Tool-assisted spec development
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- Esmond Oswald Preston
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1 Typed Clojure Tool-assisted spec development Ambrose Bonnaire-Sergeant Sam Tobin-Hochstadt
2 Spec is awesome Expressive specification language Runtime instrumentation Generative testing Documentation Parsing
3 Show of hands: Who s avoided writing a spec because? Too inexperienced with spec Reverse engineering too costly to justify Partially wrote spec, but will fill it in later
4 Show of hands: Who s updated a spec because? Typo in the spec Function/data out of date with spec
5 We need help writing our specs
6 Idea Spec models how our program currently operates So run the program, and observe! Use observations to generate specs
7 Analogy: Megaphone as a function function
8 Goal: What is the spec for a megaphone? function
9 Step 1: Instrumentation function
10 Step 1: Instrumentation function
11 Step 2: Observe running program function
12 Step 2: Observe running program function
13 Step 3: Summarize execution : :
14 Step 3: Summarize execution : # # : #
15 The challenge: Deriving good specs from program execution
16 Values The observed value :foo 1 any? 2 keyword? 3 #{:foo} Specs Our choices to spec value
17 Values :foo Don t care 1 any? 2 keyword? 3 #{:foo} Specs Homogeneous Enumeration
18 Values {1 2, 3 4} Instance check 1 map? Homogeneous 2(map-of int? int?) 3 (map-of #{1 3} #{2 4}) Enumerate 4 (map-of pos? pos?) Specs Constrain
19 Values {:x 2, :y 3} 1 (map-of keyword? int?) Homogeneous 2 (def ::x int?) (def ::y int?) (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) Specs Entity map
20 {:shape :square :width 3} Homogeneous 1 2 (map-of keyword? (or int? keyword?)) (def ::shape keyword?) (def ::width int?) (def ::height int?) (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width]) Entity map 3 (defmulti shape :shape) (defmethod shape [_] :square (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width])) Values Tagged Entity map (multi-spec shape :shape) Specs
21 {:shape :square :width 3} {:shape :rect :width 3 :height 4} Second tag (map-of keyword? (or int? keyword?)) (def ::shape keyword?) (def ::width int?) Optional entries (def ::height int?) (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width] :opt-un [::height]) (defmulti shape :shape) (defmethod shape [_] :square (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width])) (defmethod shape [_] :rect (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width ::height])) Values (multi-spec shape :shape) Specs
22 {:shape :square, :width 3 :inner {:shape :rect, :width 1, :height 3, Values :inner {:shape :square, :width 3}}} 1 map? 2 (map-of ) 3 (keys ) (defmulti shape :shape) Recursively (defmethod shape [_] :square defined, (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width]) tagged entity :opt-un [::inner])) 4 (multi-spec ) Tagged Entity map 5 (defmethod shape [_] :rect map (s/keys :req-un [::shape ::width ::height] :opt-un [::inner])) (s/def ::inner (multi-spec shape :shape)) (multi-spec shape :shape)
23 Phew! Many implicit decisions
24 How do we make sense of all this? 1 View possible specs as a lattice 2 Observing different values moves along lattice
25 How do we make sense of all this? 1 View possible specs as a lattice 2 Observing different values moves along lattice
26 How do we make sense of all this? 1 View possible specs as a lattice 2 Observing different values moves along lattice
27 How do we make sense of all this? 1 View possible specs as a lattice 2 Observing different values moves along lattice
28 How do we make sense of all this? 1 View possible specs as a lattice 2 Observing different values moves along lattice
29 Build lattice using heuristics about Clojure idioms
30 Observed Chosen Spec Values number? Observed values Chosen spec (or double? integer?) double? integer?
31 Observed Chosen Spec Values number? Observed doubles (or double? integer?) 6.2 Heuristic double? integer?
32 Observed Chosen Spec Values number? Observed BigDecimal (or double? integer?) M double? integer?
33 Observed Chosen Spec Values any? {:shape :rect } (map-of keyword? any?) (map-of keyword? (or )) (multi-spec shape :shape) Entity map (s/keys :req-un [::shape])
34 Observed Chosen Spec Values any? {:shape :rect } (map-of keyword? any?) {:shape :circle } Tagged Entity map (map-of keyword? (or )) (multi-spec shape :shape) (s/keys :req-un [::shape])
35 Observed Chosen Spec Values any? Homogeneous map {:shape :rect } (map-of keyword? any?) (map-of keyword? (or )) {:shape :circle } {:x 1 :y 2} (multi-spec shape :shape) (s/keys :req-un [::shape])
36 Observed Chosen Spec Values any? {:shape :rect } (map-of keyword? any?) {:shape :circle } (map-of keyword? (or )) {:x 1 :y 2} Observed non-map data (multi-spec shape :shape) 42 sym :kw (s/keys :req-un [::shape])
37 Demo
38 Real-world Examples
39 The good
40 Names Reuse argument names Good spec tags
41 Simple collection manipulation Succinct
42 Multiple arities
43 Multi-specs {:op :vector..} {:op :map..} {:op :var..}
44 Useful aliases Extract common map into alias Usage Usage
45 Mutually recursive maps
46 Mutually recursive maps
47 The bad
48 Lost kw :min kw arg arguments :max kw arg
49 Over-specificity Only unit tested 3-tuple!
50 The ugly
51 No rest arg inference 6 args 13 args
52 The future
53 Polymorphic types
54 Polymorphic types Fragments of polymorphic types
55 Questions, Demos, and magic tricks?
56 Thanks
57 ambrosebs.com/auto-ann.html
58 Inference results via side effects
59 Step 1: 1) Generate naive type environment from dynamic inference results point : [Long Long -> {:x Long :y Long}]
60 Step 2: 2) Create local recursive types ( vertically ) f : g : h : b :
61 Step 2: 2) Create local recursive types ( vertically ) f : g : h : b :
62 Step 3: 3) Merge possibly-recursive types globally ( horizontally ) f : g : h : b :
63 Step 3: 3) Merge possibly-recursive types globally ( horizontally ) f : g : h, b :
64 Instrumentation
65 Instrumentation
66 Paths [emit (arg)] [emit (ret)] [emit (ret)]
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