TRANSACTIONS OVER HBASE
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1 TRANSACTIONS OVER HBASE Alex Gary Continuuity
2 WHO WE ARE We ve built Continuuity Reactor: the world s first scale-out application server for Hadoop Fast, easy development, deployment and management of Hadoop and apps Continuuity team has years of experience in using and contributing to Open Source, and we intend to continue doing so. 2
3 AGENDA Transactions in stream processing: Why? What? Implementation: How? Omid-style transactions explained Transaction Manager What s next? 3
4 THE REACTOR Continuuity Reactor is an app platform built on Hadoop and Collect, Process, Store, and Query data. A Flow is a real-time processor with exactly-once guarantee A flow is composed of flowlets, connected via queues All processing happens with ACID guarantees in transactions 4
5 PROCESSING IN A FLOW Queue... Flowlet... Table
6 PROCESSING IN A FLOW Queue... Flowlet... Table
7 PROCESSING IN A FLOW Queue... Flowlet... Table... 7
8 TRANSACTIONS: WHAT? Atomic - Entire transaction is committed as one Consistent - No partial state change due to failure Isolated - No dirty reads, transaction is only visible after commit Durable - Once committed, data is persisted reliably 8
9 WHAT ABOUT HBASE? Atomic operations on cell value: checkandput, checkanddelete, increment, append Atomic batch of operations on rows within region No cross region atomic operations support No cross table atomic operations support No multi-rpc atomic operations support 9
10 IMPLEMENTATION OVERVIEW 10
11 OMID-STYLE TRANSACTIONS Multi-Version Concurrency Control Cell version (timestamp) = transaction ID All writes in the same transaction use the transaction ID as timestamp Reads exclude other, uncommitted transactions (for isolation) Optimistic Concurrency Control Conflict detection at commit of transaction Write Conflict: two overlapping transactions write the same row Rollback of one transaction in case of conflict (whichever commits later) 11
12 OPTIMISTIC CONCURRENCY CONTROL Avoids cost of locking rows and tables No deadlocks or lock escalations Cost of conflict detection and possible rollback is higher Good if conflicts are rare: short transaction, disjoint partitioning of work 12
13 TRANSACTIONS IN CONTEXT ZooKeeper Client 1 (active) (standby) Client 2 Master 1 RS 1 RS 3 Client N Master 2 RS 2 RS 4 13
14 TRANSACTION LIFE CYCLE Client RPC API start tx start start tx write to do work in progress try commit commit check conflicts roll back in try abort failed none time out failed succeeded abort complete V invalidate invalid X
15 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1002 row1:col Client 1 Client 2 15
16 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE start write = 1002 row1:col Client 1 write = 1002 Client 2 16
17 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE start write = 1003 inprogress=[1002] row1:col Client 1 write = 1002 Client 2 17
18 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1003 inprogress=[1002] row1:col Client 1 increment write = 1002 Client 2 18
19 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1003 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col Client 1 increment write = 1002 Client 2 19
20 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1003 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col Client 1 start write = 1002 Client 2 write = 1003 excluded=[1002] 20
21 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1004 inprogress=[1002, 1003] row1:col row1:col Client 1 start write = 1002 Client 2 write = 1003 excluded=[1002] 21
22 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1004 inprogress=[1002, 1003] row1:col row1:col Client 1 row1:col write = 1002 Client 2 increment write = 1003 excluded=[1002] 22
23 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1004 inprogress=[1002, 1003] row1:col row1:col Client 1 row1:col write = 1002 Client 2 commit write = 1003 excluded=[1002] 23
24 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col Client 1 row1:col write = 1002 Client 2 commit write = 1003 excluded=[1002] 24
25 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 commit write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 25
26 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 conflict! write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 26
27 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] rollback row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 27
28 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col Client 1 write = 1002 rollback row1:col Client 2 28
29 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 abort write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col Client 2 29
30 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 abort write = 1004 inprogress=[] row1:col row1:col Client 2 30
31 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 abort write = 1004 read = 1003 inprogress=[] row1:col row1:col Client 2 31
32 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1005 read = 1003 inprogress=[] row1:col Client 1 start row1:col Client 2 write = 1004 read =
33 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1005 read = 1003 inprogress=[] row1:col Client 1 row1:col read Client 2 write = 1004 read =
34 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 conflict! write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 34
35 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] rollback row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 35
36 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] rollback failed row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 36
37 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 invalidate write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 37
38 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 write = 1002 invalidate write = 1004 read = 1003 inprogress=[] invalid=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 38
39 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE Client 1 start write = 1005 read = 1003 inprogress=[] invalid=[1002] row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 write = 1004 read = 1003 exclude = [1002] 39
40 CLIENT SIDE: TX AWARE write = 1005 read = 1003 inprogress=[] invalid=[1002] row1:col row1:col invisible! Client 1 row1:col read Client 2 write = 1004 read = 1003 exclude = [1002] 40
41 TRANSACTION MANAGER Create new transactions Provides monotonically increasing write pointers Maintains all in-progress, committed, and invalid transactions Detect conflicts Transaction = Write Pointer: Timestamp for writes Read pointer: Upper bound timestamp for reads Excludes: List of timestamps to exclude from reads 41
42 TRANSACTION MANAGER Simple & Fast All required state is in-memory Single point of failure? Persist all state to a write-ahead log Secondary watches for failure of Primary Failover can happen quickly 42
43 TRANSACTION MANAGER start() Current State read point write point in progress committed invalid 43
44 TRANSACTION MANAGER start() Current State read point write point ++ in progress (+) committed invalid HDFS Tx Log started, <write pt> 44
45 TRANSACTION MANAGER commit() Current State read point write point in progress (-) committed (+) invalid HDFS Tx Log start, <write pt> commit, <write pt> 45
46 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Write-ahead log provides persistence Guarantees point-in-time recovery Longer the log grows, longer recovery takes Periodically write snapshot of full transaction state Snapshot + all new logs provides full state 46
47 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Tx Log A Current State read point write point in progress committed invalid HDFS 47
48 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Tx Log A Current State read point write point in progress committed invalid 1 HDFS Tx Log B 48
49 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Tx Log A Current State read point 2 write point in progress State Snapshot committed read point write invalidpoint in progress committed invalid HDFS Tx Log B 49
50 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Tx Log A Current State read point write point in progress State Snapshot committed read point write invalidpoint in progress committed invalid 3 HDFS Tx Log B Tx Snapshot read point write point in progress committed invalid 50
51 TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTS Current State read point write point in progress State Snapshot committed read point write invalidpoint in progress committed invalid 4 HDFS Tx Log A Tx Log B Tx Snapshot read point write point in progress committed invalid 51
52 TRANSACTION CLEANUP Client 1 write = 1002 write = 1004 inprogress=[1002] rollback failed row1:col row1:col row1:col Client 2 52
53 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR RegionObserver coprocessor Maintains in-memory snapshot of recent invalid & in-progress sets Periodically updates from transaction snapshot in HDFS Purges data from invalid transactions and older versions on flush & compaction 53
54 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] refresh Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] MemStore row1:col committed = [] invalid = [1002] preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile 54
55 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile 55
56 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile row1:col
57 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile row1:col
58 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile row1:col
59 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile row1:col
60 TRANSACTION CLEANUP: DATA JANITOR Tx Snapshot read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] Data Janitor (RegionObserver) read point = 1003 write point = 1005 in progress = [1004] committed = [] invalid = [1002] MemStore row1:col preflush() Custom RegionScanner HFile row1:col
61 WHAT S NEXT? Open Source Continue Scaling Transaction Groups? Integration across other transactional stores 61
62 QS? Looking for the chance to work with a team that is defining a new category within Big Data?! We are hiring! careers@continuuity.com 62
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