Python Day 3 11/28/16
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1 Python Day 3 11/28/16
2 Objectives Review Concepts Types of Errors Escape sequences String functions
3 Find the Errors bookcost = int(input("how much is the book: ")) discount = float(input("what is the discount: ") numbooks = input("how many books are you buying: ") productcost = (bookcost* 1-discount)*numBooks shippingcost = 3 + (totalbooks-1)*.75 totalcost = productcost + shippingcost print( Your total cost is + totalcost)
4 Types of Errors Syntax Errors Interpreter doesn t understand your code. Common issues: using a keyword that doesn t exist, using a variable name in an equation that hasn t been defined, missing parentheses, assignment issues. Semantic Errors Syntax Ok, but logically incorrect. Wrong formula or just bad logic. Need to test code and make sure you get expected results. Runtime Errors Error doesn t occur until runtime. Frequency of error may vary based on user input or runtime conditions.
5 Review Object data types: int, float and bool. Math Operations: + - / * // % ** Functions: print(), type(), int(), float(), str(), input() Assigning variables values: pi = 3.14 Concatenating strings using + mystring = name + is + str(age) + years old x= input( enter value ) user info saved in x as a string.
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8 review input() function x= input( enter value ) user info saved in x as a string. If you need to work with numbers, convert x into float or int as appropriate. x = float(x)
9 Review concatenating strings Strings can be concatenated using the + sign. mystring = name + is + str(age) + years old Separate strings added together. age was converted into a string before being added.
10 Review comments Comments appear after a # These are very valuable as they help a user understand decisions that the programmer has made. Each program should have a comment at the top indicating author and program purpose. i.e. #Jane Smith #This program calculates tip #for user based on meal price #and gratuity percentage.
11 Review Converting data types We can convert an object of one type to another by using the name of the type as a function: float(3) returns the value 3.0 int(3.9) truncates to 3 x = 5.6 x = int(5.6) #x now has value 5. int function does not round to nearest integer, it truncates at decimal point.
12 Review Converting data types Be careful that you save the return values from the functions: y = 2 y = float(2) print(y) #what prints? x = 3.4 int(x) print(x) #what prints? You must save the value that is returned from the function inside the same variable or another variable. Otherwise the change will be lost. This can be useful because sometimes you don t want a permanent change: print( The value is + str(y)) #print as a string but keep data type a float
13 Do Now Tip Calculator Create a tip calculator for a user. Prompt user for meal total and the percentage that they want to leave for a tip. Output tip total and final amount. Example run: >>>Enter total meal cost: $80.00 Enter tip percentage: %20 Tip amount is $16. Total is $96.
14 More options for print() So far, we have printed all of our output on to one line. Sometimes, we want it to appear on separate lines. Use three single quotes and then format code as you want it to print out. print (""" There's something going on here. With the three double-quotes. We'll be able to type as much as we like. Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6. """)
15 Try In the shell type something using the three double quotes so that it appears on multiple lines.
16 Escape sequences Escape sequences allow us to print characters that otherwise we could not \n new line \t tab \ allows us to print a double quote \ allows us to print a single quote \\ back slash
17 Example Use in a variable: winter = Winter:\nDec\nJan\nFeb\nMarch print(winter) Use in a print statement: print( She said:\n \ no thanks\n\ )
18 To Do: In shell, print the following exactly as it appears below: If one advances confidently in the direction of their dreams and endeavors to live the life which they have imagined, they will meet a success unexpected in common hours. -Henry David Thoreau
19 strings Nonscalar objects are different from the types we have seen: int, float, bools in that they have an internal structure which can be accessed. The str object is the simplest of these. Literals of type string can be written with double or single quotes: abc abc 123 string, not a number
20 Operators on strings
21 Extracting Parts of strings
22 Examples
23 More useful string operations string.upper()return a copy of string, but with lower case letters converted to upper case. string.lower()return a copy of string, but with upper case letters converted to lower case. string.find(sub[, start[, end]])return the lowest index in string where the substring sub is found such that sub is wholly contained in s[start:end]. Return -1 on failure. Defaults for start and end and interpretation of negative values is the same as for slices. string.replace(old, new[, maxreplace])return a copy of string with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxreplace is given, the first maxreplace occurrences are replaced. len(string) Returns the number of characters in a string.
24 Examples
25 Try Write a program that asks a user for their name. Convert name to all lower case. Replace all vowels with characters of your choice. Output their name Example: Name: Alison Converted: 4l1s0n **Output the last character of their name. Should work correctly for any length name Last Char: n
26 Name that Celebrity Write a program, celebrity.py that stores 3 celebrity names in variables. Encrypt the names by removing first two characters and last three characters. Output the encrypted names and wait for user to guess who they think it is. Once they have guessed, report their guess and the correct answer.
27 Run celeb.py Example Run
28 Extension Make this game something that can change each time by updating the celebrities. This will require you to write your code so that any celebrity name can be encrypted. Hint: Don t forget about the len() method.
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