Stacks and Their Applications
|
|
- Chastity Jocelyn Lawson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 5 Stacks and Their Applications We have been discussing general list structures. In practice, we often work with some restricted cases, in which insertions and/or deletions occur only at one or two positions in a list. In this chapter and the next, we study two such cases: stacks and queues. A stack is a list for which insertions, deletions and inspections all take place at one end of the list, top. It has an important property that the data added in first can only be retrieved at last. Thus, it is also called LIFO list. Trays in cafeteria is a typical example in our daily life. 1
2 Stack is also used in computer science, e.g., in managing function calls. When a function is called, some critical data such as the location at which the call is made, values of local variables, etc., must be saved before the control is transferred. Once the called function is exited, all the saved data must be restored. When a chain of such function invocation is involved, data saved for the function that is called first is going to be restored at last. A stack provides an effective and natural mechanism in this case. Although it is easy and natural to derive a stack class from the general list structure, it is more efficient to start from scratch. 2
3 A customized implementation class Stack { public: Stack(int MaxStackSize = 10); ~Stack() {delete [] stack;} bool IsEmpty() const {return top == -1;} bool IsFull() const {return top == MaxTop;} T Top() const; Stack<T>& Add(const T& x); Stack<T>& Delete(T& x); private: int top; // current top of stack int MaxTop; // max value for top T *stack; // element array }; Notice that for stack, Add and Delete are usually called Push and Pop. 3
4 Define operations Stack<T>::Stack(int MaxStackSize){ MaxTop = MaxStackSize - 1; stack = new T[MaxStackSize]; top = -1; } T Stack<T>::Top() const{ if (IsEmpty()) throw OutOfBounds(); return stack[top]; } Stack<T>& Stack<T>::Add(const T& x){ if (IsFull()) throw NoMem(); stack[++top] = x; return *this; } Stack<T>& Stack<T>::Delete(T& x){ if (IsEmpty()) throw OutOfBounds(); x = stack[top--]; return *this; } 4
5 An linked implementation Below gives another implementation based on a linked structure. template<class T> class LinkedStack { public: LinkedStack() {top = 0;} ~LinkedStack(); bool IsEmpty() const {return top == 0;} bool IsFull() const; T Top() const; LinkedStack<T>& Add(const T& x); LinkedStack<T>& Delete(T& x); private: Node<T> *top; // pointer to top node }; 5
6 Implement operations T LinkedStack<T>::Top() const{ if (IsEmpty()) throw OutOfBounds(); return top->data; } LinkedStack<T>& LinkedStack<T>::Add(const T& x){ Node<T> *p = new Node<T>; p->data = x; p->link = top; top = p; return *this; } LinkedStack<T>& LinkedStack<T>::Delete(T& x){ if (IsEmpty()) throw OutOfBounds(); x = top->data; Node<T> *p = top; top = top->link; delete p; return *this; } 6
7 Homework 5.1. Add in the following functions for the LinkedStack class: Determine the size of the stack, input a stack and output a stack Extend the LinkedStack class to add a function Split that splits a stack into two: the first contains the bottom half elements, and the second contains the rest Write another one that places all the elements in the second stack on top of those in the first. For all the above homework, you need to submit source code and sample output. 7
8 Applications There are many useful applications for stacks. We look at a simple one first. When we write down an arithmetic expression, we have to make sure that the left parentheses match with the corresponding right ones. For example, in (a (b+c)+d),, the (s in positions 1 and 4 matches with the ) in positions 8 and 11. We observe that if we scan the whole expression, a character string, from left to right, then each ) must match with the most recently occurring (. This observation motivates us to push all the ( to a stack, and whenever we see a ), we pop off a ( from the top. If at the end, the stack is empty, everything is matched up. If it not empty at the end, or there is nothing in the stack to match with a ), something must be wrong. 8
9 const int MaxLength = 100; void PrintMatchedPairs(char *expr){ Stack<int> s(maxlength); int j, length = strlen(expr); for (int i = 1; i <= length; i++) { if (expr[i - 1] == ( ) s.add(i); else if (expr[i - 1] == ) ) try {s.delete(j); cout << j << << i << endl;} catch (OutOfBounds) {cout << "No match for right parenthesis" << " at " << i << endl;} } while (!s.isempty()) { s.delete(j); cout << "No match for left parenthesis at " << j << endl;} } 9
10 Railroad cars A freight train has n cars. It is going through n stations, at each of which one car will be detached. Thus, with a list of cars in an arbitrary order, it makes sense to rearrange those cars into the order from n through 1. We will do so in a shunting yard that has an input track, where a list of arbitrarily ordered cars are sent in, an output track, and k holding tracks, where cars can be temporarily stored before going to the output track. 10
11 When arranging cars, we can only do one of the following two things: 1)move a car from the right end of the input track into one of the holding tracks; 2) A car can be moved from a holding track to the left end of the output track. Notice that once a car is moved into a holding track as the last one, it must be the first to be moved out of there. Hence, all the holding tracks are stacks. Moreover, whenever the cars in any holding track is not in an increasing order, the rearrangement can t be completed. Hence, our basic ides is when we get the next car from the input track, we will check if it has the label next to that of the last car in the output track. If it is, send it out; otherwise, we will send it to one of the holding tracks such that its top car has the smallest label which is bigger than that of the incoming one(?). 11
12 During the rearrangement, we also have to check the top cars in the holding tracks to see if any of them has the next label, before we go to the input track to bring in the next one. In some cases, we might need more holding tracks, e.g., the original order of 1,n,n 1,, 2 requires n 1 holding tracks. Homework 5.4: Write a program for the railroad car switching system, assuming track i holds s i cars, 1 i k. 12
13 Maze A maze is a rectangular area with an entrance and an exit. Its interior contains walls or obstacles that one can t walk through. In our case, the entrance is the top left corner, and the exit is the bottom right corner. Given such a maze, we want to find a path that goes from the entrance to the exit. 13
14 Basic ideas It is clear that we can represent a maze as an m n matrix, M, with index (1, 1), and (m, n) representing the entrance and exit, respectively. M(i, j) = 1 iff the position (i, j) is a block. Below is an initial design. void main(){ Welcome(); InputMaze(); if (FindPath()) OutputPath(); else cout << "No Path" << endl; } Now, we have to elaborate it into a C++ program. 14
15 How to find a path? We begin with the entrance position, if it is already the exit, we are done. Otherwise, we have to look for the next position in the path. Generally speaking, we can try the right one, the one below, the left one, and the one above. If we can go to any of them, we can keep the current position somewhere, and go to the next one, and continue from there. If we reach a dead end via that next position, we have to come back, or backtrack, to try an alternative. Since, we should always change the most recently made option, we have to keep the path in a stack. Homework 5.5. Write a program to implement the above idea, using a linked list to hold the path. 15
More Group HW. #ifndef Stackh #define Stackh. #include <cstdlib> using namespace std;
More Group HW The following code is contained in the file ex1stck.h. Fill in the blanks with the C++ statement(s) that will correctly finish the method. Each blank may be filled in with more than one statement.
More informationData Structures (INE2011)
Data Structures (INE2011) Electronics and Communication Engineering Hanyang University Haewoon Nam Lecture 4 1 Stacks Insertion and deletion are made at one end () Last input first output (LIFO) Inserting
More informationUnit 4: Stacks and Queues
Unit 4: Stacks and Queues Engineering 4892: Data Structures Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland June 1, 2011 ENGI 4892 (MUN) Unit 4 June 1, 2011 1 / 24 1 Stacks
More informationData Structures and Programming 資料結構與程式設計. Topic 6 Stacks. Stacks. Stack of Cups. Stacks. top. top. bottom. bottom
Data Structures and Programming 資料結構與程式設計 Topic 6 Stacks 課程編號 :90 3900 EE 30 科目名稱 : 資料結構與程式設計授課教師 : 黃鼎偉時間地點 : 一 678 電機二館 229 Stacks Linear list. One end is called top. Other end is called bottom. Additions
More informationSTACKS. A stack is defined in terms of its behavior. The common operations associated with a stack are as follows:
STACKS A stack is a linear data structure for collection of items, with the restriction that items can be added one at a time and can only be removed in the reverse order in which they were added. The
More informationCMPSCI 187: Programming With Data Structures. Lecture 12: Implementing Stacks With Linked Lists 5 October 2011
CMPSCI 187: Programming With Data Structures Lecture 12: Implementing Stacks With Linked Lists 5 October 2011 Implementing Stacks With Linked Lists Overview: The LinkedStack Class from L&C The Fields and
More informationCHAPTER 3 STACKS AND QUEUES. Iris Hui-Ru Jiang Fall 2008
HAPTER 3 STAKS AND QUEUES Iris Hui-Ru Jiang Fall 2008 2 ontents Templates in ++ Stack (LIFO) Queue (FIFO) Subtyping and Inheritance in ++ A Mazing Problem Evaluation of Expressions Readings hapter 3 ++
More informationIT 4043 Data Structures and Algorithms. Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science
IT 4043 Data Structures and Algorithms Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science 1 Syllabus Introduction to DSA Abstract Data Types List Operation Using Arrays Stacks Queues Recursion Link List Sorting
More informationData Structures G5029
Data Structures G5029 Lecture 2 Kingsley Sage Room 5C16, Pevensey III khs20@sussex.ac.uk University of Sussex 2006 Lecture 2 Stacks The usual analogy is the stack of plates. A way of buffering a stream
More informationData Structures & Algorithm Analysis. Lecturer: Souad Alonazi
Data Structures & Algorithm Analysis Lec(3) Stacks Lecturer: Souad Alonazi What is a stack? Stores a set of elements in a particular order Stack principle: LAST IN FIRST OUT = LIFO It means: the last element
More informationLecture Data Structure Stack
Lecture Data Structure Stack 1.A stack :-is an abstract Data Type (ADT), commonly used in most programming languages. It is named stack as it behaves like a real-world stack, for example a deck of cards
More informationCOMP250: Stacks. Jérôme Waldispühl School of Computer Science McGill University. Based on slides from (Goodrich & Tamassia, 2004)
COMP250: Stacks Jérôme Waldispühl School of Computer Science McGill University Based on slides from (Goodrich & Tamassia, 2004) 2004 Goodrich, Tamassia The Stack ADT A Stack ADT is a list that allows only
More information[CS302-Data Structures] Homework 2: Stacks
[CS302-Data Structures] Homework 2: Stacks Instructor: Kostas Alexis Teaching Assistants: Shehryar Khattak, Mustafa Solmaz, Bishal Sainju Fall 2018 Semester Section 1. Stack ADT Overview wrt Provided Code
More informationCSC 222: Computer Programming II. Spring 2004
CSC 222: Computer Programming II Spring 2004 Stacks and recursion stack ADT push, pop, top, empty, size vector-based implementation, library application: parenthesis/delimiter matching run-time
More informationProblem with Scanning an Infix Expression
Operator Notation Consider the infix expression (X Y) + (W U), with parentheses added to make the evaluation order perfectly obvious. This is an arithmetic expression written in standard form, called infix
More informationIV. Stacks. A. Introduction 1. Consider the 4 problems on pp (1) Model the discard pile in a card game. (2) Model a railroad switching yard
IV. Stacks 1 A. Introduction 1. Consider the problems on pp. 170-1 (1) Model the discard pile in a card game (2) Model a railroad switching yard (3) Parentheses checker () Calculate and display base-two
More informationStacks. Ordered list with property: Insertions and deletions always occur at the same end. INSERT DELETE A3 A3 TOP TOP TOP
Stacks Ordered list with property: Insertions and deletions always occur at the same end. INSERT A3 A3 TOP DELETE A2 TOP A2 A2 TOP A1 A1 A1 A0 A0 A0 Stacks Implementation Implementation with arrays: Declare
More informationLinear Data Structure
Linear Data Structure Definition A data structure is said to be linear if its elements form a sequence or a linear list. Examples: Array Linked List Stacks Queues Operations on linear Data Structures Traversal
More information! A data type for which: ! In fact, an ADT may be implemented by various. ! Examples:
Ch. 8: ADTs: Stacks and Queues Abstract Data Type A data type for which: CS 8 Fall Jill Seaman - only the properties of the data and the operations to be performed on the data are specific, - not concerned
More informationCOSC160: Data Structures: Lists and Queues. Jeremy Bolton, PhD Assistant Teaching Professor
COSC160: Data Structures: Lists and Queues Jeremy Bolton, PhD Assistant Teaching Professor Outline I. Queues I. FIFO Queues I. Usage II. Implementations II. LIFO Queues (Stacks) I. Usage II. Implementations
More informationStack. Data structure with Last-In First-Out (LIFO) behavior. Out
Stack and Queue 1 Stack Data structure with Last-In First-Out (LIFO) behavior In Out C B A B C 2 Typical Operations Pop on Stack Push isempty: determines if the stack has no elements isfull: determines
More informationSeptember 19,
September 19, 2013 1 Problems with previous examples Changes to the implementation will require recompilation & relinking of clients Extensions will require access to the source code Solutions Combine
More informationStacks. Gaddis 18.1, Molly A. O'Neil CS 2308 :: Spring 2016
Stacks Gaddis 18.1, 18.3 Molly A. O'Neil CS 2308 :: Spring 2016 The Stack ADT A stack is an abstract data type that stores a collection of elements of the same type The elements of a stack are accessed
More informationThe Stack ADT. Stacks. The Stack ADT. The Stack ADT. Set of objects in which the location an item is inserted and deleted is prespecified.
The Stack ADT Stacks Set of objects in which the location an item is inserted and deleted is prespecified Stacks! Insert in order! Delete most recent item inserted! LIFO - last in, first out Stacks 2 The
More informationProgramming Abstractions
Programming Abstractions C S 1 0 6 B Cynthia Lee Today s Topics ADTs Stack Example: Reverse-Polish Notation calculator Queue Example: Mouse Events Stacks New ADT: Stack stack.h template
More informationData Structure. Chapter 3 Stacks and Queues. Department of Communication Engineering National Central University Jhongli, Taiwan.
Data Structure Chapter 3 Stacks and Queues Instructor: Angela Chih-Wei Tang Department of Communication Engineering National Central University Jhongli, Taiwan 29 Spring Outline Stack Queue A Mazing Problem
More informationKeeping Order:! Stacks, Queues, & Deques. Travis W. Peters Dartmouth College - CS 10
Keeping Order:! Stacks, Queues, & Deques 1 Stacks 2 Stacks A stack is a last in, first out (LIFO) data structure Primary Operations: push() add item to top pop() return the top item and remove it peek()
More informationWentworth Institute of Technology COMP201 Computer Science II Spring 2015 Derbinsky. Stacks and Queues. Lecture 11.
Lecture 11 1 More Data Structures In this lecture we will use a linked list to implement two abstract data types (ADT) An ADT provides the interface, or what a data structure does We can then use code
More information// The next 4 functions return true on success, false on failure
Stacks and Queues Queues and stacks are two special list types of particular importance. They can be implemented using any list implementation, but arrays are a more practical solution for these structures
More informationCOMP 2355 Introduction to Systems Programming
COMP 2355 Introduction to Systems Programming Christian Grothoff christian@grothoff.org http://grothoff.org/christian/ 1 Today Class syntax, Constructors, Destructors Static methods Inheritance, Abstract
More informationCMSC 132: Object-Oriented Programming II. Stack and Queue
CMSC 132: Object-Oriented Programming II Stack and Queue 1 Stack Allows access to only the last item inserted. An item is inserted or removed from the stack from one end called the top of the stack. This
More informationADT Stack. Inserting and deleting elements occurs at the top of Stack S. top. bottom. Stack S
Stacks Stacks & Queues A linear sequence, or list, is an ordered collection of elements: S = (s 1, s 2,..., s n ) Stacks and queues are finite linear sequences. A Stack is a LIFO (Last In First Out) list.
More information4.1 Ordered Lists Revisited
Chapter 4 Linked-lists 4.1 Ordered Lists Revisited Let us revisit our ordered-list. Let us assume that we use it for storing roll numbers of students in a class in ascending order. We can make the assumption
More informationObject Oriented Programming COP3330 / CGS5409
Object Oriented Programming COP3330 / CGS5409 Intro to Data Structures Vectors Linked Lists Queues Stacks C++ has some built-in methods of storing compound data in useful ways, like arrays and structs.
More informationCh. 18: ADTs: Stacks and Queues. Abstract Data Type
Ch. 18: ADTs: Stacks and Queues CS 2308 Fall 2011 Jill Seaman Lecture 18 1 Abstract Data Type A data type for which: - only the properties of the data and the operations to be performed on the data are
More information! A data type for which: ! An ADT may be implemented using various. ! Examples:
Stacks and Queues Unit 6 Chapter 19.1-2,4-5 CS 2308 Fall 2018 Jill Seaman 1 Abstract Data Type A data type for which: - only the properties of the data and the operations to be performed on the data are
More informationC++ Templates. David Camp
C++ Templates David Camp C Marcos #define () #define min(i, j) (((i) < (j))? (i) : (j)) #define max(i, j) (((i) > (j))? (i) : (j)) #define RADTODEG(x)
More informationCS6202 - PROGRAMMING & DATA STRUCTURES I Unit IV Part - A 1. Define Stack. A stack is an ordered list in which all insertions and deletions are made at one end, called the top. It is an abstract data type
More informationData Structures using OOP C++ Lecture 9
Stack A stack is an ordered group of homogeneous items or elements. The removal of existing items and the addition of new items can take place only at the top of the stack. The stack may be considered
More informationAbstract Data Types 1
Abstract Data Types 1 Purpose Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Lists Stacks Queues 2 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) ADT is a set of objects together with a set of operations. Abstract in that implementation of operations
More informationThe Stack and Queue Types
The Stack and Queue Types Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser@cct.lsu.edu http://www.cct.lsu.edu/ hkaiser/fall_2012/csc1254.html 2 Programming Principle of the Day Do the simplest thing that could possibly work A good
More informationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science. First Examination
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science First Examination CS 225 Data Structures and Software Principles Spring 2007 7p-9p, Thursday, March 1 Name: NetID: Lab Section
More informationFoundations of Data Structures
Foundations of Data Structures Lecture 4 Elementary Abstract Data Types (ADT): Stack Queue 1 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) An abstract data type (ADT) is an abstraction of a data structure An ADT specifies:
More informationSTACKS AND QUEUES. Problem Solving with Computers-II
STACKS AND QUEUES Problem Solving with Computers-II 2 Stacks container class available in the C++ STL Container class that uses the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle Methods i. push() ii. iii. iv. pop()
More informationStacks. Stacks. Main stack operations. The ADT Stack stores arbitrary objects. Insertions and deletions follow the last-in first-out (LIFO) principle.
Stacks 1 Stacks The ADT Stack stores arbitrary objects. Insertions and deletions follow the last-in first-out (LIFO) principle. 2 Main stack operations Insertion and removal are defined by: push(e): inserts
More informationStacks (5.1) Abstract Data Types (ADTs) CSE 2011 Winter 2011
Stacks (5.1) CSE 2011 Winter 2011 26 January 2011 1 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) An abstract data type (ADT) is an abstraction of a data structure An ADT specifies: Data stored Operations on the data Error
More informationBBM 201 DATA STRUCTURES
BBM 201 DATA STRUCTURES Lecture 5: Stacks and Queues 2017 Fall Stacks A list on which insertion and deletion can be performed. Based on Last-in-First-out (LIFO) Stacks are used for a number of applications:
More informationAbstract Data Types. CptS 223 Advanced Data Structures. Larry Holder School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University
Abstract Data Types CptS 223 Advanced Data Structures Larry Holder School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University 1 Purpose Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Lists Stacks Queues
More informationCS302 - Data Structures using C++
CS302 - Data Structures using C++ Topic: Graphs - Introduction Kostas Alexis Terminology In the context of our course, graphs represent relations among data items G = {V,E} A graph is a set of vertices
More informationCS 112 Introduction to Computing II. Wayne Snyder Computer Science Department Boston University
CS 11 Introduction to Computing II Wayne Snyder Department Boston University Today Object-Oriented Programming Concluded Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues as Abstract Data Types Reference types: Basic
More informationStacks. Lecture6: Stacks. Stack Operations. Stack Interface in Java
Stacks (01F) Lecture6: Stacks What is stack? An abstract data type storing arbitrary objects. An ordered list in which all insertions and deletions are made at one end, called top Push Pop Top Bohyung
More informationPriority Queues (Heaps)
Priority Queues (Heaps) 1 Priority Queues Many applications require that we process records with keys in order, but not necessarily in full sorted order. Often we collect a set of items and process the
More informationDiscussion of project # 1 permutations
Discussion of project # 1 permutations Algorithm and examples. The main function for generating permutations is buildp. We don t need a separate class for permutations since the permutations objects are
More informationCMSC 341 Lecture 7. Announcements. Proj 2 up Project Preview tonight and tomorrow
CMSC 341 Lecture 7 Announcements Proj 2 up Project Preview tonight and tomorrow 1 Comparing Performance Linear S Linked D Linked Cursor constructor O(1) O(1) O(1) O(1) find O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n) findprev
More informationMarch 13/2003 Jayakanth Srinivasan,
Statement Effort MergeSort(A, lower_bound, upper_bound) begin T(n) if (lower_bound < upper_bound) Θ(1) mid = (lower_bound + upper_bound)/ 2 Θ(1) MergeSort(A, lower_bound, mid) T(n/2) MergeSort(A, mid+1,
More informationCMSC 341. Deques, Stacks and Queues 9/22/04 1
CMSC 341 Deques, Stacks and Queues 9/22/04 1 The Double-Ended Queue ADT The double ended queue is referred to as a Deque (rhymes with check ) Restricted List add to the end remove from the end add to the
More informationChapter 9 STACK, QUEUE
Chapter 9 STACK, QUEUE 1 LIFO: Last In, First Out. Stacks Restricted form of list: Insert and remove only at front of list. Notation: Insert: PUSH Remove: POP The accessible element is called TOP. Stack
More informationBuilding Java Programs
Building Java Programs Appendix Q Lecture Q-1: stacks and queues reading: appendix Q 2 Runtime Efficiency (13.2) efficiency: measure of computing resources used by code. can be relative to speed (time),
More informationComputer Science 210 Data Structures Siena College Fall Topic Notes: Linear Structures
Computer Science 210 Data Structures Siena College Fall 2017 Topic Notes: Linear Structures The structures we ve seen so far, Vectors/ArrayLists and linked lists, allow insertion and deletion of elements
More informationChapter 3. Stack & Queue 1
Chapter 3 Stacks & Queues Templates in C++ The Stack ADT The Queue ADT SubTypeing & Inheritance in C++ A Mazing Problem Evaluation of Expressions Multiple Stacks & Queues March 30, 2015 Stack & Queue 1
More informationStacks and their Applications
Stacks and their Applications Lecture 23 Sections 18.1-18.2 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Mar 16, 2018 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College) Stacks and their Applications Fri, Mar 16, 2018
More informationCSE Data Structures and Algorithms... In Java! Stacks. CSE2100 DS & Algorithms 1
CSE 2100 Data Structures and Algorithms... In Java Stacks 1 What is Stack A stack is a collection of objects that are inserted and removed according to the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. Internet
More informationADTs Stack and Queue. Outline
Chapter 5 ADTs Stack and Queue Fall 2017 Yanjun Li CS2200 1 Outline Stack Array-based Implementation Linked Implementation Queue Array-based Implementation Linked Implementation Comparison Fall 2017 Yanjun
More informationStacks. Chapter 5. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Stacks Chapter 5 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Contents Specifications of the ADT Stack Using a Stack to Process Algebraic Expressions A Problem Solved: Checking for Balanced
More informationthe Stack stack ADT using the STL stack are parentheses balanced? algorithm uses a stack adapting the STL vector class adapting the STL list class
the Stack 1 The Stack Abstract Data Type stack ADT using the STL stack 2 An Application: Test Expressions are parentheses balanced? algorithm uses a stack 3 Stack Implementations adapting the STL vector
More informationExceptions and Design
Exceptions and Exceptions and Table of contents 1 Error Handling Overview Exceptions RuntimeExceptions 2 Exceptions and Overview Exceptions RuntimeExceptions Exceptions Exceptions and Overview Exceptions
More informationTop of the Stack. Stack ADT
Module 3: Stack ADT Dr. Natarajan Meghanathan Professor of Computer Science Jackson State University Jackson, MS 39217 E-mail: natarajan.meghanathan@jsums.edu Stack ADT Features (Logical View) A List that
More informationCS : Data Structures
CS 600.226: Data Structures Michael Schatz Sept 23, 2016 Lecture 9: Stacks Assignment 3: Due Sunday Sept 25 @ 10pm Remember: javac Xlint:all & checkstyle *.java & JUnit Solutions should be independently
More informationSome Applications of Stack. Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 1
Some Applications of Stack Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 1 Arithmetic Expressions Polish Notation Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 2 What is Polish Notation? Conventionally,
More informationADTs: Stacks and Queues
Introduction to the Stack ADTs: Stack: a data structure that holds a collection of elements of the same type. - The elements are accessed according to LIFO order: last in, first out - No random access
More informationdouble d0, d1, d2, d3; double * dp = new double[4]; double da[4];
All multiple choice questions are equally weighted. You can generally assume that code shown in the questions is intended to be syntactically correct, unless something in the question or one of the answers
More informationBBM 201 DATA STRUCTURES
BBM 201 DATA STRUCTURES Lecture 6: Stacks and Queues 2015-2016 Fall Stacks A list on which insertion and deletion can be performed. Based on Last-in-First-out (LIFO) Stacks are used for a number of applications:
More informationData Structures and Algorithms
Data Structures and Algorithms First Semester 2017/2018 Linked Lists Eng. Anis Nazer Linked List ADT Is a list of nodes Each node has: data (can be any thing, int, char, Person, Point, day,...) link to
More informationCSE 143. Complexity Analysis. Program Efficiency. Constant Time Statements. Big Oh notation. Analyzing Loops. Constant Time Statements (2) CSE 143 1
CSE 1 Complexity Analysis Program Efficiency [Sections 12.1-12., 12., 12.9] Count number of instructions executed by program on inputs of a given size Express run time as a function of the input size Assume
More informationl Determine if a number is odd or even l Determine if a number/character is in a range - 1 to 10 (inclusive) - between a and z (inclusive)
Final Exam Exercises Chapters 1-7 + 11 Write C++ code to: l Determine if a number is odd or even CS 2308 Fall 2016 Jill Seaman l Determine if a number/character is in a range - 1 to 10 (inclusive) - between
More informationLinked Structures Chapter 13. Instructor: Scott Kristjanson CMPT 125/125 SFU Burnaby, Fall 2013
Linked Structures Chapter 13 Instructor: Scott Kristjanson CMPT 125/125 SFU Burnaby, Fall 2013 2 Scope Introduction to Linked Structures: Object references as links Linked vs. array-based structures Managing
More informationTop of the Stack. Stack ADT
Module 3: Stack ADT Dr. Natarajan Meghanathan Professor of Computer Science Jackson State University Jackson, MS 39217 E-mail: natarajan.meghanathan@jsums.edu Stack ADT Features (Logical View) A List that
More informationCMSC 341 Lecture 6 Templates, Stacks & Queues. Based on slides by Shawn Lupoli & Katherine Gibson at UMBC
CMSC 341 Lecture 6 Templates, Stacks & Queues Based on slides by Shawn Lupoli & Katherine Gibson at UMBC Today s Topics Data types in C++ Overloading functions Templates How to implement them Possible
More informationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science. First Examination
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science First Examination CS 225 Data Structures and Software Principles Spring 2007 7p-9p, Thursday, March 1 Name: NetID: Lab Section
More informationAssertion. C++ Object Oriented Programming Pei-yih Ting NTOU CS
Assertion C++ Object Oriented Programming Pei-yih Ting NTOU CS 1 Contents Errors Error handling in procedural programming language Error messages vs. error codes Modifying interface to help the client
More informationQueues. Stacks and Queues
Queues Reading: RS Chapter 14 Slides are modified from those provided by Marty Stepp www.buildingjavaprograms.com 1 Stacks and Queues Sometimes a less powerful, but highly optimized collection is useful.
More informationData Structure using C++ Lecture 04. Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter , 3.2, 3.2.1
Data Structure using C++ Lecture 04 Reading Material Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter. 3 3.1, 3.2, 3.2.1 Summary Stack Operations on a stack Representing stacks Converting an expression
More informationProgramming Abstractions
Programming Abstractions C S 1 0 6 B Cynthia Lee Compound Containers I t s t u r t l e s a l l t h e w a y down Comparing two similar codes: Vector numbers; numbers.add(1); numbers.add(2); numbers.add(3);
More informationCS106X Handout 25 Autumn 2012 October 23 rd, 2012 CS106X Midterm Examination
CS106X Handout 25 Autumn 2012 October 23 rd, 2012 CS106X Midterm Examination This is closed book, closed notes, closed reader, closed everything exam. If you re taking the exam remotely, you can telephone
More informationSolving a 2D Maze. const int WIDTH = 10; const int HEIGHT = 10;
Solving a 2D Maze Let s use a 2D array to represent a maze. Let s start with a 10x10 array of char. The array of char can hold either X for a wall, for a blank, and E for the exit. Initially we can hard-code
More informationProgramming Abstractions
Programming Abstractions C S 1 0 6 B Cynthia Lee Today s Topics HW Tips QT Creator dos & don ts ADTs Stack Example: Reverse-Polish Notation calculator Queue Event queues QT Creator A F E W W A R N I N
More informationChapter 18: Stacks And Queues
Chapter 18: Stacks And Queues 18.1 Introduction to the Stack ADT Introduction to the Stack ADT Stack: a LIFO (last in, first out) data structure Examples: plates in a cafeteria return addresses for function
More information3.1 Arrays Representation and basic operations
Chapter 3 Arrays and Vectors 3.1 Arrays Representation and basic operations Array is a very basic and one of the simplest and most widely used data structure provided by every programming language. In
More informationCS 2150 Exam 1, Spring 2018 Page 1 of 6 UVa userid:
CS 2150 Exam 1, Spring 2018 Page 1 of 6 UVa userid: CS 2150 Exam 1 Name You MUST write your e-mail ID on EACH page and put your name on the top of this page, too. If you are still writing when pens down
More informationCISC-235. At this point we fnally turned our atention to a data structure: the stack
CISC-235 20180918 At this point we fnally turned our atention to a data structure: the stack A stack is our frst example of an Abstract Data Type: we specify the operations we need to be able to perform
More informationCS106X Handout 35 Winter 2018 March 12 th, 2018 CS106X Midterm Examination
CS106X Handout 35 Winter 2018 March 12 th, 2018 CS106X Midterm Examination This is an open-book, open-note, closed-electronic-device exam. You needn t write #includes, and you may (and you re even encouraged
More informationCS 211 Programming Practicum Spring 2018
Due: Thursday, 4/5/18 at 11:59 pm Infix Expression Evaluator Programming Project 5 For this lab, write a C++ program that will evaluate an infix expression. The algorithm REQUIRED for this program will
More informationLecture No.04. Data Structures
Lecture No.04 Data Structures Josephus Problem #include "CList.cpp" void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CList list; int i, N=10, M=3; for(i=1; i
More informationCS24 Week 4 Lecture 2
CS24 Week 4 Lecture 2 Kyle Dewey Overview Linked Lists Stacks Queues Linked Lists Linked Lists Idea: have each chunk (called a node) keep track of both a list element and another chunk Need to keep track
More informationBasic Data Structures
Basic Data Structures Some Java Preliminaries Generics (aka parametrized types) is a Java mechanism that enables the implementation of collection ADTs that can store any type of data Stack s1
More informationChapter 18: Stacks And Queues. Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Chapter 18: Stacks And Queues Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright Publishing as Pearson 2009 Addison-Wesley Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 18.1 Introduction to
More informationIntroduction to the Stack. Stacks and Queues. Stack Operations. Stack illustrated. elements of the same type. Week 9. Gaddis: Chapter 18
Stacks and Queues Week 9 Gaddis: Chapter 18 CS 5301 Fall 2015 Jill Seaman Introduction to the Stack Stack: a data structure that holds a collection of elements of the same type. - The elements are accessed
More informationCS 211 Programming Practicum Fall 2018
Due: Wednesday, 11/7/18 at 11:59 pm Infix Expression Evaluator Programming Project 5 For this lab, write a C++ program that will evaluate an infix expression. The algorithm REQUIRED for this program will
More informationCS 106B Lecture 5: Stacks and Queues
CS 106B Lecture 5: Stacks and Queues Monday, July 3, 2017 Programming Abstractions Summer 2017 Stanford University Computer Science Department Lecturer: Chris Gregg reading: Programming Abstractions in
More informationAn Introduction to Queues With Examples in C++
An Introduction to Queues With Examples in C++ Prof. David Bernstein James Madison University Computer Science Department bernstdh@jmu.edu Motivation Queues are very straightforward but are slightly more
More information