Abstract Data Structures IB Computer Science. Content developed by Dartford Grammar School Computer Science Department

Transcription

1 Abstract Data Structures IB Computer Science Content developed by Dartford Grammar School Computer Science Department

2 HL Topics 1-7, D1-4 1: System design 2: Computer Organisation 3: Networks 4: Computational thinking 5: Abstract data structures 6: Resource management 7: Control D: OOP

3 1: System design HL only 5 Overview Thinking recursively Identify a situation that requires the use of recursive thinking Identify recursive thinking in a specified problem solution Trace a recursive algorithm to express a solution to a problem Abstract data structures Describe the characteristics of a two-dimensional array Construct algorithms using two-dimensional arrays Describe the characteristics and applications of a stack Construct algorithms using the access methods of a stack Describe the characteristics and applications of a queue Construct algorithms using the access methods of a queue Explain the use of arrays as static stacks and queues Linked lists Describe the features and characteristics of a dynamic data structure Describe how linked lists operate logically Sketch linked lists (single, double and circular) Trees Describe how trees operate logically (both binary and non-binary) Define the terms: parent, left-child, right-child, subtree, root and leaf State the result of inorder, postorder and preorder tree traversal Sketch binary trees Applications Define the term dynamic data structure Compare the use of static and dynamic data structures Suggest a suitable structure for a given situation 2: Computer Organisation 4: Computational thinking 6: Resource management D: OOP 3: Networks 5: Abstract data structures 7: Control

4 Topic Describe how linked lists operate logically

5 Abstract Data Structures (ADTs) 2D array Stack Queue Linked List (Binary) Tree Recursion

6 Linked list A linked list is a linear collection of self-referential structures, called nodes, connected by pointer links. A linked list is accessed by keeping a pointer to the first node of the list. This pointer to the first node of a list is typically named head. Subsequent nodes are accessed via a link pointer member that is stored in each node.

7 Linear & Circular Linked Lists

8 Inserting into a linked list Insertion into a linked list has three special cases: 1. Inserting a new node to the very beginning of the list 2. Inserting a new node at the very end of the list 3. Inserting a new node in the middle of the list and so, has a predecessor and successor in the list

9 An empty list When list is empty, which is indicated by (head == NULL)condition, the insertion is quite simple. Algorithm sets both head and tail to point to the new node.

10 Inserting at the BEGINNING In this case, new node is inserted right before the current head node. Update the next link of a new node, to point to the current head node. Update head link to point to the new node.

11 Inserting at the END In this case, new node is inserted right after the current tail node. Update the next link of the current tail node, to point to the new node. Update tail link to point to the new node.

12 Inserting in the MIDDLE In general case, new node is always inserted between two existing nodes. Head and tail links are not updated in this case. Update link of the "previous" node, to point to the new node. Update link of the new node, to point to the "next" node.

13 Super useful site for algorithms

14 Exam question about ADTs (Linked Lists, Queue, Stacks)

15

16 Solution for (a)

17 Solution for (b)

18 Solution for (c) part 1

19 Solution for (c) part 2

20 Solution for (d)

21 Great presentation about linked lists