-6.7 p1-r3 net-misc/wget net-misc/iputils r1 www-client/dillo
4 Software on RISC-V 4
5 5 A Note on Tethered Boot HTIF: Host-Target InterFace We build test chips No DRAM, disk, etc Proxy IO to host Spike simulates HTIF Boots tethered system No disk bootloader
6 6 Obtaining RISC-V Software Ports Nothing is upstream Traditionally development done at UC Berkeley Used to live at ucb: UC Berkeley bar: Berkeley Architecture Research Coordinated at New! RISC-V is more than Berkeley, so we have a new organization
7 7 RISC-V Implementations It d be great if there was just RISC-V silicon lying around
8 8 Spike ISA Simulator RISC-V golden model Designed to be easy to modify Full ROCC support
9 9 ANGEL JavaScript ISA Simulator Pure client-side Java Script Boot Linux in your browser At 13 MIPS Designed for education and outreach Nothing to install
10 10 QEMU Full-System Simulator Fastest RISC-V implementation ( 1 BIPS) Emulates a full RISC-V system 8250 UART for serial console Virtio for network and disks
11 Operating Systems and System Libraries 11
12 12 Proxy Kernel Designed for tethered operation Requires host running riscv-fesvr Forwards system calls over HTIF Emulates a minimal POSIX environment Runs without virtual memory Single process, one thread per core Mostly used with newlib, an embedded C library
13 13 Linux Missing a lot CONFIG SMP CONFIG PREEMPT CONFIG HAVE BPF JIT Anything instrumentation related (ftrace, ptrace, kprobes, perf events) No public supervisor spec Quite a bit of Berkeley-specific code
14 Toolchains 14
15 15 GNU (binutils, GCC, and glibc) Wrapper to build RISC-V cross compiler Current with upstream releases binutils-2.25, GCC-4.9.2, glibc-2.20 Reasonable quality C, C++, Fortran, OpenMP 99.6% of GCC tests pass Support for all RV32/RV64 ISA variants Fancier things not implemented libsegfault.so Also contains the newlib C library port
16 16 Linker Relaxation in RISC-V Binutils Expressing 32/64-bit addresses takes multiple instructions Most addresses are small offsets Full address offsets not known until link time Code generation has to happen at compile time Solution: compiler emits long sequences, linker shortens them Function Calls gcc emits auipc t0, target[31:12] jalr ra, t0, target[11:0] ld optimizes to jal ra, target[21:0] Global Variables gcc emits auipc t0, global[31:12] ld t0, global[11:0](t0) ld optimizes to ld t0, offset(global ptr) 7% code size reduction in Linux!
17 17 LLVM Probably what you want to use for compiler projects Stable and development versions Stable port of LLVM-3.3 Weekly upstream trunk merges (do development here) Currently a work in progess Only targets newlib Integrated assembler not ported Plans for LLVM Work towards upstreaming Increase test coverage Improve robustness, clean up code Improve code generation Assembler, disassembler
18 18 OpenCL on RISC-V (via LLVM) clang OpenCL frontend, pocl OpenCL library Full support for scalar RISC-V codegen We re building parallel machines Working on OpenCL codegen for UCB vector unit
19 Linux Distributions 19
20 20 Busybox Absolute simplest userland distribution Commonly used in emdedded systems Cross compiled, low storage and memory footprint Good way to get started with RISC-V Cross-compile your application, put in an initramfs, and boot Try it out at Don t try and compile complicated dependency chains yourself
21 21 OpenEmbedded Popular embedded Linux distribution Cross compiles a huge amount of software One-click full system image builds What you want to use to build embedded images Building dependencies for research code Building firmwares for embedded products
22 22 Gentoo Less popular desktop Linux distribution Cross compiles system software Native compilation for the rest What you want to use when your laptop runs RISC-V
23 23 The Rest of Userland Lots of stuff just works bash, perl, make, coreutils Some work is in progress libffi gdb/strace LLVM Many things haven t been started Any sort of Java Mozilla
24 24 Contributing to Userland Try riscv-poky, it probably just builds If it doesn t build, most software is trivial Submit a pull request to riscv-poky Not in a position to upstream userland yet If it s complicated, ask for a github.com/riscv repo!
25 25 RISC-V Verification Suite Hand-written tests for each instruction in the ISA Simple test kernels Various sorts, matmul, etc Serve a simple performance test cases Directed-random program generators (torture and schadenfreude) Compilers don t generate very interesting code Generate pathological instruction sequences Not yet released, need a big cleanup We d love help with our verification story!
26 Questions
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