Looping statement While loop

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1 Looping statement It is also called a Repetitive control structure. Sometimes we require a set of statements to be executed a number of times by changing the value of one or more variables each time to obtain a different result. This type of program execution is called looping. C++ provides the following construct while loop do-while loop for loop While loop Syntax of while loop while(condition) statement(s); The flow diagram indicates that a condition is first evaluated. If the condition is true, the loop body is executed and the condition is re-evaluated. Hence, the loop body is executed repeatedly as long as the condition remains true. As soon as the condition becomes false, it comes out of the loop and goes to the statement next to the while loop. Write a program to print DPSMIS 5 times by using While loop. int i=1; while(i<=5) cout<<"\ndpsmis"; i++; Write a program to print first 5 natural numbers by using While loop. int i=1; while(i<=5) i++;

2 Write a program to print all the even numbers between 1 to 10 by using while loop. int i=2; while(i<=10) i=i+2; Write a program to print all the odd numbers between 10 to 1 using while loop. int i=9; while(i>=1) i=i-2; Write a program to print the following series : upto 25 terms.

3 Long int a=0,b=1,c,t=1; cout<<a<<" "<<b; while(t<=23) c=a+b; cout<<c<<" "; a=b; b=c; i++; Write a program to print the sum of digits of a given number. int num,a,sum=0; cout<<"\nenter the number\t\t\t"; cin>>num; while(num>0) a=num%10; sum=sum+a; num=num/10; cout<<"\nthe sum of digits of the number is\t"<<sum; Write a program to reverse the number.

4 int num,a,rev=0; cout<<"\nenter the number\t"; cin>>num; while(num>0) a=num%10; rev=rev*10+a; // rev is a variable multiply by 10 for place value num=num/10; cout<<"\nthe Reverse number is\t"<<rev; do-while loop Syntax of do-while loop do statements; while (condition); Note : That the loop body is always executed at least once. One important difference between the while loop and the do-while loop the relative ordering of the conditional test and loop body execution. In the while loop, the loop repetition test is performed before each execution the loop body; the loop body is not executed at all if the initial test fail. In the do-while loop, the loop termination test is Performed after each execution of the loop body. hence, the loop body is always executed atleast once. Write a program to print DPSMIS 5 times by using Do While loop. int i=1; do cout<<"\ndpsmis"; i++;

5 while(i<=5); Write a program to print first 5 natural numbers by using Do-While loop. int i=1; do i++; while(i<=5); Write a program to print all the even numbers between 1 to 10 by using do while loop. int i=2; do i=i+2; while(i<=10);

6 Write a program to print all the odd numbers between 10 to 1 by using do while loop. int i=9; //Variable I is initialized with a value 9 do i=i-2; while(i>=1); Write a program to print the following series : upto 25 terms. long int a=0,b=1,c,i=1; cout<<a<<" "<<b; do c=a+b; cout<<c<<" "; a=b; b=c; i++; while(i<=23);

7 for loop It is a count controlled loop in the sense that the program knows in advance how many times the loop is to be executed. syntax of for loop for (initialization; decision; increment/decrement) statement(s); The flow diagram indicates that in for loop three operations take place: Initialization of loop control variable. Ex. int t=1; Testing of loop control variable. Ex. (t<=10) Update the loop control variable either by incrementing or decrementing. Ex. t++; If the TEST-condition is true, the program executes the body of the loop and then the value of loop control variable is updated. Again it checks the TESTcondition and so on. If the TEST-condition is false, it gets out of the loop. Write a program to display name five times. int i; for(i=1; i<=5; i++) cout<< \ndpsmis ; Write a program to find first 10 natural numbers. int i; for(i=1; i<=10; i++) cout<<"\n"<<i;

8 Write a program to input all the even number between 1 to 10. int i; for(i=2; i<=10; i+=2) cout<<"\n"<<i; Write a program to input all the odd numbers between 1 to 10. int i; for(i=1; i<=10; i+=2) cout<<"\n"<<i; Write a program to find the sum of all the even numbers between 1 to 100.

9 int i, sum=0; for(i=2; i<=100; i+=2) sum=sum+i; cout<<"\nsum\t"<<sum; Write a program to input a number and find its factorial. int i,n,fact=1; cout<<"\nenter the number\t\t"; cin>>n; for(i=1; i<=n; i++) fact=fact*i; cout<<"\nfactorial of\t"<<n<<"\tis\t"<<fact; Write a program to find the sum of the following series : 1, 1/2, 1/3,... 1/15 float sum=0,i; for(i=1; i<=15; i++) sum=sum+1/i;

10 cout<<"\nthe sum of the given series is\t"<<sum; Write a program to display the given series : upto 25 terms. int a=0,b=1,c,i; cout<<a<<" "<<b; for(i=1; i<=23; i++) c=a+b; cout<<c<<" "; a=b b=c; Print the following pattern : int i,n; cout<<"\nenter the value of n\t";

11 cin>>n; for(i=1; i<=n; i++) cout<<"*\n"; Nested loop: It is a loop can be nested inside of another loop. Syntax: Nested for loop: for ( init; condition; updation ) for ( init; condition; updation) statement(s); statement(s); // you can put more statements. Print the following pattern : int r,c,i,j; cout<<"\nhow many rows and columns?\t"; cin>>r>>c; for(i=0;i<r;i++) for(j=0;j<c;j++) cout<<"*"; cout<<"\n";

12 int n,i,j; cout<<"\nenter the value of n\t"; cin>>n; for(i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<"\n"; for(j=1;j<=i;j++) cout<<"*"; cout<<"\n"; int n,i,j; cout<<"\nenter the value of n\t"; cin>>n; for(i=n;i>0;i--)

13 cout<<"\n"; for(j=i;j>0;j--) cout<<"*"; cout<<"\n"; Loop Control Statements/ Jump Statements: Control Statement Description Syntax: break Terminates the loop or switch statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the loop or switch. break; continue goto statement Causes the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating. It provides an unconditional jump from the goto to a labeled statement in the same function. A label is made of a valid identifier followed by a colon(:). continue; goto label;... label: statement; exit() function The execution of a program can be stopped at any point with exit ( ) and a status code/value can be informed to the calling program, where code is an integer value. The code has a value 0 for correct execution. The value of the code varies depending upon the operating system. It requires <stdlib.h> header file. exit (value) ;

14 Source Code: Output //break #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> clrscr(); for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) if(i%4==0) break; //continue #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> clrscr(); for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) if(i%4==0) continue; // break and continue #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> clrscr(); int x=0,y,sum=0; cout<< Enter a number:: ; cin>>y; while(1) x+=1; if(x>y) break; if(y%x!=0) continue; sum=sum+x; Enter a number::10 Sum of factores:: 18

15 cout<< Sum of factores:: <<sum; //goto statement #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> clrscr(); const int maxinput = 3; int i; double number, average, sum=0.0; for(i=1; i<=maxinput; i++) cout<<"enter a number: "; cin>>number; // for negative number, control moves to label jump if(number < 0.0) goto jump; sum += number; // sum = sum+number; Enter a number:3 Enter a number:-1 Sum = 3 Average = 3 jump: average=sum/(i-1); cout<<"sum = "<< sum<<endl; cout<<"average "<<average; //exit function #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> // for exit() clrscr(); cout<<"executed"; exit(0); cout<<"program doesn t exist"; executed

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