IEC : Programming Industrial Automation Systems

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1 IEC : Programming Industrial Automation Systems Concepts and Programming Languages, Requirements for Programming Systems, Decision-Making Aids Bearbeitet von Karl-Heinz John, Michael Tiegelkamp 2nd Edition Buch. vi, 390 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 760 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Elektronik > Überwachungstechnik Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents 1 Introduction Subject of the Book The IEC standard Goals and benefits of the standard...12 Manufacturers (PLC hardware and software) Users History and components The Organisation PLCopen Aims of PLCopen Committees and fields of activity Results Building Blocks of IEC Introduction to the New Standard Structure of the building blocks...22 Declaration of variables...22 Code part of a POU Introductory example written in IL PLC assignment The Program Organisation Unit (POU) Elements of a POU Example Declaration part...34 Types of variables in POUs...35 Characteristics of the POU interface...36 External and internal access to POU variables Code part The Function Block Instances of function blocks...41 What is an instance? Instance means structure...43 Instance means memory...45 Relationship between FB instances and data blocks Re-usable and object-oriented FBs Types of variables in FBs...47

3 2 Contents 2.5 The Function Types of variables in functions and the function value The Program The Execution control with EN and ENO Calling Functions and Function Blocks Mutual calls of POUs Recursive calls are invalid Extendibility and overloading Calling with formal parameters Calls with input parameters omitted or in a different order FB instances as actual FB parameters...60 Example of an indirect FB call FB instance names as actual parameters of functions Function values as actual parameters Initialisation of FB instances Summary of POU Features Variables, Data Types and Common Elements Simple Language Elements Reserved keywords Literals and Identifiers Literals Identifiers Comments Pragmas Meanings of Data Types and Variables From direct PLC addresses via symbols to variables The data type determines the properties of variables Type-specific use of variables Automatic mapping of variables onto the PLC Data Types Elementary data types Derived data types (type definition)...79 Additional properties for elementary data types...80 Arrays Data structures Initial values in type definitions Generic data types Variables Inputs, outputs and flags as special variables Multi-element variables: arrays and structures Assignment of initial values at the start of a program Attributes of variable types Graphical representation of variable declarations...95

4 Contents 3 4 The Programming Languages of IEC Instruction List IL Instruction in IL The universal accumulator (Current Result) Operators Negation of the operand Nesting levels by parenthesis Conditional execution of operators Using functions and function blocks Calling a function Calling a function block IL example: Mountain railway Structured Text ST ST statements Expression: Partial statement in ST Operands Operators Function as operator Statement: Assignment Statement: Call of function blocks Statement: RETURN Statement: Selection and Multi- selection Selection Multi-selection Statement: Iteration WHILE and REPEAT statements FOR statement EXIT statement Example: Stereo cassette recorder Function Block Diagram FBD Networks, graphical elements and connections of LD and FBD Network label Network comment Network graphic Network architecture in FBD Graphical objects in FBD Connections Execution control (jumps) Call of functions and function blocks Programming methods in FBD Network evaluation Feedback variable Example: Stereo cassette recorder Comments on the networks of Example 4.25 and Example Ladder Diagram LD Networks, graphical elements and connections (LD) Network architecture in LD...147

5 4 Contents Graphical objects in LD Connections Contacts and coils Execution control Call of functions and function blocks Programming methods in LD Network evaluation Feedback variable Example in Ladder Diagram: Mountain railway Comments on the mountain railway networks The American way of Ladder programming Network Layout Module addresses and memory areas Sequential Function Chart SFC Step / Transition combination Step - transition sequence Detailed description of steps and transitions Step Transition Step execution using action blocks and actions Detailed description of actions and action blocks Actions Action block Relationship between step, transition, action and action block Action qualifiers and execution control Qualifier Sequential control Example: Dino Park Comments on the network for the dinosaur park Standardised PLC Functionality Standard Functions Overloaded and extensible functions Overloaded functions Extensible functions Examples Type conversion functions Numerical functions Arithmetic functions Bit-shift functions Bitwise Boolean functions Selection functions Comparison functions Character string functions Functions for time data types Functions for enumerated data types...222

6 Contents Standard Function Blocks Examples Bistable element (flip-flop) Edge detection Counter Timer State-of-the-Art PLC Configuration Structuring Projects with Configuration Elements Elements of a Real-World PLC Configuration Configuration Elements Definitions The CONFIGURATION The RESOURCE The TASK with run-time program ACCESS declarations Configuration Example Communication between Configurations and POUs Innovative PLC Programming Systems Requirements of Innovative Programming Tools Decompilation (Reverse Documentation) No decompilation Decompilation with symbols and comments Decompilation including graphics Sources stored in the PLC Language Compatibility Cross-compilation The motivation for cross-compilation Different approaches in graphical and textual languages Differences in languages affect cross-compilation Restrictions in LD/ FBD Restrictions in IL/ ST Cross-compilation IL / ST Full cross-compilation only with additional information Quality criteria for cross-compilation Language independence Documentation Cross-reference list Allocation list (wiring list) Comments Project Manager Test & Commissioning Functions Program transfer Online modification of a program Remote control: Starting and stopping the PLC Variable and program status Forcing...272

7 6 Contents Program test Testing Sequential Function Chart programs Data Blocks and Recipes FB Interconnection Data exchange and co-ordination of blocks in distributed systems Macro techniques in FB interconnection Diagnostics, Error Detection and Error Handling Error concept of IEC Extended error handling model (beyond IEC) Hardware Dependence Main Advantages of IEC Convenience and Security with Variables and Data Types Blocks with Extended Capabilities PLC Configuration with Run-Time Behaviour Uniform Programming Languages Structured PLC Programs Trend towards Open PLC Programming Systems Conclusion Programming by Configuring with IEC Programming by FB Interconnection with IEC IEC The Programming Standard for Distributed PLC Systems System model Device model Resource model Application model Function block model Composite function blocks Creating an application Overview of the Parts of IEC Contents of CD-ROM and DVD IEC Programming Systems STEP 7 and OpenPCS Demo versions of STEP 7 (Siemens) and OpenPCS (infoteam) IL examples Buyer s Guide for IEC PLC Programming Systems...306,

8 Contents 7 A Standard Functions A.1 Type Conversion Functions A.2 Numerical Functions A.3 Arithmetic Functions A.4 Bit-Shift Functions A.5 Bitwise Boolean Functions A.6 Selection Functions for Max., Min. and Limit A.7 Selection Functions for Binary Selection and Multiplexers A.8 Comparison Functions A.9 Character String Functions A.10 Functions for Time Data Types A.11 Functions for Enumerated Data Types B Standard Function Blocks B.1 Bistable Elements (Flip-Flops) B.2 Edge Detection B.3 Counters B.4 Timers C IL Examples C.1 Example of a FUNCTION C.2 Example of a FUNCTION_BLOCK C.3 Example of a PROGRAM D Standard Data Types E Causes of Error F Implementation-Dependent Parameters G IL Syntax Example G.1 Syntax Diagrams for IL G.2 IL Example from Syntax Diagrams H Reserved Keywords and Delimiters H.1 Reserved Keywords H.2 Delimiters...367

9 8 Contents I Glossary J Bibliography K Index Author Biographies Karl-Heinz John Michael Tiegelkamp...389

The Cinderella.2 Manual

The Cinderella.2 Manual Working with The Interactive Geometry Software Bearbeitet von Ulrich H Kortenkamp, Jürgen Richter-Gebert 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xiv, 458 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 34924 2 Format