1 Marks Questions along with answers Topic: Programming in C++

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1 1 Marks Questions with answers : Programming in C++ 1 Marks Questions along with answers Topic: Programming in C++ Class XII Ques 1. Answer: Ques 2. Answer: Ques 3. Answer: Ques 4. Answer: Ques 5. Answer: Name the header files to which the following belong (i) toupper() (ii) fabs() toupper( ) belongs to ctype.h, fabs( ) belongs to math.h Reusability of classes is one of the major properties of OOPs. How it is implemented in C++. Inheritance is the capability of one class of things to inherit capabilities or properties from another class. In C++ class inheriting its properties from another class is known as derived class. The class whose properties are inherited is known as base class. A derived class inherit properties from its base class thereby reuse a class. Hence inheritance implements reusability in C++. What do you mean by self-referential structure? Explain with an example A structure having a member element that refers to the structure itself is called self-referential structure for example: struct abc int a; abc *p; ; Explain nested structure with an example? A structure containing another structure is called nested of structure. struct Address.. ; struct emp Address A1; ; What is the significance of access specifiers in a class? A class provides three access labels private, protected and public. A member declared as private or protected remains hidden from outside world and it can only be access by the member functions of the class. A member declared as public is made available to the outside the world. Compiled By : Deepak Singh Gosain [PGT-CS, K.V. 2 Hubli]

2 1 Marks Questions with answers : Programming in C++ Ques 6. Answer: Ques7: What do you mean by inline function? explain with an example A inline function definition start with the keyword inline it is expended where it is declared for example inline float Square(float x) cout<<x * x; Write the names of the header files, which is/are essentially required to run/execute the following C++ code: void main() char CH,Text[]= +ve Attitude ; for(int I=0;Text[I]!= \0 ;I++) if(text[i]== ) else cout<<endl; CH=toupper(Text[I]); cout<<ch; Answer: Ques 8. Answer: Ques 9. Answer: Ques 10. Answer: iostream.h and ctype.h What is the difference between a and a? a is a character so it will occupy one byte in memory but a is a string so it will occupy two bytes in memory. How data and functions are organized in Object Oriented Programming? In Object Oriented Programming both data and functions are organized into a Single unit known as class. Why char is often treated as integer data type? The memory implementation of char data type is in terms of the associated number Code i.e. ASCII code which is integer. Therefore it is treated as int. Ques 11. When we should make a function inline and why? Answer: (1) The function is small, called often and not returning any value. (2) The function does contain a loop,switch or a goto. (3) It is not containing static variables and not recursive. Compiled By : Deepak Singh Gosain [PGT-CS, K.V. 2 Hubli]

3 1 Marks Questions with answers : Programming in C++ Ques 12. Ans. What is the use of typedef? typedef gives or defines an alternative name for a predefine data type. For Example. typedef float Dec; So now instead of using float we can defined float variables using Dec. Ques 13. Observe the program segment carefully and answer the question that follows: class member int member_no; char member_name[20]; void enterdetails( ); void showdetail( ); int getmember_no( ) return member_no; ; void update(member NEW ) fstream File; File.open( member.dat, ios::binary ios::in ios::out) ; member i; while(file.read((char*) & i, sizeof (i))) if(new. getmember_no( ) = = i. getmember_no( )) File.seekp(, ios::cur ) //Paremeter Missing File.write((char*) &NEW, sizeof (NEW)); File.close() ; If the function update( ) is supposed to modify a record in the file member.dat with the values ofmember NEW passed as argument, write the appropriate parameter for the missing parameter in theabove code, so as to modify record atits proper place. Answer:. File.seekp( -sizeof(i), ios::cur ); Ques 14 Observe the program segment given below carefully, and answer the question that follows: class Applicant long AId; //Applicant s Id char Name[20]; //Applicant s Name Compiled By : Deepak Singh Gosain [PGT-CS, K.V. 2 Hubli]

4 float Score; //Applicant s Score void Enroll(); void Disp(); void MarksScore(); //Function to change Score long R_Aid() return Aid; ; void ScoreUpdate(long Id) fstream File; File.open( APPLI.DAT,ios::binary ios::in ios::out); Applicant A; int Record=0,Found=0; while (!Found&&File.read((char*)&C, sizeof(c))) if (Id==A.R_Aid()) cout<< Enter new Score ; cin>>a.marksscore(); //statement 1 //statement 2 Found = 1; Record++; if(found==1) cout<< Record Updated ; File.close(); 1 Marks Questions with answers : Programming in C++ Write the Statement1 to position the File Pointer at the beginning of the Record for which the Applicant s Id matches with the argument passed, and Statement2 to write the updated Record at that position. Answer: Statement 1: (Write any one) File.seekp (Record * sizeof(a)); //object name OR File.seekp(Record * sizeof(applicant)); File.seekp(File.tellg() - sizeof(a)); File.seekp(File.tellg() - sizeof(applicant)); File.seekp(-sizeof(A), ios::cur); File.seekg(Record * sizeof(a)); File.seekg(Record * sizeof(applicant)); File.seekg(-sizeof(A), ios::cur); // class name OR OR OR OR Statement 2: (Write any one) File.write((char*)&A, sizeof(a)); OR Compiled By : Deepak Singh Gosain [PGT-CS, K.V. 2 Hubli]

5 File.write((char*)&A, sizeof(applicant)); 1 Marks Questions with answers : Programming in C++ Ques 15 Answer: A file named as STUDENT.DAT contains the student records, i.e. objects of class student.write the command to open the file to update a student record. (Use suitable stream class and file mode(s). fstream inof( STUDENT.DAT,ios::in ios::out ios::binary) OR fstream inof; inof.open( STUDENT.DAT,ios::in ios::out ios::binary) Compiled By : Deepak Singh Gosain [PGT-CS, K.V. 2 Hubli]

6 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, K.V. 2, Hubli] 2 MARKS Qtions Subject : Computer Science Unit : Programming in C++ Class XII Q 1. Differentiate between a run-time and syntax error, give one example of each. Ans. A run-time error is an error that occurs during execution of a program. The compilation of program is not affected with it. For example, File could not be opened. not enough memory available are run time errors. A syntax error is that when statements are wrongly written violating rules of the programming language. For example max + 2 = dmax is a syntax error as an expression cannot appear on the left side of an assignment operator. Q 2. Ans: What is this pointer? What is its significance? this pointer represents an object that invokes a member function. It stores the address of the object that is invoking a member function and it (this pointer.) is an implicit argument to the member function being invoked. The this pointer is useful in returning the objects address of which the function is a member. Q 3. Give the difference between the type casting and automatic type conversion. Also, give a suitable C++ code to illustrate both. Q 4. What is the difference between a default constructor and copy constructor? Give suitable examples for each. Ans : Default constructor: -A constructor that accepts no parameters is called the default constructor. Copy constructor: -A copy constructor is a constructor of the form class name (class name &). The compiler will use the copy constructor whenever you initialize an instance using values of another instance of same type. Example: class XYZ int a; XYZ( ) //Default constructor

7 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, K.V. 2, Hubli] a=10; XYZ( XYZ &s) //Copy constructor a=s.a; void getdata( ); void putdata( ); ; // end of the class Q 5. Ans: What do you understand by function overloading? Give an example illustrating its use in a C++ program. A function name having several definition that are differentiable by the number or types of their arguments, is known as an overloaded function and this process is known as Function Overloading. float xy(int a) return a*a; float xy(float a, float b) return a*b; Q 6. What do you mean by copy constructor? Explain with an example Ans : A constructor that initializes an object with the data values of another object is known as copy constructor. class abc int i,j; abc(int a, int b) i=a; j=b; abc(abc &s) j=s.j; i=s.j; void print(void) cout<<i<<j; ; void main() abc s1(2,4); abc s2(s1); abc s3=s1; Q 7. What will the order of the constructor invocation of the following code class date : ; class time

8 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, K.V. 2, Hubli] : ; class train int rain(); date ddate; time dtime; ; void main() date d1; time t1; train tr1; Ans: The order of constructor invocation will be as follows : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) date::date() time::time() date::date() time::time() train::train() Q 8. Give the output of the following program: void main() int a=32,*ptr=&a; char ch,&cho=ch; cho+=a; *ptr+=ch; cout<<a<< <<ch <<endl; Output: 129 a Q 9. What is the difference between a Local and a Global Variable? And A Local Variable is accessible within its block in which it is declared but a global Variable is accessible in whole program. Ex. #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> int a=7; //global variable void main( ) int b=6; //local variable Q10. Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical error(s) (if any). Underline each correction.

9 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, K.V. 2, Hubli] #include <iostream.h> Class Item long IId,Qty; void Purchasecin>>IId>>Qty; void Sale() cout<<setw(5)<<iid<< Old: <<Qty <<endl; cout<< New: <<-- Qty<<endl; ; void main( ) Item I; Purchase(); I.Sale(); I.Sale() Ans: #include <iostream.h> #include <iomanip.h> class Item long IId,Qty; void Purchase()cin>>IId>>Qty; void Sale() cout<<setw(5)<<iid<< Old: <<Qty<<endl; cout<< New: <<-- Qty<<endl; ; void main() Item I; I.Purchase(); I.Sale(); I.Sale();

10 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] 3 Marks Qtions along with Anss Subject : Computer Science Unit: Programming with C++ Class XII Q1. Observe the following C++ code carefully and obtain the output, which will appear on the screen after execution of it. #include<iostream.h> class Mausam int City,Temp,Humidity; Mausam(int C=1) City=C; Temp=10; Humidity=63; void Sun(int T) Temp+=T; ; void main() Mausam M,N(2); M.Sun(5); M.CheckOut(); N.Rain(10); N.Sun(2); N.CheckOut(); M.Rain(15); M.CheckOut(); Ans Output of the program will be : 1:15&63% 2:12&73% 1:15&78% Q 2. void Rain(int H) Humidity+=H; void CheckOut() cout<<city<<":"<<temp<<"&"<<humidity<<"%"<<endl; Give the output of the following program: #include <iostream.h> struct point int x,y; ; void show(point p) cout<<p.x<< : <<p.y<<endl; Ans: Output of the program will be : 25:20 40 : : 10 Q 3. Find the output of the following program. void main( ) point u=20,10,v,w; v = u; v.x += 20; w= v; u.y += 10; u.x += 5; show(u); show(v); show(w);

11 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] #include <iostream.h> #include <string.h> void main( ) int chcount = 0,i=0, len; char ch[80] = Programming Language C++ ; len = strlen(ch); while(i <= (len-1)) chcount++; if(islower(ch[i])) ch[i]=toupper(ch[i]); else if (isupper(ch[i])) ch[i] = toupper(ch[i]); cout<<ch[i]; ++i; cout<<chcount; Output of the program will be: programming language c++ Q 4: Give the output of the following program : #include<iostream.h> int global=10; void func(int &x, int y) x=x-y; y=x*10; cout<<x<< <<y<< \n ; void main() int global=7; func(::global,global); cout<<global<<, <<::global<< \n ; func(global,::global); cout<<global<<, <<::global<< \n ; Ans: Output of the program will be: 3, 30 7, 3 4, 40 4, 3 Q 5. Give the output of the following program: #include<iostream.h> struct pixel int c,r; ; void display(pixel p) cout<<p.c<< # <<p.r<<endl; void main( ) pixel x=40,50,y,z; z=x; x.c+=10; y=z; y.c+=10; y.r+=20; z.c-=15; display(x); display(y); display(z);

12 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] Ans: Output of the above program will be 50# # # 50 Q 6: Given the following code fragment: int x,b; class X int x; float y; char z; void init( ) x=y=z=0; int a,b; void sqr(int i) cout<<(x+y)*i; cout<<(a+b)*i; void start( int i,float j,char k) init( ); x=i; y=j; z=k; ; X ob1; void check( ) int a=10; cout<<a; i) What all variables can be access by the following functions sqr( ), start( ), check( ) Ans: Following data members will be accessed by the functions: sqr( ) can access X::x, ::x, X::y, X::z, X::a, X::b, ::b start( ) can access all the variables as that of sqr( ) function check( ) can access ::x, ::b, X::a, X::b and it s own local variable a. Q 7. Write a user defined function DispTen(int A[][4], int N, int M) In C++ to find and display all the numbers, which are divisible by 10. For example if the content of array is: The output should be Ans: C++ code for above problem :- #include<conio.h> #include<iostream.h> void Sum(int A[ ][3],int N,int M) int i,j,s=0; for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(j=0;j<m;j++) if(a[i][j]%10==0) cout<<a[i][j]<< ; void main() int a[][3]=12,20,13,2,10,30; clrscr(); Sum(a,2,3); getch();

13 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] Q 8. Writes the output of the following program segment, consider all header files are include and necessary function call is there. char *name= ComPUteR ; for (int x=0;x<strlen(name);x++) if(islower(name[x])) name[x]=toupper(name[x]); else if(isupper(name[x])) if(x%2= =0) name[x]=tolower(name[x]); else name[x]=name[x-1]; puts(name); Ans: Otput of the above code: commutee Q 9. Write the output of the following program: #include<iostream.h> void execute(int &x, int y=200) int t=x+y; x+=t; if(y!=200) cout<<t<<<< : x<< : <<y<<endl; void main() int a=50,b=20; execute (b); cout<<a<< # <<b<<endl; execute(a,b); <<b<<endl; Ans: Output of the above code execution will be: 50 # : 340: @ 240 Q10. Write the output of the following program: #include<iostream.h> int calc(int u) if(u%2= =0) return(u+10); else return(u*2); void pattern(char m,int b=2) for(int c=0;c<b;c++) cout<<calc(c )<<m; cout<<endl; void main() pattern( * ); pattern( #,4);

14 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] Ans: Otpput of the above code will be : 10*2* 10#2#12#6# 10@2@12@ Q 10. What will be the output of the following program #include<iostream.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> void changestring(char text[], int &counter) char *ptr = text; int length=strlen(text); for(;counter<length-2;counter+=2, ptr++) *(ptr+counter) = tolower(*(ptr+counter)); void main() clrscr(); int position = 0; char message[]= POINTERS FUN ; changestring(message, position); <<position; Ans:- Output the code will be: pointers fun@10 Q11 Assuming the class ANTIQUE as declared below, write a function in C++ to read the objects of ANTIQUE from binary file ANTIQUE.DAT and display those antique items, which are priced between and class ANTIQUE int ANO; char Aname[10]; float Price; void BUY() cin>>ano; gets(aname); cin>>price; void SHOW() cout<<ano<<endl; cout<<aname<<endl; cout<<price<<endl;

15 Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT-CS, KV-2, Hubli] ; float GetPrice() return Price; Ans: C++ code for the above program will be: Q12 Write a function in C++ to search for the details (Phoneno and Calls) of those Phones, which have more than 800 calls from a binary file phones.dat. Assuming that this binary file contains records/objects of class Phone, which is defined below. class Phone char Phoneno[10]; int Calls; void Get( ) gets(phoneno); cin>>calls; void Billing( ) cout<<phoneno<< # <<Calls<<endl; int GetCalls( ) return Calls; ; Ans : C++ code for the searching is :- void search () Phone pobj; ifstream ifs; ifs.open("phones.dat",ios::binary); while(ifs.read((char*)&pobj,sizeof(pobj))) if(pobj.getcalls()> =800) pobj.billing(); ifs.close();

16 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] Q1. Define a class Applicant in C++ with following description: Private Members A data member ANo (Admission Number) of type long A data member Name of type string A data member Agg (Aggregate Marks) of type float A data member Grade of type char A member function GradeMe() to find the Grade as per the Aggregate Marks obtained by a student. Equivalent Aggregate Marks range and the respective Grades are shown as follows: Aggregate Marks Grade >=80 A Less than 80 and >=65 B Less than 65 and >=50 C Less than 50 D Public Members A function ENETR() to allow user to enter values for ANo,Name,Agg & call function GradeMe() to find the Grade. A function RESULT() to allow user to view the content of all the data members. Ans1: C++ Code for the above class is: class Applicant long ANo; char Name[20],Grade; float Agg; void GradeMe(); void ENETR(); void RESULT(); ; void Applicant::ENETR() cin>>ano; gets(name); cin>>agg; GradeMe(); void Applicant::GradeMe() if(agg<50) Grade='D'; else if(agg>=50 && Agg<65) Grade='C'; else if(agg>=65 && Agg<80) Grade='B'; else Grade='A'; void Applicant::RESULT() cout<<ano<<'\t'<<name<<'\t'<<agg<<'\t <<Grade<<endl; Q2 : Answer the questions (i) and (iv) based on the following: Page : 1

17 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] class Student int Rollno; char SName[20]; float Marks1; protected: void Result(); Student(); void Enroll(); void Display(); ; class Teacher long TCode; char TName[20]; protected: float Salary; Teacher (); void Enter(); void Show(); ; class Course:public Student,private Teacher long CCode[10] char CourseName[50]; char StartDate[8],EndDate[8]; Course(); void Commence(); void CDetail(); ; (i) Write the names of member functions, which are accessible from objects of class Course. Ans: Commence() CDetail() Enroll() Display() (ii) Write the names of all data members, which is/are accessible from member function Commence of class Course. Ans: Salary CCode CourseName StartDate EndDate (iii) Write the names of all the members, which are accessible from objects of class teacher. Enter() Show() (iv) Which type of inheritance is illustrated in the above C++ code? Ans. Multiple Inheritance Q3. Write a function in C++ to perform Insert operation on a dynamic Queue containing DVD'S information (represented with the help of an array of structure DVD). Page : 2

18 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] Ans : struct DVD long No; char Title[20]; ; //DVD Nunber //DVD Title DVD *Link; class Queue DVD *Front, *Rear; Queue ( ) Front = NULL; Rear = NULL; void Insert() ; void Remove() ; void Display() ; ~Queue() ; ; void Queue::Insert() DVD *T = new DVD; Cin>>T->No; gets (T->Title) ; //OR cin.getline(t->title,20); T->Link = NULL; if (Rear=NULL) Front = T; Rear = T; else Rear->Link = T; Rear = T; Q4. Define a class SUPPLY in C++ with following description: Private Members Code of type int FoodName of type string Sticker of type string Food Type of type string A member function GetType() to assign the following values for Food Type as per the given Sticker: Sticker Food Type GREEN Vegetarian YELLOW Contains Egg RED NON-Vegetarian Public Members A function Foodln ( ) to allow user to enter values for Code, FoodName, Sticker and call function Page : 3

19 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] GetType( ) to assign respective FoodType. A function FoodOut ( ) to allow user to view the content of all the data members. Ans: Code for the above class will be: class SUPPLY int Code; char FoodName [20] ; char Sticker [10] ; char FoodType[20]; void GetType(); void FoodIn() ; void FoodOut() ; ; void SUPPLY::GetType() if (strcmp (Sticker,"GREEN")==0) strcpy(foodtype, "Vegeterian"); else if (strcmp (Sticker, "YELLOW") =0) strcpy(foodtype, "Contains Egg") ; else if (strcmp(sticker,"red")==0) strcpy(foodtype, "Non-Vegeterian"); void SUPPLY::FoodIn() cin>>code; gets (FoodName) ; gets (Sticker) ; GetType() ; void SUPPLY:: FoodOut() cout<<code<<foodname<<sticker<<foodtype<<endl; Q5: Write a function in C++ to perform Push operation on a dynamically allocated Stack containing real numbers Ans: struct stack float info; stack *next; Top; void push( ) stack *T; T=new stack; If(T==NULLl) cout<< Overflow ; exit(0); else If(Top==NULL) Top=T; else cout<< \nenter Number : ; cin>>t->info; T->next=Top; Top=T; Q6. Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following code based on inheritance Page : 4

20 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] class Employee int id; protected : char name[20]; char doj[20]; public : Employee(); ~Employee(); void get(); void show(); ; class Daily_wager : protected Employee int wphour; protected : int nofhworked; public : void getd(); void showd(); ; class Payment : private Daily_wager char date[10]; protected : int amount; public : Payment(); ~Payment(); void show(); ; 1. Name the type of Inheritance depicted in the above example. Ans: Multilevel Inheritance 2. Name the member functions accessible through the object of class Payment. Ans; show( ) 3. How many bytes are required for the object of class Payment. Ans 58 bytes 4. Name the base & derived class of Daily_wager class. Ans Base class : Employee Derived class: Payment Practice Questions : Do yourself Page : 5

21 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] Q1: Define a class named MyFolder with the following specifications: Private members: Filenames - an array of strings of size[10][25] (to represent all the names of files inside Myfolder) Availspace - long (to represent total number of bytes available in MyFolder) Usedspace - long (to represent total number of bytes used in MyFolder) Public members Newfileentry() Retavailspace() Showfiles() - a function to accept values of Filenames, Availspace and Usedspace from user. - A function that returns the value of total Kilobytes available. (1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes) - A function that displays the names of all the files in MyFolder Ans 7: C++ codes for above specification are:- #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> class Myfolder char Filenames[10][25]; long Availspace, Usedspace ; void Newfileentry( ) for(int i=0;i<10;i++) cout<< \n Enter Files name : ; gets(filenames(i)); cout<< \nenter Available Space and Used Space: ; cin>>availspace>>usedspace; float Retavailspace( ) return( (float)availspace/1024) void showfiles( ) Cout<< \nlist of files are as follows ; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) cout<< \n <<Filenames(i); ; // end of class Page : 6

22 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] Q9: Define a class TEST in C++ with following description: Private Members a. TestCode of type integer b. Description of type string c. NoCandidate of type integer d. CenterReqd (number of centers required) of type integer e. A member function CALCNTR() to calculate and return the number of centers as (NoCandidates/100+1) Public Members A function SCHEDULE() to allow user to enter values for TestCode, Description, NoCandidate & call function CALCNTR() to calculate the number of Centres A function DISPTEST() to allow user to view the content of all the data members Ans: class TEST int TestCode; char Description[20]; int NoCandidate,CenterReqd; void CALCNTR(); void SCHEDULE(); void DISPTEST(); ; void TEST::CALCNTR() CenterReqd=NoCandidate/ ; void TEST::SCHEDULE() cout<< Test Code : ;cin>>testcode; cout<< Description : ;gets(description); cout<< Number : ;cin>>nocandidate; CALCNTR(); void TEST::DISPTEST() cout<< Test Code : <<TestCode<<endl; cout<< Description : <<Description<<endl; cout<< Number : <<NoCandidate<<endl;; cout<< Centres : <<CenterReqd<<endl;; Q10: Write a function in C++ to perform Insert operation in a dynamically allocated Queue containing names of students. Page : 7

23 4 Marks question based on C++ OOP Programming Class XII Computer Science Compiled By : Deepak Gosain [ PGT CS-K.V.2, Hubli] Ans: A function in C++ to perform Insert operation in a dynamically allocated Queue containing names of students is as follows : struct NODE char Name[20]; NODE *Link; ; class QUEUE NODE *Rear,*Front; QUEUE(); void Insert(); void Delete(); ; void QUEUE::Insert() NODE *Temp; Temp=new NODE; gets(temp->name); Temp->Link=NULL; if (Rear==NULL) Rear=Temp; Front=Temp; else Rear->Link=Temp; Rear=Temp; Page : 8